动态监测变化信息提取

在土地利用遥感动态监测变化信息提取过程中,利用自动发现方法得到的变化图斑灰度值是分布在一定范围内的,为了能高效地提取出区域变化信息,利用Photoshop图像处理技术,将变化图斑及其背景二值化,并利用本文提出的似四邻域边界矢量化算法进行自动矢量化处理.然后,对比其它方法处理得到的变化信息对提取的矢量边界进行编辑处理,提高数据室内处理精度.     

力幅突变激扰作用的岩石边坡动力敏感性研究

动载荷作用引起岩石边坡失稳破坏,尤其力幅突变激扰作用对边坡稳定影响很大。对动、静载荷作用下岩石力学性质进行了分析,建立了岩石边坡非线性运动方程,分析了岩石边坡动力变形模型及非线性动力响应,得出当扰动频率增加到一定程度,滑体振幅突然增加,产生向上突跳并随力幅的增加继续增加;反之,当力幅较大并逐渐减小时,滑体振幅也随之减小,当扰动的振幅减小至一定程度,滑体振幅突然降低,产生向下突跳减小。对初始条件和力幅突变激扰对岩石力学非线性振动系统的影响进行了分析,得到初始条件的微小变化可引起系统响应的巨大差异,当振幅A极小时,线性系统的振荡很弱,它对非线性系统的作用也很弱,整个系统的运动便可看作两运动的独立叠加。当振幅A再加大到使其幅值超过非线性系统三奇点之间的间隔时,系统可以在这些奇点之间来回跃迁振荡,从而运动复杂化,随振幅A的增加,系统从倍周期运动向混运动变化,研究结果可为岩石边坡的动力稳定提供指导。     

高速铁路客站模态特征分析与阻尼模型的注记

针对"房桥合一"高速铁路客站质量、刚度分布严重不均匀、不同阻尼比构件繁多等特点,对其模态特征和用于时程法阻尼模型的确定进行了研究。通过位能加权激励原理和位能公式的阐述、天津西站II区的模态分析与振型分解时程法的应用,并以此为标准进行了5种不同瑞利阻尼比例系数时程法的响应比较。结果表明:位能加权法激励为各模态的振型响应,求得阻尼为振型阻尼,结构模态质量累计数突变发生在第9阶,选择第1,9阶振型确定的瑞利阻尼比例系数较合理。振型分解时程法的振型阻尼可基于振型响应的位能加权法确定,直接时程法的瑞利阻尼宜选择第1阶与模态质量累计数发生突变的振型来确定,可供结构设计与分析参考。     

无填充墙基础隔震RC框架在环境激励下的动力特性

对一基础隔震钢筋混凝土框架结构在无填充墙情况下进行了环境激励下的动力测试,重点利用Hilbert-Huang变换与随机减量技术相结合的方法识别了其模态参数,并与随机子空间识别法、有理分式多项式法识别的结果进行了对比。识别结果表明在环境激励下,基础隔震结构的基本周期远小于多遇和罕遇地震工况下设计计算的基本周期;等效黏滞阻尼比很小,近乎于基础固定模型。对隔震层阻尼特性的分析表明,环境激励下可以将基础隔震结构视为经典的比例阻尼系统。进一步以识别的模态参数为基准,采用优化的方法数值反演了环境激励下该结构隔震层的实际水平等效刚度,结果表明其值为多遇地震下计算刚度取值的10.75倍。     

A new approach to measurement of regional inequality in particular directions

Regional inequality is a core issue in geography,and it can be measured by several approaches and indexes.However,the global inequality measures can not reflect regional characteristics in terms of spatiality and non-mobility,as well as correctly explore regional inequality in particular directions.Although conventional between-group inequality indexes can measure the inequality in particular directions,they can not reflect the reversals of regional patterns and changes of within-group patterns.Therefore,we set forth a new approach to measure regional inequality in particular directions,which is applicable to geographic field.Based on grouping,we established a new index to measure regional inequality in particular directions named Particular Direction Inequality index(PDI index),which is comprised of between-group inequality of all data and between-group average gap.It can reflect regional spatiality and non-mobility,judge the main direction of regional inequality,and capture the changes and reversals of regional patterns.We used the PDI index to measure the changes of regional inequality from 1952 to 2009 in China.The results show that:1) the main direction of China’s regional inequality was between coastal areas and inland areas;the increasing extent of inequality between coastal areas and inland areas was higher than the global inequality;2) the PDI index can measure the between-region average gap,and is more sensitive to evolution of within-region patterns;3) the inequality between the northern China and the southern China has been decreasing from 1952 to 2009 and was reversed in 1994 and 1995.     

A pushover procedure for seismic assessment of buildings with bi-axial eccentricity under bi-directional seismic excitation

A new modal pushover procedure is proposed for seismic assessment of asymmetric-plan buildings under bi-directional ground motions. Although the proposed procedure is a multi-mode procedure and the effects of the higher and torsional modes are considered, the simplicity of the pushover procedure is kept and the method requires only a single-run pushover analysis for each direction of excitation. The effects of the frequency content of a specific ground motion and the interaction between modes at each direction are all considered in the single-run pushover analysis. For each direction, the load pattern is derived from the combined modal story shear and torque profiles. The pushover analysis is conducted independently for each direction of motion (x and y), and then the responses due to excitation in each direction are combined using SRSS (Square Roots of Sum of Squares) combination rule. Accuracy of the proposed procedure is evaluated through two low- and medium-rise buildings with 10% two-way eccentricity under different pairs of ground motions. The results show promising accuracy for the proposed method in predicting the peak seismic responses of the sample buildings.     

Vibration control of piled-structures through structure-soil-structure-interaction

This paper deals with the vibration control of existing structures forced by earthquake induced ground motion. To this aim it is proposed for the first time to exploit the structure–soil–structure mechanism to develop a device, hosted in the soil but detached from the structure, able to absorb part of the seismic energy so to reduce the vibration of neighbourhood structures. The design of the device is herein addressed to protect monopile structures from earthquake induced ground motion. By modelling the ground motion as zero-mean quasi-stationary response-spectrum-compatible Gaussian stochastic process, the soil as visco-elastic medium and the target monopiled-structure as a linear behaving structure the device, herein called Vibrating Barrier (ViBa), has been designed through an optimization procedure. Various numerical and experimental results are produced to show the effectiveness of the ViBa. Remarkably, a significant reduction of the structural response up to 44% has been achieved.     

STC加筋砂水平循环剪切与竖向激振特性试验研究

随着中国汽车工业的发展,大量废旧轮胎带来的"黑色污染"问题日益显著。提出一种采用废旧轮胎柱(Scrap tire columns,STC)的加筋土结构,并初步探究其作为基础减隔振材料的可行性。通过室内水平循环剪切试验和竖向激振试验研究STC加筋砂(STCRS)的水平循环剪切和竖向激振特性。结果表明,最大剪应变为1%时STCRS的等效阻尼比未加筋前增加约10%,等效动剪切模量减小20%~25%,水平向减振性能得以提高;STCRS的竖向加速度衰减呈现出速度快、幅值大的特点,竖向减振效果较未加筋砂显著提高。STC加筋砂作为基础减振材料是可行的,且为原形废旧轮胎的资源化利用提供新思路。     

我国生态系统研究的发展趋势与优先领域

进入21世纪以来,生态系统研究取得了重要进展,在国际上形成了一系列的研究热点,包括生物多样性与生态系统功能、生态系统管理、生态风险与生态安全、全球变化的生态响应与效应等,表现出向着机理深化、多尺度系统监测与模拟、社会经济自然综合评价与管理对策等多维方向发展的总体趋势。中国的资源环境问题已经成为经济社会发展所面临的重要挑战。为应对挑战,我国已经开展了大规模生态保护、生态恢复重建等方面的生态工程,从而对生态系统研究提出了一系列亟待解决的科学问题。在综合分析中国国情和国际学术研究前沿领域与发展趋势的基础上,本文提出了我国未来生态系统研究的优先领域和重点方向。     

苏北盆地昌荣区块地震采集实验研究——基于双井微测井的表层调查

该文是在苏北盆地昌荣区块实施三维地震采集之前,对影响采集资料的一些因素所做试验的分析.选择工区内有代表性的两个试验点,利用双井微测井方法进行表层结构调查分析,结果表明工作区近地表为两层结构,确定了虚反射界面的深度;干扰波的调查分析为检波器的组合方式提供了依据;利用双井微测井的分析结果,对比不同井深、药量和组合井的试验,给出了适合工作区的激发参数,为野外生产提供了指导.