内蒙古半拉山钼矿LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb与辉钼矿Re-Os年龄及其成矿动力学背景

内蒙古阿鲁科尔沁旗半拉山钼矿床位于大兴安岭南段,是新发现的中型爆破角砾岩型钼矿床.半拉山钼矿区内流纹岩围岩和花岗斑岩岩脉的LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb年龄分别是(157.5±3.3)Ma和(126.3±2.1)Ma,而辉钼矿样品的Re-Os同位素等时线年龄为(136.1±6.6)Ma(MSWD=0.42),表明成矿作...     

上覆压力及排水条件对吹填软土强度影响

吹填土由于其成分来源及沉积环境不同,性质千差万别。以天津海积软土为土质材料,模拟现场吹填环境,研究了吹填软土强度形成影响因素。试验表明,不同的压力及排水条件对吹填软土强度增长影响较大。当排水条件有利于土体中的水排出时,强度增长明显。上覆压力对土体强度增长的影响通过一定的排水条件得以实现,排水条件差和压力增大时,强度增长缓慢且很小,反之,强度增长快且绝对值大。     

Enriched finite element procedures for analyzing decoupled bolts installed in rock mass

Numerical procedures are developed to analyze interaction between fully grouted bolts and rock mass using ‘enriched finite element method (EFEM)’. A solid element intersected by a rock bolt along any arbitrary direction is termed as ‘enriched’ element. The nodes of an enriched element have additional degrees of freedom for determining displacements, stresses developed in the bolt rod. The stiffness of the enriched element is formulated based on properties of rock mass, bolt rod and grout, orientation of the bolt and borehole diameter. Decoupling at grout–bolt interface and elasto‐plastic behavior of rock mass have also been incorporated into the EFEM procedures. The results of this method are compared with analytical pull‐out test results presented by Li and Stillborg (Int. J. Rock Mech. Min. Sci. 1999; 36 :1013–1029). In addition, a numerical example of a bolted tunnel is provided to demonstrate the efficacy of the proposed method for practical applications. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

爆心距对爆破震动信号频谱的影响分析

结合临沂某一隧洞工程,利用matlab分析软件分析了不同爆心距下的爆破震动信号的频谱变化情况。得出：在爆破中近区,震动信号的主频在垂直方向的分量较水平方向大,随着爆心距的增加地面震动峰值速度的主震方向会由水平方向向垂直方向转化,总体呈衰减趋势,震动主频趋向于低频;在爆破参数和爆区特征类似于本工程的工程爆破现场其中低频震动信号在水平方向上的分量所占能量比例高于垂直分量的能量比例,在距爆源较远的位置也不能忽略爆破震动对建筑结构的影响,尤其是要加强水平方向的抗震设防。     

井外爆炸点源激发井孔声波场

利用井外爆炸点源激发的声波场与井孔的相互作用模拟井间地震的物理过程,推导了全频域井孔内外声波场的理论计算公式,并针对不同震源主频、不同源距(震源到井轴的径向距离)和软硬地层进行了井内声场的全波模拟与频率-相速度分析。结果表明:井外爆炸点源激发井孔内外的声场等效于无穷多级声场迭加的结果;震源靠近井壁时的频率-相速度图与震源在井内时相似;震源的主频越高、源距和接收器离井轴的径向距离越大、地层越硬,则顾及的多级声场的项数就要越多;震源主频越低、源距越小,井中激发的斯通利波则越强。     

Effect of ENSO events on sediment production in a large coastal basin in northern Peru

Although the importance of ENSO on hydrological anomalies has been recognized, variations in sediment fluxes caused by these extreme events are poorly documented. The effect of ENSO is not limited to changes in sediment mobilization. Since ENSO events can affect terrestrial ecosystems, they may have important effects on sediment production and transport in river basins over time spans that are longer than the duration of the event itself. The Catamayo‐Chira basin is an interesting casestudy for investigating these geomorphic implications. The objectives were: (i) to study the effect of ENSO on stream flow and sediment yields in the basin, (ii) to investigate if ENSO events affect sediment yields in the post‐ENSO period and (iii) to understand which factors control the ENSO and post‐ENSO basin response. During strong negative ENSO periods, mean annual stream flow discharge at the inlet of the Poechos reservoir in the lower basin was 5.4 times higher than normal annual discharges, while average sediment fluxes exceeded those of normal years by a factor of about 11. In two heavily affected periods, 45.9% of the total sediment yield in the 29 years observation period was generated. Sediment fluxes in the post‐ENSO period are lower than expected, which proves post‐ENSO event dynamics are significantly different from pre‐event dynamics. Our analysis indicates the increase of vegetation growth in the lower basin is not the main reason explaining considerable sediment flux decrease in post‐ENSO periods. During strong ENSO events, sediment in alluvial stores in the lower part of the basin is removed due to enlarging and deepening of channels. In post‐ENSO periods, normal discharges and persisting sediment supplies from the middle/upper basin lead to river aggradation and storage of large amounts of sediment in alluvial plains. The decrease in sediment export will last for several years until the equilibrium is re‐established. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Light yield in DarkSide-10: A prototype two-phase argon TPC for dark matter searches

As part of the DarkSide program of direct dark matter searches using two-phase argon TPCs, a prototype detector with an active volume containing 10 kg of liquid argon, DarkSide-10, was built and operated underground in the Gran Sasso National Laboratory in Italy. A critically important parameter for such devices is the scintillation light yield, as photon statistics limits the rejection of electron-recoil backgrounds by pulse shape discrimination. We have measured the light yield of DarkSide-10 using the readily-identifiable full-absorption peaks from gamma ray sources combined with single-photoelectron calibrations using low-occupancy laser pulses. For gamma lines of energies in the range 122–1275 keV, we get light yields averaging 8.887±0.003(stat)±0.444(sys) p.e./keV_ee. With additional purification, the light yield measured at 511 keV increased to 9.142±0.006(stat) p.e./keV_ee.     

灌溉和施氮对甜叶菊(Stievia rebaudiana)光合作用和产量的影响

为了解水、氮供应水平对河西绿洲灌区甜叶菊(Stievia rebaudiana)光合作用和产量的调控效应,研究了灌溉量(常规灌溉,320mm;节水20%,灌溉256mm;节水40%,灌溉192mm)和施氮量(0、100、200、300kg·hm-2)对甜叶菊光合特性和产量的影响。结果表明:与不施氮相比,施氮可显著提高甜叶菊不同生育期光合速率和产量,施氮处理间光合速率和产量差异均不显著;灌溉量从192mm增加到320mm,甜叶菊产量随灌溉量的增加先增加后降低。施氮100、200、300kg·hm-2下甜叶菊产量分别较不施氮增产6.00%、9.17%、9.76%,256mm灌溉量和300kg·hm-2施氮量为甜叶菊高产的最优组合,产量达到4 177.50kg·hm-2。     

A critical review of groundwater budget myth, safe yield and sustainability

The principle of water balance is well known, but its application often causes controversy. One recent debate is the use of the water balance equation to determine the safe yield and sustainable yield. Two extreme opinions exist on natural groundwater recharge. One misconception is that the development of groundwater is considered to be safe if the pumping rate does not exceed the rate of natural recharge. Another is that the sustainable pumping rate has nothing to do with natural recharge, but depends on the increased recharge and decreased discharge (called capture) induced by pumping. The truth is that both the natural recharge and dynamic development of the capture determine the safe yield or sustainable yield of a groundwater basin. This paper clarifies the water budget controversy and uses the water balance equation to critically analyse the concepts of safe yield and sustainable yield. Numerical simulation of a hypothetical case was used to demonstrate the natural groundwater balance, effects of pumping and the dynamic development of the capture.     

Magma yield stress and permeability: Insights from multiphase percolation theory

Magmas often contain multiple interacting phases of embedded solid and gas inclusions. Multiphase percolation theory provides a means of modeling assemblies of these different classes of magmatic inclusions in a simple, yet powerful way. Like its single phase counterpart, multiphase percolation theory describes the connectivity of discrete inclusion assemblies as a function of phase topology. In addition, multiphase percolation employs basic laws to distinguish separate classes of objects and is characterized by its dependency on the order in which the different phases appear. This paper examines two applications of multiphase percolation theory: the first considers how the presence of bubble inclusions influences yield stress onset and growth in a magma's crystal network; the second examines the effect of bi-modal bubble-size distributions on magma permeability. We find that the presence of bubbles induces crystal clustering, thereby 1) reducing the percolation threshold, or critical crystal volume fraction, ?_c, at which the crystals form a space-spanning network providing a minimum yield stress, and 2) resulting in a larger yield stress for a given crystal volume fraction above ?_c. This increase in the yield stress of the crystal network may also occur when crystal clusters are formed due to processes other than bubble formation, such as heterogeneous crystallization, synneusis, and heterogeneity due to deformation or flow. Further, we find that bimodal bubble size distributions can significantly affect the permeability of the system beyond the percolation threshold. This study thus demonstrates that larger-scale structures and topologies, as well as the order in which different phases appear, can have significant effects on macroscopic properties in multiphase materials.