陕西省GNSS连续观测系统建设与应用

全球卫星导航定位系统（GNSS）的出现使得GPS连续运行参考站网络逐渐成为主流的形变监测手段。为了推进陕西地区构造环境变化规律的认识,兼顾大地测量、气象预报以及国民经济建设等方面,陕西省地震局组织建设了陕西省GNSS连续观测系统。本文介绍了陕西省GNSS连续观测系统的构成,对基准网、网络通信系统、数据中心等三个主要组成部分的具体架构进行了详细叙述,最后对GNSS连续数据在地震监测预报中的应用做了简要介绍,今后将把系统广泛应用于国土、测绘等相关行业。     

‘WHY FAMILIES MOVE’: A RE-EXAMINATION

Abstract

This study examines the role of surface geomorphic features in tree establishment at the alpine treeline in Glacier National Park, Montana, through the presentation of a multiscale, conceptual model of biogeomorphic relationships at alpine treeline. Empirical observations gathered through a multiscale field methodology over three summers serve as a base for the model. The model highlights the importance of surface geomorphic features, specifically boulders and terrace risers, in creating favorable local site conditions, largely by protecting seedlings from wind. The sheltering effect of surface features enables initial seedling establishment, and in some cases survival, above current treeline locations, thereby initiating a positive feedback effect that encourages subsequent tree establishment. Geomorphic features are therefore important in linking scales of pattern and process at the alpine treeline ecotone.     

Populus nigra L. establishment and fluvial landform construction: biogeomorphic dynamics within a channelized river

Populations of the riparian pioneer species Populus nigra L. which establish on alluvial bars within river channels modulate sediment dynamics and fluvial landforms. Dense cohorts of P. nigra have colonized gravel point bars along the channelized River Garonne, France, during the last 20 years and have enhanced the vertical, lateral and longitudinal development of the bars. For this period, the geomorphic characteristics of two wooded point bars on this laterally stable river are closely linked to the spatial distribution and intensity of establishment and resistance of different cohorts of P. nigra. Furthermore, P. nigra colonization dynamics were controlled by engineer effects of this same species. This relationship is illustrated by a significant correlation between key geomorphic and biological variables measured in situ and characterized with a set of four aerial photographs taken between 2000 and 2010. The development of wooded point bars, which are discrete biogeomorphic units, over the studied period, appear to result from a specific biogeomorphic positive feedback of matter aggregation and vegetation establishment related to sediment trapping and stabilization by pioneer engineer plants. We propose a conceptual model of biogeomorphic unit construction for channelized, lateral stable rivers. We consider the resultant biogeomorphic units as functional from an ecological point of view because P. nigra enhances at the cohort scale (i) its own inherent capacity to resist hydrogeomorphic disturbances, and (ii) its resilience capacity as a result of successful colonization, especially downstream of mature poplar stands. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

First evidence of a massive recruitment event in Posidonia oceanica: Spatial variation in first-year seedling abundance on a heterogeneous substrate

A recruitment event of Posidonia oceanica was recorded in the Gulf of Ventilegne (Corsica, Western Mediterranean) in June 2005. One-year seedlings (alive and dead) were found at shallow depth (2–3 m) on a mix of rock and sand substrates. Pattern in the distribution of seedlings was examined over spatial scales ranging from centimetres to hundreds of metres. We also examined (a) whether establishment was preferentially associated with a specific substrate type; (b) the relation between proportional mortality and the density of established seedlings; and (c) the growth characteristics of seedlings. The average density of seedlings varied from 19 to 189 seedlings m⁻², with a maximum of 480 seedlings m⁻². While significant variation was detected at the scale of area (i.e., tens of metres), no difference was found in abundance of seedlings at the scale of sites (i.e., hundreds of metres). Most of the overall variability was, however, at on the smallest scale examined (i.e., among sampling units tens of centimetres apart). No differences were also observed in the establishment probability and seedling abundance between sand and rock substrates. The fine scale analysis of spatial patterns on rock and sand substrates showed a clumped distribution of seedlings. These results indicated that the spatial distribution of seedlings was not random, but organized at small spatial scales within the study sites. Hydrodynamics and micro-scale bottom features appeared to account for such patterning. Proportional seedling mortality was highly variable (ranging from 0.3 to 0.8), and tended to increase with increasing settlement density. A total of 128,000 seedlings were recoded over the 1600 m² surface area investigated. Such event reflected conspicuous seed supply and particularly favourable local conditions. This finding contradicts the current statement of low recruitment ability of P. oceanica and indicates that the species can recruit both on consolidated and unconsolidated substrates, at least in the study area.     

东亚夏季风对山西省夏季降水的影响

利用NCEP1948～2007年逐日再分析资料、中国600站1960～2007年逐月降水资料和山西省1960～2007年65个测站的逐月、逐日降水资料,确立了850hPa112.5°E上候平均的假相当位温(θse)为340K和候平均的经向风为南风且南风风速≥2.5m·s-1等值线同时通过35°N的日期,将其作为山西省夏季风建立的时间,以θse≥340K的持续候数与平均持续候数相比的标准化值构造为东亚夏季风对山西省影响的强度指数I,可以较好地表征东亚季风区夏季风的强度和降水的空间分布,也可以较好地反映山西省夏季降水的强度和空间分布。该季风指数的年代际变化特征和线性趋势表明,自20世纪70年代以来东亚夏季风对山西省的影响有明显减弱的趋势,并且在1967年季风指数突变性地由强变弱。对山西省夏季风的建立和撤退时间的分析表明,近60年来东亚夏季风对山西省的影响时间越来越短。最后,分析了强弱夏季风指数年大气环流场的异常特征。     

现代城镇地籍数据库建设及相关问题研究

根据城镇地籍数据库建设的实际工作阐述了地籍数据库建设的一般过程和方法,分析了目前城镇地籍管理系统建设各环节和应用中存在的问题,并在此基础上对下一代城镇地籍管理系统中的功能设计和相关问题做了讨论,对地籍数据的长效应用和今后地籍系统的发展做了浅述.     

湖南芙蓉锡矿的地质地球化学特征及找矿意义

珍珠山群是发育在扬子板块与华夏板块拼接带东段之婺源－乐平地区的一套中元古代蓟县纪变质深海浊积岩－火山岩组合，自下而上可进一步划分为佛子坑组，鄣山组，周溪组，中洲组，火山活动呈现由弱－强－弱的演化规律，岩石化学特征反映其大地构造环境属火山岛弧或活动边缘盆地，其层位与弧后盆地双桥山群修水组，溪口群，弧间盆地诸家群，铜厂岩群，张村岩群，火山岛弧双溪坞群相当，但岩性组合差异甚大，属同时异相产物，它们共同构成扬子陆缘的双列岛弧造山带模式，是中元古代末华夏板块与扬子板俯冲－碰撞造山的结果，珍珠山群的建立，为华南中元古代板块碰撞提供了新的证据。     

TBB DATA-REVEALED FEATURES OF ASIAN-AUSTRALIAN MONSOON SEASONAL TRANSITION AND ASIAN SUMMER MONSOOM ESTABLISHMENT

Based on T_BB data from Meteorological Institute Research of Japan, study is carried out of the features of seasonal transition of Asian-Australian monsoons and Asian summer monsoon establishment,indicating that the transition begins as early as in April, followed by abrupt change in May-June; the Asian summer monsoon situation is fully established in June. The winter convective center in Sumatra moved steadily northwestward across the "land bridge" of the maritime continent and the Indo-China Peninsula as time goes from winter to summer, thus giving rise to the change in large scale circulations that is responsible for the summer monsoon establishment over SE Asia and India; the South China Sea to the western Pacific summer monsoon onset bears a close relation to the active convection in the Indo China Peninsula and steady eastward retreat of the subtropical TBB high-value band,corresponding to the western Pacific subtropical high.     

地质资料馆网站建设的途径及分析

地质资料馆网站建设的意义重大,全国各省局地质资料馆网站建设的条件已经具备,阐述网站建设的基本程序。调查分析了省市级三个地质资料馆网站的建设基本情况,得出结论并提出建议。     

Development of an establishment scheme for a DGVM

Environmental changes are expected to shift the distribution and abundance of vegetation by determining seedling establishment and success. However, most current ecosystem models only focus on the impacts of abiotic factors on biogeophysics (e.g., global distribution, etc.), ignoring their roles in the population dynamics (e.g., seedling establishment rate, mortality rate, etc.) of ecological communities. Such neglect may lead to biases in ecosystem population dynamics (such as changes in population density for woody species in forest ecosystems) and characteristics. In the present study, a new establishment scheme for introducing soil water as a function rather than a threshold was developed and validated, using version 1.0 of the IAP-DGVM as a test bed. The results showed that soil water in the establishment scheme had a remarkable influence on forest transition zones. Compared with the original scheme, the new scheme significantly improved simulations of tree population density, especially in the peripheral areas of forests and transition zones. Consequently, biases in forest fractional coverage were reduced in approximately 78.8% of the global grid cells. The global simulated areas of tree, shrub, grass and bare soil performed better, where the relative biases were reduced from 34.3% to 4.8%, from 27.6% to 13.1%, from 55.2% to 9.2%, and from 37.6% to 3.6%, respectively. Furthermore, the new scheme had more reasonable dependencies of plant functional types (PFTs) on mean annual precipitation, and described the correct dominant PFTs in the tropical rainforest peripheral areas of the Amazon and central Africa.