氧化铬对铝型材厂碱蚀渣制备铝方柱石材料结构的影响

利用铝型材厂碱蚀渣为主要原料,采用二步煅烧工艺制备铝方柱石材料。探索二次煅烧温度对铝型材厂碱蚀渣制备铝方柱石材料相组成、结晶度、微观结构的影响,进而研究氧化铬对铝方柱石材料相组成、微观结构的影响。采用同步热分析、X射线衍射、扫描电镜及相关分析软件表征制备的铝方柱石材料的相组成和显微结构。结果表明：铝型材厂碱蚀渣中有大量可烧失成分,物料需要进行致密化处理,再经过1500℃煅烧后的铝方柱石材料结构中具有明显的铝方柱石条柱状结构,结晶度增大,铝方柱石相对含量达到91%。随着氧化铬加入量增加,结构中的铝铬酸钙相增加。当氧化铬加入量为2%时,试样中结晶相的结晶度最高,形成条柱状铝方柱石相与立方状铝铬酸钙相共存的结构。当氧化铬加入量4%时,试样中铝方柱石相几乎消失,结晶度降低。     

沉水植物驱动的水环境钙泵与水体磷循环的关系

水体磷循环是水柱和对应的沉积物中发生的各种非生物和生物的磷迁移转化过程.与此同时,沉积物中钙通过沉水植物吸收和转运,从该类植物的叶面释放至水柱中,释放的Ca2+与水柱中的CO23-一起形成碳酸钙.在这一过程中,水柱中少量溶解性磷分配在碳酸钙中形成CaCO3-P共沉淀,导致水体中可溶性磷向难溶性磷转化,这种由沉水植物驱动的水环境钙泵在水体磷循环中发挥着重要作用.研究证明,沉水植物菹草叶面上有CaCO3-P共沉淀的形成,且这种共沉淀的含磷量变化范围很宽.另一方面,新近沉积物中钙与磷的沉淀物存在一个由聚磷酸盐向磷灰石逐渐演变过程,而沉水植物叶面上的含磷共沉淀作用是否也存在由聚磷酸盐向磷灰石的变质过程,该过程在沉水植物生长期间是否发生关系到沉水植物除磷效果值得深入研究.本文从水体磷循环概述、钙在水体磷循环中的作用和沉水植物驱动的水环境钙泵假说及其在水体磷循环中的意义等方面综述了钙在水环境中的迁移对水体磷循环的贡献.     

基于AI的胸部CT平扫对冠脉钙化积分的准确性评价

目的：探讨基于人工智能（AI）的非门控胸部低剂量CT（LDCT）平扫与心电门控CT血管造影（ECG gated-CTA）对冠状动脉钙化积分（CACS）危险度分层的一致性。方法：回顾性分析行冠状动脉CTA扫描的100例患者,所有患者均行冠脉ECG gated-CTA扫描和常规非门控胸部LDCT平扫。在Siemens后处理工作站采用Agatston钙化积分软件记录ECG gated-CTA钙化积分,采用数坤人工智能分析软件记录非门控胸部CT平扫的钙化积分。采用原标准界值,对非门控胸部LDCT平扫与ECG gated-CTA评估的CACS值危险度分层进行Kappa检验;采用受试者工作特征曲线（ROC）检验非门控胸部LDCT平扫的诊断效能并获取最佳诊断新界值,采用新界值的非门控胸部LDCT与ECG gated-CTA评估的CACS值危险度分层进行进一步Kappa检验;比较两种方法的钙化积分的Pearson相关性,P<0.001为有统计学显著差异。结果：对非门控胸部LDCT平扫的CACS值按原界值进行危险度分层,与ECG gated-CTA的CACS值危险度分层进行一致性检验,Kappa值为0.804,P<0.001。非门控胸部LDCT平扫测得的CACS值与ECG gated-CTA测得的CACS值比较,低危-中危组的ROC曲线下面积（AUC）为0.910,P<0.001,最佳诊断界值为112.35;中危-高危组AUC为0.988,P<0.001,最佳诊断界值为398.31。对非门控胸部LDCT平扫测得的CACS值按最佳新诊断界值进行危险度分层,与ECG-gated CTA平扫测得的CACS值的按原有界值危险度分层进行一致性检验,Kappa值为0.850,P<0.001。两种方法所测Pearson相关系数为0.985,P<0.001,存在显著相关性。结论：基于人工智能技术的非门控胸部CT平扫与ECG-gated CTA对冠状动脉钙化积分的评估具有较高的一致性;本研究制定了非门控条件下CACS值危险度分层新标准,进一步提高了非门控胸部LDCT评估CACS值的准确性,有助于冠心病风险的早期筛查。     

Spatial Concentration in Australian Regional Development,Exogenous Shocks and Regional Demographic Outcomes: a South Australian case study

ABSTRACT

As a tribute to the massive contribution of our friend and colleague Graeme Hugo to the population and settlement geography of Australian rural areas, this paper presents a longitudinal study from his home State. It forms part of a wider study of the long-term demographic relationships between Australia’s rapidly growing regional cities and their surrounding functional regions. Of particular interest is the question of what effect the accelerating concentration of population and economic activity into a given regional city will have for the longer term demographic sustainability of its functional region as a whole. Taking the case of Port Lincoln, regional capital of most of South Australia’s Eyre Peninsula, it examines the nature of change in the functional region over the period 1947–2011, and investigates the forces feeding, and partly counteracting, the population concentration process, informed by concepts of evolutionary economic geography. In particular it traces the demographic impact (particularly differential migration and ageing trends) of exogenous shocks to the region’s essentially primary productive economic base during the period of major change from 1981 to 2011.     

Prediction of the calcium carbonate budget in a sedimentary basin: A “source-to-sink” approach applied to Great Salt Lake,Utah, USA

Most source-to-sink studies typically focus on the dynamics of clastic sediments and consider erosion, transport and deposition of sediment particles as the sole contributors. Although often neglected, dissolved solids produced by weathering processes contribute significantly in the sedimentary dynamics of basins, supporting chemical and/or biological precipitation. Calcium ions are usually a major dissolved constituent of water drained through the watershed and may facilitate the precipitation of calcium carbonate when supersaturating conditions are reached. The high mobility of Ca²⁺ ions may cause outflow from an open system and consequently loss. In contrast, in closed basins, all dissolved (i.e. non-volatile) inputs converge at the lowest point of the basin. The endoreic Great Salt Lake basin constitutes an excellent natural laboratory to study the dynamics of calcium on a basin scale, from the erosion and transport through the watershed to the sink, including sedimentation in lake's waterbody. The current investigation focused on the Holocene epoch. Despite successive lake level fluctuations (amplitude around 10 m), the average water level seems to have not been affected by any significant long-term change (i.e. no increasing or decreasing trend, but fairly stable across the Holocene). Weathering of calcium-rich minerals in the watershed mobilizes Ca²⁺ ions that are transported by surface streams and subsurface flow to the Great Salt Lake (GSL). Monitoring data of these flows was corrected for recent anthropogenic activity (river management) and combined with direct precipitation (i.e. rain and snow) and atmospheric dust income into the lake, allowing estimating the amount of calcium delivered to the GSL. These values were then extrapolated through the Holocene period and compared to the estimated amount of calcium stored in GSL water column, porewater and sediments (using hydrochemical, mapping, coring and petrophysical estimates). The similar estimate of calcium delivered (4.88 Gt) and calcium stored (3.94 Gt) is consistent with the premise of the source-to-sink approach: a mass balance between eroded and transported compounds and the sinks. The amount of calcium deposited in the basin can therefore be predicted indirectly from the different inputs, which can be assessed with more confidence. When monitoring is unavailable (e.g. in the fossil record), the geodynamic context, the average lithology of the watershed and the bioclimatic classification of an endoreic basin are alternative properties that may be used to estimate the inputs. We show that this approach is sufficiently accurate to predict the amount of calcium captured in a basin and can be extended to the whole fossil record and inform on the storage of calcium.     

外源CaCl2调控浒苔(Ulva prolifera)高温逆境的比较转录组研究

钙(Ca~(2+))作为一种必需的信号分子,在植物的生长发育和非生物胁迫调节中起着至关重要的作用。本实验采用BGISEQ平台进行高通量测序,获得浒苔外源CaCl_2添加(UpCa)和高温对照(UpHT)处理下相关的转录组数据,分析了在高温(35℃)下外源CaCl_2的添加转录组的变化。结果显示,根据UpHT和UpCa处理分析共获得36625条基因;与UpHT相比,在UpCa下鉴定出7513个差异表达的基因,包括6002个上调基因, 1151个下调基因,对差异基因进行了GO富集和KEGG富集分析。对膜转运、植物信号转导和环境适应性相关的差异基因进行KEGG富集分析,主要富集在内吞(Endocytosis)、植物病原菌互作(Plant-pathogeninteraction)、丝裂原激活的蛋白激酶信号通路(MAPK signaling pathway-plant)、植物激素的信号传递(Plant hormone signal transduction)、ABC转运(ABCtransporters)和磷脂酰肌醇信号系统(Phosphatidylinositolsignalingsystem)等代谢通路上。植物激素信号转导途径中,细胞分裂素、脱落酸、油菜素内酯和乙烯信号转导途径增强。抗氧化酶中FeSOD、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶、谷胱甘肽S转移酶和抗坏血酸过氧化物酶等基因表达上调,下调的基因主要是热激蛋白。Ca~(2+)信号组分基因钙结合蛋白、钙调素、钙/钙调素依赖的蛋白激酶以及钙/钙调蛋白依赖性3′,5′环核苷酸磷酸二酯酶的基因表达上调,丝裂原活化蛋白激酶激酶激酶和磷脂酰肌醇信号相关的基因也差异性上调。本研究系统阐述了植物信号转导、抗氧化酶、MAPK信号系统以及Ca~(2+)信号组分基因在外源CaCl_2对浒苔高温压力的调节中的重要作用,可为进一步阐明Ca~(2+)信号对高温的调节适应机制提供理论基础。     

蓝藻钙信号的研究进展

近年来对钙离子在蓝藻信号传导中的潜在作用进行了研究。大量证据表明,蓝藻能够“感知”与“区分”不同的环境刺激,并以钙瞬变的形式产生反应。这是不同的环境刺激所引起的钙离子的内流或外流的结果。由氮缺乏所引起的钙信号对丝状蓝藻鱼腥藻异型胞的分化非常关键。鱼腥藻PCC7120中钙结合蛋白（CcbP）的发现为钙信号在蓝藻中的作用提供了进一步的证据,CcbP的降解或表达下调是氮缺乏时钙信号产生的主要原因。但是与真核生物相比,蓝藻钙信号的编码与解码机制还不清楚。因此,为了解钙信号如何在蓝藻中发挥作用,还要进行系统的、深入的研究,特别是从细胞水平了解钙信号的动力学特征。     

磷矿石中磷、钙、镁、锶、氟测定方法评述

本文系统分析了磷矿石高含量磷、钙、镁、锶、氟诸元素存在时对其测定的相互影响及其测定中存在的问题,比较全面地总结了国内分析工作者针对该问题,对诸难测元素在常规分析方法方面的工作进展。     

浙江省衢州市上方镇重钙方解石矿工艺指标影响因素

重质碳酸钙的白度和色相值(Lab)是最重要的工业指标,但影响因素尚不清楚.本文通过扫描电镜、粉晶X射线衍射(XRD)和电感耦合等离子体发射光谱(ICP-OES)等分析手段,对浙江衢州上方镇的重钙方解矿石进行了研究,以期阐明重质碳酸钙白度和色相的影响因素.结果表明,矿石随研磨粒度的减小白度逐渐增加,在100～400目,白...     

Freshwater snail communities and lake classification. An example from the Åland Islands, southwestern Finland

The freshwater snail fauna in 51 lakes on the Åland Islands was investigated. By means of cluster analysis it appears that lakes may be divided into four groups on the basis of snail species composition. The lakes of the four groups show a spatial distribution which is related to topographical differences, terrestrial vegetation and land use. Snails may be divided on the basis of water hardness into hard water species and calcium indifferent species or into demanding and modest/indifferent species when clustering is based on presence/absence.