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991.
An MS 6.4 earthquake occurred in Yangbi, Yunnan province, on May 21, 2021. According to related investigations, the macro-epicenter of the earthquake is 6 km northwest of Yangbi County, and the seismogenic structure is the NW-trending Weixi-Qiaohou fault. The earthquake area is located in the hinterland of the Hengduan Mountains in the northwest of Yunnan province, a region dominated by high and medium-high mountains, with deep canyons and tectonic basins in between. Various geomorphic features are derived from drastic topographic changes and huge geological differences in the earthquake area. There are a variety of buildings in the earthquake-affected zone, including civil and brick-wood structures ones with weak seismic performance, as well as brick-concrete and frame ones with better seismic performance. This paper summarizes and analyzes different characteristics of the earthquake in different geomorphic units through field investigations of different buildings and geological disasters in the affected area. The results show that under the same earthquake intensity, the damage to most buildings (located in slope areas or rooted in weak strata) is amplified by the earthquake. The earthquake has exerted an obvious propagation effect along the direction of the seismogenic structure. Moreover, local ground fissures will aggravate the damage to the buildings even without surface dislocation. Thus, we suggest that attention should be paid to the ground fissures caused by the slope effect. The fissure areas may also be the disaster spot of collapses and landslides in case of a high-magnitude earthquake. 相似文献
992.
汶川震区暴雨泥石流激发雨型特征 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
汶川地震后暴雨诱发的泥石流不断增加,通过收集整理降雨资料,分析汶川震区不同地域泥石流暴发的激发雨强及前期有效累计降雨量变化过程,揭示震区暴雨泥石流的激发雨型特征,为暴雨泥石流的预报提供科学依据。研究结果表明,汶川震区的暴雨泥石流激发雨型可分为短期突然降雨型、中期持续降雨型和长期间断降雨型3种类型,主要表现为引发泥石流的激发雨强及前期有效累计降雨量的不同。暴雨泥石流的形成机制体现为降雨导致流域内松散土体渗透、饱和及侵蚀移动的过程。激发雨型与激发雨强及前期有效累计降雨量存在相关关系,短期突然降雨型的激发雨强最大,前期有效累计降雨量最少;中期持续降雨型的激发雨强居中,前期有效累计降雨量最多;长期间断降雨型的激发雨强最小,前期有效累计降雨量居中。对四川茂县叠溪镇新磨村突发山体高位垮塌碎屑流进行验证,初步判定是由长期间断降雨型引发岩体抗剪强度降低而引起的。对不同激发雨型特征的研究能够为汶川震区泥石流监测预警提供科学依据。 相似文献
993.
探明强降雨下泥沙输移突增的关键特征因子及其临界条件对预防泥沙灾害及减少水土流失将起到至关重要的作用。选取典型的四川紫色土试验区鹤鸣观小流域为研究对象,采用数据分类统计对比分析方法,对试验站近10年降雨径流输沙资料进行分析,研究强降雨情况下次降雨量、降雨强度和降雨历时等对泥沙输移突增的影响,找出导致泥沙输移突增的关键特征因子及其临界条件。研究结果表明:四川紫色土区强降雨情况下泥沙输移突增的关键特征因子为次降雨量、降雨强度以及最大径流模数;同时各关键因子的临界值分别为降雨强度5.3 mm/h,次降雨量130 mm,以耕作方式为主的坡地最大径流模数临界值为6 000 dm3/(km2·s),以种植林草为主的坡地最大径流模数临界值为3 000 dm3/(km2·s)。 相似文献
994.
995.
贵州省不同地貌形态类型土壤侵蚀强度变化的定量分析 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
如何揭示不同地貌形态类型区土壤侵蚀强度变化,尤其是在生态环境比较脆弱的喀斯特区域,是地方生态保护战略实施亟需研究的关键问题之一。本文基于ALOS、ZY-3、GF-1、Landsat和GDEMV2遥感影像数据,以及2762条野外采样验证数据,参照国家在喀斯特与非喀斯特地区土壤侵蚀不同分类标准,实现10 m×10 m分辨率的贵州省2010年和2015年土壤侵蚀空间信息数据提取。进而结合贵州省地貌数据,通过构建贵州省土壤侵蚀的时空分析模型,实现对不同地貌形态类型,尤其是喀斯特区域和非喀斯特区域的土壤侵蚀强度的时空变化进行定量分析。结果显示:在2010—2015年,贵州省中—高海拔区域土壤侵蚀变化的动态度高于低海拔区域,土壤侵蚀强度总体呈下降趋势,下降总面积达6468.13 km2。喀斯特区域的土壤侵蚀变化广度高于非喀斯特区域的土壤侵蚀变化广度,而且变化趋势基本上是从高一级的侵蚀强度向低一级的侵蚀强度变化。高盆地、中山、高中山土壤侵蚀强度减弱趋势明显高于其他地貌类型的趋势,但高中山仍是喀斯特与非喀斯特区土壤侵蚀增强变化较为明显的区域。这说明自21世纪以来,在贵州喀斯特区域实施的生态修复工程和生态环境保护政策在土壤侵蚀防治过程中发挥了主导性作用,在今后贵州省进行土壤侵蚀防治的过程中,除了喀斯特区域的防治外,还需要同时注意非喀斯特区域的防治。 相似文献
996.
Ali Mamtimin Yu Wang Hajigul Sayit Xing Hua Yang Fan Yang Wen Huo Chenglong Zhou Lili Jin 《地球表面变化过程与地形》2021,46(12):2365-2378
As the largest fixed and semi-fixed desert in China, the Gurbantünggüt Desert undergoes a long period of snow cover in the winter and the rapid growth of ephemeral plants in the spring, presenting obvious seasonal changes in the underlying desert surface type, which can lead to variation in the turbulence of the near-surface boundary layer turbulence over the desert. In this study, gradient tower data and eddy covariance data from 2017 were analysed to investigate the turbulence characteristics of the different surface boundary layers in the hinterland of the Gurbantünggüt Desert. The results indicate that stable atmospheric conditions in the desert occur exclusively during the early morning and at night in the desert, and the onset and duration of this stable state varies seasonally. Two regimes of intermittent turbulence occur during the night, a weak turbulent regime that occurs when the wind speed is less than the threshold and a strong turbulent regime when the wind speed exceeds the threshold, and different wind speed thresholds were observed at each level. These parameters follow a seasonal pattern of summer (July) > spring (April) > autumn (October) > winter (January) in terms of magnitude. The mean turbulence intensities of the along-wind, cross-wind and vertical wind are 0.5, 0.47 and 0.14, respectively, with Iu > Iv > Iw. The normalized standard deviation of the wind velocity components (σu, σv and σw) generally satisfies a 1/3 power-law relation. Our results show that the night-time turbulence regime classification for the Gurbantünggüt Desert strongly depends on meteorological and orographic features, and the intermittent turbulent events have the non-stationarity of the flow in common. The results can contribute to the study of land surface processes, climate change and desertification in inland arid desert areas. 相似文献
997.
998.
王圣尧 《测绘与空间地理信息》2013,36(7):54-56
目前,机载激光雷达数据的高程精度一般在10~20 cm,平面精度为0.5~1 m,所以大多学者和生产厂家关注高程精度较多,故而高程精度的评价方法相对成熟,而平面精度的评价方法则有待完善。本文介绍的几种方法,立足于实际工作中发现的问题,具体情况具体分析,旨在能寻求最接近平面精度真值的表达方法,为将来平面精度评价成熟而通用的方法寻求道路。 相似文献
999.
1000.
Abstract The instantaneous unit hydrograph (IUH) of a watershed is the result of one instantaneous unit of rainfall excess distributed uniformly over the watershed. Although the geomorphological characteristics of the basin remain relatively constant, the variable characteristics of storms cause variations in the shape of the resulting hydrographs. It is, therefore, inadequate to use one typical IUH to represent the hydrological response generated from any specific storm. In this study, a variable IUH was derived that directly reflects the time-varying rainfall intensity during storms. The rainfall intensity used to generate the variable IUH at time t is the mean rainfall intensity occurring from the time t—T c to t in which T c is the watershed time of concentration. Hydrological records from three watersheds in Taiwan were used to demonstrate the applicability of the proposed model. The results show that better simulations can be obtained by using the proposed model than by using the conventional unit hydrograph method, especially for concentrated rainstorm cases. 相似文献