边界效应研究进展及展望

边界作为人为的空间地理要素,像一堵无形的高墙,影响着全球化和区域一体化的进程。根据国内外1995-2014年文献统计分析可知,近10年来边界效应研究快速增加。基于边界效应和市场分割视角探究边界效应的作用机理和影响效果,是经济地理学边界效应研究的主要内容。随着研究范围的拓展,旅游地理学、城市地理学、政治地理学等领域的区域合作与一体化问题也成为研究的热点。根据重力模型、趋同分析和垄断竞争模型构建边界效应模型是研究的主要方法,虽然理论基础不同,但都选取“边界”作为虚拟变量,定量测度边界效应的大小。最后,提出未来开展边界效应研究需要关注的重点：基于行政边界的本质探究边界效应机理、拓展边界效应研究的空间尺度和创新边界效应的研究方法。     

国外对地缘视野下边境地区的研究进展及其启示

边境地区是国家重要的国土安全屏障和对外开放门户。在全球化、信息化的背景下,边境地区成为地理学、政治学和政治经济学的研究热点。科学认识和总结国际边境研究是推进学科发展的前提。本文以科学引文索引(Web of Science)中边境研究的学术论文为依据,借助于Citespace科学计量工具,系统回顾了国外1990-2015年边境研究的发展脉络、研究领域重点和研究趋势。从文献计量统计分析来看,1990年以来刊文量最大的期刊包括《政治地理学》(Political Geography)、《地缘政治学》(Geopolitics)等。国外边境研究的领域集中于政治地理、环境生态、商业经济、公共管治、人文艺术等方面。地缘政治视角下的领土、国家权力始终是边境研究的重要内容。新世纪以来,边境研究在汲取了批判性地缘政治学、人本主义地缘政治的精髓后,逐渐增强了对边境环境、社会治理等方面的反思。在文献计量分析的基础上,重点阐述了边境的地理涵义和政治属性、经济商贸交流、边境一体化、边境冲突与安全、文化与社会建构、跨境合作制度等领域的研究趋势。最后提出,未来中国边境研究应增强边境地区的综合性发展战略研究,搭建适应于中国特色发展的跨境合作平台与机制,融入国际政治学、民族学、自然地理学等多学科视角。     

国外人文地理学男性气质研究回顾与启示

国外关于男性气质(Masculinity)的研究由来已久,地理学关于男性气质的探讨最早出现于女性主义的研究中,地理学者通过对其他学科相关理论的引用以及女性主义研究方法的借鉴,采用文本分析、个案研究等方法,对男性气质,特别是支配性男性气质(Hegemonic Masculinity)、乡村与城市男性气质等内容进行了深入的分析与探讨,并将男性气质的理论发展到了城市地理学、经济地理学、人口地理学、后殖民主义地理学等分支学科中。地理学者采用建构理论,综合社会、文化、性别和女性主义地理等多元视角,不仅分析了男性身份政治的形成过程,而且探索了不同男性身份政治形成的空间与环境,并尝试建构男性气质地理学。本文试图通过对国外人文地理学关于男性气质研究的回顾和梳理,为国内人文地理学中男性气质的研究提供指导与借鉴。     

矿区水文地质研究进展及中长期发展方向

矿区水资源保护和矿山防治水这两个互相矛盾又紧密联系的问题给传统的矿山水文地质学带来了更多的挑战和机遇,迫切需要新理论、新技术的发展。为了更好的实现矿区未来地下水资源的开采、利用与保护以及采煤安全和区域水资源可持续利用,本文选择长治盆地为重点研究区,从采动引起的覆岩移动入手,在资料分析的基础上,采用相似材料模拟、综合物探、野外监测、现场注(压)水试验的方法,运用水文地质学原理研究了采煤引起含水层结构变异厚度及其渗透性变化特征;在此基础上,以长治盆地集中开采区水文地质条件和野外监测数据为基础,建立了区域地下水流场三维动态模拟试验台,为研究含水层结构变异后的地下水循环机理和水资源重新分布提供技术支撑;本文同时指出了我国矿山水文地质研究目前存在的问题和面临的挑战,分析了矿山水文地质学科的发展趋势,展望了未来相关分支学科和关键核心技术的发展方向与前景。     

Reflecting on the risks and ethical dilemmas of digital research

As technology continues to evolve, digital methods are increasingly becoming key components of social and cultural geographers’ research toolkits. This paper explores the risky and uncertain dimensions of digital research by reflecting on an adverse ethical event which occurred in research involving young people and online dialogic diaries. Assemblage thinking is used to conceptually frame the data leakage event, the subsequent disruption of confidentiality, and the wide-ranging affects and effects that followed. Three particular issues which are critical for researchers working with digital methodologies to consider are highlighted: the ethical implications of procedural disruption, institutional responses within the neoliberal university, and researcher wellbeing. We conclude by advocating for researchers to continue to push boundaries with digital research but suggest that this needs to be undertaken in an informed way that takes account of the immanent potential for digital disruption.     

2004～2013年中国海洋科学研究热点分析——基于期刊论文关键词的计量分析

为了解近10年来中国海洋科学研究的重点和热点主题, 作者运用科学计量分析方法以及社会网络分析方法中的聚类分析、主成分分析和可视化展示等研究手段, 对主要海洋核心刊物在2004～2008和2009～2013年两个阶段共10年间发表论文的高频关键词进行计量分析。分析和对比结果发现, 海洋生物、海洋水产养殖、海洋沉积环境和海洋环境污染这4个研究主题始终是10 年来中国海洋科学研究的重点, 新阶段也出现了海洋灾害、海洋权益等新研究主题。中国的海洋科学研究紧跟形势发展, 研究主题逐渐明确, 研究内容进一步扩展, 研究方法和手段不断丰富。     

Oceanographic Research Vessel Sharing Plan—A Significant Creation of the National Natural Science Foundation of China

To settle the difficulties of the shortage of oceanographic research vessels in our country, the National Natural Science Foundation Committee of China founded Oceanographic Research Vessel Sharing Plan in 2009. It is aimed at enhancing efficiency and optimization of the vessel resources,and coordinating the use demands of vessels for the different foundation projects and the efficient use of the research vessels. We have summarized the achievements made in the Plan from 2010 to 2014, as well as the use system of the research vessels sharing, the specific operating mode ,the organization and the management framework of the Plan. In the end, we put forward our suggestions on the improvement of the Plan after the primary analysis of the present situation of the sharing of the survey data and the existing problems.     

EH4物探找矿技术在非洲赞比亚的应用示范

非洲已成为我国企业海外铜矿资源开发的投资主要目的地之一,针对非洲赞比亚铜矿山的深边部地质找矿技术问题开展的EH4物探找矿技术试验性应用研究,具有重要的示范效应.使用EH4连续电导率剖面测量仪完成的物探剖面测量所获取的某铜矿西矿区14线和东南矿区59线物探电性断面图,较好地反映了加丹加沉积盆地基底构造层与盆地沉积构造层之间的角度不整合沉积接触界面的空间形态展布,而且在含铜页岩层底板与基底构造层顶板之间的石英岩层与高阻异常具有较好的对应关系.这些地球物理信息可为赞比亚沉积岩型铜矿床的深部找矿提供十分重要的间接找矿线索.     

Numerical and Experimental Study of the 3D Effect on Connecting Arm of Vertical Axis Tidal Current Turbine

Vertical axis tidal current turbine is a promising device to extract energy from ocean current. One of the important components of the turbine is the connecting arm, which can bring about a significant effect on the pressure distribution along the span of the turbine blade, herein we call it 3D effect. However, so far the effect is rarely reported in the research, moreover, in numerical simulation. In the present study, a 3D numerical model of the turbine with the connecting arm was developed by using FLUENT software compiling the UDF (User Defined Function) command. The simulation results show that the pressure distribution along the span of blade with the connecting arm model is significantly different from those without the connecting arm. To facilitate the validation of numerical model, the laboratory experiment has been carried out by using three different types of NACA aerofoil connecting arm and circle section connecting arm. And results show that the turbine with NACA0012 connecting arm has the best start-up performance which is 0.346 m/s and the peak point of power conversion coefficient is around 0.33. A further study has been performed and a conclusion is drawn that the aerofoil and thickness of connecting arm are the most important factors on the power conversion coefficient of the vertical axis tidal current turbine.     

Integrating volunteered smartphone data with multispectral remote sensing to estimate forest fuels

Volunteered data sources are readily available due to advances in electronic communications technology. For example, smartphones provide tools to collect ground-based observations over broad areas from a diverse set of data collectors, including people with, and without, extensive training. In this study, volunteers used a smartphone application to collect ground-based observations. Forest structural components were then estimated over a broader area using high spatial resolution RapidEye remote sensing imagery (5 spectral bands 440–850 nm, 5 m spatial resolution) and a digital elevation model following a three nearest neighbor approach (K-NN). Participants with professional forestry experience on average chose high-priority fuel load locations near buildings, while nonprofessional participants chose a broader range of conditions over a larger extent. When used together, the professional and nonprofessional observations provided a more complete assessment of forest conditions. A generalized framework is presented that utilizes K-NN imputation tools for estimating the distribution of forest fuels using remote sensing and topography variables, ensuring spatial representation, checking attribute accuracy, and evaluating predictor variables. Frameworks to integrate volunteered data from smartphone platforms with remote sensing may contribute toward more complete Earth observation for Digital Earth.