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441.
442.
煤与瓦斯突出的激发和发生条件 总被引:11,自引:1,他引:10
从影响煤与瓦斯突出的地应力、瓦斯、煤岩物理力学性质和地质构造因素出发,提出把煤与瓦斯突出的过程划分为突出源的形成发展、突出的激发和发生三个阶段。以南桐煤矿典型突出事故为例,用演绎法探讨了突出激发与发生的条件。结果表明,一切由振动产生的岩体裂隙和冲击载荷是导致煤与瓦斯突出的激发条件,并根据充瓦斯煤的损伤蠕变方程,得到了预测延期突出的时间。根据突出过程中的能量转换关系,得到了突出的起动速度和瓦斯临界压力表达式,对煤与瓦斯突出发生涉及的几个难点问题进行了讨论。揭示了煤与瓦斯突出的主要能量是瓦斯膨胀能,突出时喷出的瓦斯由多个来源的瓦斯组成,且地质构造区在采矿过程中容易形成有利于突出的源。 相似文献
443.
444.
数字编码技术在雷达、医学等方面广泛成功应用使得将其引入地震探测中成为可能。本文为将数字编码技术引入地震探测中,进行了岩石物性成像仿真实验。首先讨论了编码超声成像原理,分析了编码技术的规律和特点。其次通过激励Golay码,利用FieldⅡ软件包进行了岩石物性超声成像的仿真,并比较了仿真结果的成像分辨率。结果表明,编码技术是提高超声成像质量的有效方法。结果可用于指导野外编码地震探测。 相似文献
445.
以动力文克尔地基梁模型为基本理论,在改进了Gazetas均质土中的桩-土-桩相互作用三步法计算模式的基础上,运用分层传递技术,导出了层状地基中群桩在轴、横多向受力条件下的力与位移动力相互关系的显示表达,提出了桩顶谐振作用条件下计算层状介质中动力相互作用因子的新方法,以相对简明的方式阐述了桩顶轴力对群桩水平动力效应的影响,并以此来寻求频域动载下的基桩变位及其内力规律,较为全面地揭示群桩振动特性。 相似文献
446.
J. Höpfner 《Journal of Geodesy》2003,77(7-8):388-401
Compared to the Chandler and annual wobbles, the higher-frequency components of polar motion (PM) have substantially smaller amplitudes. Therefore, their study has had to wait until higher-quality time series with high temporal resolution, as measured by space geodetic techniques, have become available. Based on the combined Earth orientation series SPACE99 computed by the Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) from 1976 to 2000 at daily intervals, the periodic PM terms, in particular at the quasi-biennial, 300-day, semi-Chandler, semi-annual, 4-month, 90-day, 2-month and 1.5-month periods, have been separated by band-pass filtering and it has been found that the persistence of oscillations becomes less with increasing frequency. In order to quantify and better describe the parameter variability of these PM components over time, the radii, direction angles and period lengths were computed from the periodic terms filtered out from the time series. The results clearly show the characteristics and time evolution of the periodic PM components. The largest elliptic oscillation is the semi-annual wobble with a maximum semi-major axis of up to 13 mas (milliarc seconds). The other wobbles are smaller. They have maximum semi-major axes of between 3 and 8 mas. If the oscillations have period lengths of 4 months and less, then they are elapsed not only progradly, but also retrogradly.
AcknowledgementsThis paper was presented at the 27th General Assembly of the European Geophysical Society in Nice, France, 22–26 April 2002. Thanks go to Kevin Fleming for his linguistic advice. The author would also like to thank Barbara Koaczek for suggesting some valuable improvements. 相似文献
447.
Local measurement for structural health monitoring 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Localized nature of damage in structures requires local measurements for structural health monitoring. The local measurement means to measure the local, usually higher modes of the vibration in a structure. Three fundamental issues about the local measurement for structural health monitoring including (1) the necessity of making local measurement, (2) the difficulty of making local measurement and (3) how to make local measurement are addressed in this paper. The results from both the analysis and the tests show that the local measurement can successfully monitor the structural health status as longas the local mod es are excited. Unfortunately, the results also illustrate that it is difficult to excite local modes in a structure. Therefore, in order to carry structural health monitoring into effect, we must ( 1 ) ensure that the local modes are excited, and (2) deploy enough sensors in a structure so that the local modes can be monitored. 相似文献
448.
Short-term forecast of the polar motion is considered by introducing a prediction model for the excitation function that drives the polar motion dynamics. The excitation function model consists of a slowly varying trend, periodic modes with annual and several sub-annual frequencies (down to the 13.6-day fortnightly tidal period), and a transient decay function with a time constant of 1.5 days. Each periodic mode is stochastically specified using a second-order auto-regression process, allowing its frequency, phase, and amplitude to vary in time within a statistical tolerance. The model is used to time-extrapolate the excitation function series, which is then used to generate a polar motion forecast dynamically. The skills of this forecast method are evaluated by comparison to the C-04 polar motion series. Over the lead-time horizon of four months, the proposed method has performed equally well to some of the state-of-art polar motion prediction methods, none of which specifically features forecasting of the excitation function. The annual mode in the 2 component is energetically the most dominant periodicity. The modes with longer periods, annual and semi-annual in particular, are found to contribute more significantly to forecast accuracy than those with shorter periods. 相似文献
449.
Regina M.B.O. Duarte Casimiro A. Pio Armando C. Duarte 《Journal of Atmospheric Chemistry》2004,48(2):157-171
Three-dimensional excitation–emission matrix (EEM) fluorescence spectra of water-soluble organic compounds (WSOC) from aerosol samples were measured and compared with those reported in the literature for natural dissolved organic matter. The EEM profiles of the WSOC presented three characteristic excitation/emission (Exc/Em) peaks: 240/405 nm, 310/405 nm and 280/340 nm. The fluorescence intensities at Exc/Em240/405 nm and Exc/Em310/405 nm are located at wavelengths shorter than those reported for aquatic humic substances, indicating a smaller content of both aromatic structures and condensed unsaturated bond systems in the WSOC fraction. The EEM profiles of fractions obtained by the isolation procedure of the WSOC by the XAD resins showed that a fractionation has occurred and the XAD-8 eluate is highly representative of the total WSOC of collected aerosol. Synchronous scan spectra were more detailed than conventional fluorescence emission spectra, appearing more suitable for studying multicomponent samples such as the WSOC from atmospheric aerosols. 相似文献
450.
Y. Y. Kagan 《Geophysical Journal International》1987,90(1):1-34
Summary. We construct a catalogue of all possible elementary point sources for static deformation in an elastic solid. the familiar double-couples, CLVD's, centres of compression and dilatation, etc., are all members of the complete catalogue. the sources are classified according to the rank of the seismic moment tensor, and according to the weight (or order) of the irreducible tensor representation of the 3-D rotation group. These sources can be classified as belonging to one of three general classes. the static excitation functions are calculated for an infinite, homogeneous, isotropic medium for all these sources. We show that, except for sources belonging to these three general classes, all other sources — which are numerous for the tensors of high rank — are null static sources. That is, sources that do not produce any static displacement outside of the source region. Due to the presence of null sources, an inversion of the static deformation data is non-unique. the expansion of the equivalent-force tensors and the stress glut tensors (or seismic moment tensors) into a set of the symmetric trace-free source tensors is proposed. the sources corresponding to seismic moment tensors of the second, third and fourth ranks are considered in more detail. We identify the third-rank sources with rotational dislocations or disclinations. 相似文献