Effect of combined translation and torsion on undrained uplift capacity of plate anchors: Plastic limit analysis (PLA) solution

Uplift capacity of plate anchors has been the focus of numerous studies, because anchor plates are designed for pull‐out in normal operating conditions. However, the response of plate anchors under 6‐degrees‐of‐freedom loading caused during extreme loading conditions is poorly understood. The purpose of this study is to propose a simple yet sufficiently accurate analytical solution to investigate the behavior of plate anchor under combined in‐plane translation and torsion and to evaluate its effect on the plate uplift bearing capacity. To this end, a modified plastic limit analysis (PLA) approach is introduced and compared with limit equilibrium and simplified upper bound baseline solutions. The proposed method is verified with 3‐dimensional finite element. The variables considered in this study include plate aspect ratio, plate thickness, as well as load direction and eccentricity. Results of analytical solutions indicate the insensitivity of the “shape” of the shear‐torsion yield envelope to plate thickness. This finding facilitates the use of simplified yet reasonable yield envelope for infinitely thin plate obtained from simplified PLA approach for other plate thicknesses. The “size” of the failure envelope (controlled by pure torsional and translational capacity) could be predicted fairly accurately by PLA and limit equilibrium methods. Combination of these analytical methods offers a simple yet reasonably accurate solution to describe shear‐torsion response of anchor plate. The obtained shear‐torsion yield envelope is then fitted in the generalized 6‐degrees‐of‐freedom yield surface which describes the reducing effect of moment, torsion, and planar forces on the uplift capacity of plate.     

Seismic rehabilitation performance of steel side plate moment connections

Moment connections in an existing steel building located in Kaohsiung, Taiwan were rehabilitated to satisfy seismic requirements based on the 2005 AISC seismic provisions. Construction of the building was ceased in 1996 due to financial difficulties and was recommenced in 2007 with enhanced connection performance. Steel moment connections in the existing building were constructed by groove welding the beam flanges and bolting the beam web to the column. Four moment connections, two from the existing steel building, were cyclically tested. A non‐rehabilitated moment connection with bolted web‐welded flanges was tested as a benchmark. Three moment connections rehabilitated by welding full‐depth side plates between the column face and beam flange inner side were tested to validate the rehabilitation performance. Test results revealed that (1) the non‐rehabilitated existing moment connection made by in situ welding process prior to 1996 had similar deformation capacity as contemporary connection specimens made by laboratory welding process, (2) all rehabilitated moment connections exhibited excellent performance, exceeding a 4% drift without fractures of beam flange groove‐welded joints, and (3) presence of the full‐depth side plates effectively reduced beam flange tensile strain near the column face by almost half compared with the non‐rehabilitated moment connection. The connection specimens were also modeled using the non‐linear finite element computer program ABAQUS to further confirm the effectiveness of the side plate in transferring beam moments to the column and to investigate potential sources of connection failure. A design procedure was made based on experimental and analytical studies. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

全断面盾构机异质岩土掘进载荷等效模型研究

由于岩土结构的变化,全断面盾构机在掘进过程中推进力和扭矩需要进行适当的顺应性设计以获得良好的掘进效率,以减少刀具磨损和损伤破坏事故的发生。针对盾构机在掘进过程中遇到的典型地质结构,建立地质结构的圆形百分比模型,分析刀盘上不同刀具在掘进过程中载荷受力,建立不同刀具及总扭转载荷的数学表述方法,基于该方法对盾构机在异质岩土结构中旋转时刀盘总扭矩随旋转角度的变化特性进行研究,结果表明,在软岩与硬岩比例大约为30%时刀盘的扭矩载荷波动最大,容易造成刀盘堵转及损伤事故,该可以解释云南上公山隧道掘进时频繁堵转产生机理,为异质岩土掘进时盾构机冗余驱动电机的顺应性设计提供指导。     

特厚表土层钢板混凝土复合井壁竖向承载力试验研究

通过模型试验和理论分析,对特厚表土层双层钢板高强混凝土复合井壁的竖向受力特性进行了研究。首先,根据相似理论,进行了双层钢板高强混凝土复合井壁结构的模型设计和试件加工;然后,通过加载试验,得到了井壁结构在竖向荷载和侧压共同作用下的竖向应力、变形和强度特性。结果表明：由于内、外钢板筒的约束作用,井壁结构中的混凝土完全处于三向受压应力状态下,其抗压强度提高了1.73～1.92倍,且井壁破坏时混凝土的竖向极限压应变达到-3.9×10-3,表现出较好的延性特性。通过钢板与混凝土的相互约束,改善了各自的力学特性,使井壁竖向承载力显著提高,远比钢板筒和中间混凝土层的竖向极限承载力之和大,并根据理论分析和试验结果推导出了井壁竖向承载力的计算公式,对理论研究和工程应用具有一定的参考价值。     

2010年智利大地震及历史地震活动与地质构造背景

2010年2月27日(当地时间)智利发生了8.8级地震,造成了严重的破坏和损失。该地震是典型的逆冲型地震,处于环太平洋地震带,是Nazca板块以每年8cm的汇聚速率俯冲于南美洲板块之下,使得该板块下部的应力积累到一定程度引发破裂的结果。历史地震分析表明,目前该地区可能开始一个新的大震活跃期,未来3～4年内可能还会发生一次8级以上的地震。     

半刚接框架-非加劲钢板墙体系抗震试验研究

半刚接钢框架-内填非加劲薄钢板剪力墙结构是一种新型结构形式,它弥补了传统抗弯钢框架侧向刚度不足的缺点,为采用更加经济的半刚性节点提供了可能,目前国内外对该新型结构体系性能研究属刚起步阶段,因此对该结构体系的研究具有重要的理论和实际意义。文中对一榀两层单跨梁柱平齐端板连接半刚性框架-内填非加劲薄钢板剪力墙结构进行了低周往复循环加载拟静力试验,在试验中,试件破坏过程缓慢,钢板墙拉力带充分发育,试验得出的滞回环饱满,表明该新型结构体系具有优异的抗震性能,从而为今后对该新型结构体系做更深入的分析研究打下了良好基础。     

Late Mesozoic subduction‐induced hydrothermal gold deposits along the eastern Asian and northern Californian margins: Oceanic versus continental lithospheric underflow

During late Mesozoic subduction of paleo‐Pacific lithospheric plates, numerous gold vein deposits formed in the Dabie–Sulu Belt of east‐central China plus its east‐Asian extensions, and in the Klamath Mountains plus Sierran Foothills of northern California. In eastern Asia, earlier transpression and continental collision at about 305–210 Ma generated a high pressure–ultrahigh pressure orogen, but failed to produce widespread intermediate to felsic magmatism or abundant hydrothermal gold deposits. Similarly in northern California, strike‐slip ± minor transtension–transpression over the interval of about 380–160 Ma resulted in the episodic stranding of oceanic terranes, but generated few granitoid magmas or Au ore bodies. However, for both continental margin realms, nearly head‐on Cretaceous destruction of oceanic lithosphere involved sustained underflow; reaching magmagenic depths of about 100 km, the descending mafic‐ultramafic plates dewatered, producing voluminous calc‐alkaline arc magmas. Ascent of these plutons into the middle and upper crust released CO₂ ± S‐bearing aqueous fluids and/or devolatilized the contact‐metamorphosed wall rocks. Such hydrothermal fluids transported gold along fractures and fault zones, precipitating it locally in response to cooling, fluid mixing, and/or reactions with wall rocks of contrasting compositions (e.g. serpentinite, marble). In contrast, where sialic crust was subducted to depths of about 100 km, only minor production of granitoid melts occurred, and few major coeval Au vein deposits formed. The mobilization of precious metal‐bearing fluids in continental margin and island arc environments apparently requires long‐continued, nearly orthogonal descent of oceanic, not continental, lithosphere.     

打设排水板后饱和软黏土中打桩引起的孔隙水压力分布及消散规律

通过池州电厂预制桩现场试验,介绍了在打设塑料排水板后,饱和软黏土中打桩引起的土体超静孔隙水压力分布及消散规律,分析了影响土体超静孔隙水压力分布和消散的影响因素。试验结果表明,饱和软黏土中预制桩施工桩距宜大于 3 m,时间间隔为6～8 h,预制桩施工的控制参数为超静孔隙水压力与上覆土体有效自重之比不大于1。     

载荷试验尺寸效应及地基承载力确定方法探讨

压板载荷试验是目前被普遍采用且认为是最可靠的地基承载力确定方法,但其影响因素多诸如压板尺寸、埋置深度、地基土均匀性、沉降稳定标准等,尤其以压板尺寸对试验结果的影响最大。工程实践表明,利用压板试验确定的地基承载力特征值设计的基础,实测沉降与计算沉降之间的误差较大,在已有研究成果基础上,研究载荷试验尺寸效应及地基承载力确定方法：（1）综述目前地基承载力确定方面存在问题;（2）分析载荷试验的尺寸效应;（3）基于杨光华教授提出的非线性切线模量法,推导并给出了如何利用小压板载荷试验结果得到实际基础的荷载-沉降曲线的方法;（4）给出利用实际基础的p-s曲线确定地基承载力的方法,实现地基安全和沉降双控的目的;（5）由于压板试验只能反映浅层土,文中利用旁压试验确定深层土的地基承载力的方法。具体工程实例结果表明,基于利用小压板获得的参数计算的沉降值更符合实际;研究通过小压板原位测试方法获取沉降计算的岩土体统参数方法,不仅能够提高沉降计算精度,还可促进基础设计理论的发展和设计水平的提高。     

基于耦合欧拉-拉格朗日法的锚板在黏土中的极限承载力数值分析

当结构在土体中运动时,往往导致土体发生较大的变形,此类问题采用大变形数值分析方法更为恰当。耦合欧拉-拉格朗日（Coupled Eulerian-Lagrangian, 简称CEL）法是大变形数值分析方法中的一种,在分析大变形问题时具有很强的适用性,但在国内尚未开展CEL法分析锚板承载力的研究。以方形锚板在均质土及线性土中的拔出试验为原型,基于CEL法建立数值模型,对锚板的极限承载力及破坏机制进行研究,并通过用户自定义子程序,实现了线性土的强度分布随锚板拔出而变化。计算结果表明,土体杨氏模量越大,锚板的极限承载力越大;随着位移增大,锚板的抗拔力先增大,后降低;当埋深小于临界埋深时,土体发生整体破坏;当埋深大于等于临界埋深时,土体发生局部破坏。数值计算反映的规律与试验结果基本吻合,体现了CEL法模拟锚板在海床中大位移响应的出色能力。