Estimates of changes in design rainfall values for Canada

Annual maximum rainfall data from 51 stations in Canada were analyzed for trends and changes by using the Mann–Kendall trend test and a bootstrap resampling approach, respectively. Rainfall data were analyzed for nine durations ranging from 5 min to 24 h. The data analyzed are typically used in the development of intensity‐duration‐frequency (IDF) curves, which are used for estimating design rainfall values that form an input for the design of critical water infrastructure. The results reveal more increasing than decreasing trends and changes in the data with more increasing changes and larger changes, noted for the longer rainfall durations. The results also indicate that a traditional trend test may not be sufficient when the interest is in identifying changes in design rainfall quantiles. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

采用sPn震相确定甘肃岷县M>4.0地震震源深度

通过对甘肃岷县2013年7月3个M>4.0地震震相的细致分析,认为在震中距大于250km时四川数字地震台网部分台站可记录到较为清晰的sPn震相。采用sPn和Pn震相确定震源深度的方法分别对岷县3个地震的震源深度进行了重新计算,得到了较为精确的地震震源深度。     

彝良5.7、5.6级地震烈度分布及烈度异常区震害特征初步分析

根据彝良5.7、5.6级地震现场震害调查资料,介绍了地震烈度分布及各烈度区的震害特征;描述了两个烈度异常区17个点、4250户调查点的详细震害情况,对异常区震害特点进行了分析,并从地质构造、含煤地层、地形地貌及岩土性质、房屋建筑结构及质量等方面对震害异常原因进行了初步分析与探讨,提出了异常区恢复重建需考虑的不利因素.     

Preliminary results of strong ground motion simulation for the Lushan earthquake of 20 April 2013, China

The earthquake occurred in Lushan County on 20 April, 2013 caused heavy casualty and economic loss. In order to understand how the seismic energy propagates during this earthquake and how it causes the seismic haz- ard, we simulated the strong ground motions from a rep- resentative kinematic source model by Zhang et al. （Chin J Geophys 56（4）：1408-1411, 2013） for this earthquake. To include the topographic effects, we used the curved grids finite difference method by Zhang and Chen （Geophys J Int 167（1）：337-353, 2006）, Zhang et al. （Geophys J Int 190（1）：358-378, 2012） to implement the simulations. Our results indicated that the majority of seismic energy con- centrated in the epicentral area and the vicinal Sichuan Basin, causing the XI and VII degree intensity. Due to the strong topographic effects of the mountain, the seismic intensity in the border area across the northeastern of Boxing County to the Lushan County also reached IX degree. Moreover, the strong influence of topography caused the amplifications of ground shaking at the moun- tain ridge, which is easy to cause landslides. These results are quite similar to those observed in the Wenchuan earthquake of 2008 occurred also in a strong topographic mountain area.     

为新区划图编制所建立的地震动衰减关系

介绍了建立新一代地震区划图所采用的地震动参数衰减关系的总体思路,并从资料、衰减关系分区、衰减关系模型、回归方法、转换等方面说明了地震动参数衰减关系的建立过程,给出了我国分区地震烈度和地震动参数衰减关系结果。新的地震动衰减关系的建立,具有如下特点:一是基于更加丰富可靠的强震记录和烈度资料;二是采用了具有大震近场饱和特征的地震动衰减模型;三是采用了使结果更加稳定的分步回归方法;四是在地震动衰减关系分区时考虑了地震活动性特征。与第四代地震区划图衰减关系相比,由于地震动衰减模型的变化和高震级强震记录的增加,高震级下的峰值加速度有所降低,而中强地震区的峰值加速度则在低震级时有所提高。     

COMMENTS ON “SPATIAL VARIATION OF HILLSLOPE PROFILES IN THE CUMBERLAND PLATEAU,KENTUCKY” BY EDMUND B. WOOOS

Book Reviewed in this article:

Main Street: Northeastern Oregon: The Founding and Development of Small Towns. Barbara Ruth Bailey.

Food Politics: The Regional Conflict. David N. Balaam and Michael J. Carey, eds.

The International Economy and Industrial Development: Trade and Investment in the Third World. R. Ballance, J. Ansari and H. Singer.

Neighborhoods in Urban America. Ronald H. Bayor, ed.

The English Heartland. By Robert Beckinsale and Monica Beckinsale.

Regional Dimensions of Industrial Policy. Michael E. Bell and Paul S. Lande, eds.

Tension Areas of the World. D. Gordon Bennett, ed.

Latin America: an Introductory Survey. B. W. Blouet and O. M. Blouet, eds.

Integration and Division: Geographical Perspectives on the Northern Ireland Problem. Frederick W. Boal and J. Neville H. Douglas, eds.

Energy and Land Use. Robert W. Burchell and David Listokin, eds.

Slopes and Weathering. Michael Clarke and John Small.

Alaska's Rural Development. Peter G. Cornwall and Gerald McBeath, eds.

The Politics of Park Design: A History of Urban Parks in America. Galen Cranz.

World Congress on Land Policy, 1980, Proceedings. Matthew Cullen and Sharon Woolery, eds.

Oregon Divided: A Regional Geography. Samuel N. Dicken and Emily F. Dicken.

Urban Food Marketing and Third World Rural Development. T. Scarlett Epstein.

South Africa: Spatial Frameworks for Development. T. J. D. Fair.

Institutions and Geographical Patterns. Robin Flowerdew, ed.

Industrialization of U.S. Agriculture, An Interpretive Atlas. Howard F. Gregor.

Planning Theory: Prospects for the 1980s. Patsy Healy, Glen McDougall and Michael J. Thomas, eds.

Neighborhood Mobilization: Redevelopment and Response. Jeffrey R. Henig.

The American Urban System: A Geographical Perspective. R. J. Johnston.

Climate, History and the Modern World. Hubert H. Lamb.

Climate and History: Studies in Past Climates and Their Impact on Man. T. M. L. Wigley, M. J. Ingram and G. Farmer.

China: Railways and Agricultural Development, 1875–1935. Ernest P. Liang.

A Desirable Energy Future—A National Perspective. Robert S. Livingston, T. D. Anderson, T. M. Besmann, M. Olszewski, A. M. Perry, and C. D. West.

Topothesia: Essays Presented to T. S. Ó Máille. B. S. Mac Aodha, ed.

Transportation for the Poor: Research in Rural Mobility. Hal S. Maggied.

Land Uses in American Cities. Harold M. Mayer and Charles R. Haves.

Industrial Organisation and Location. Philip McDermott and Michael Taylor.

Human Adaptability: an Introduction to Ecological Anthropology. Emilio F. Moran.

Regional Analysis and the New International Division of Labor. Frank Moulaert and Patricia W. Salinas, eds.

The Nuclear War Atlas. Victoriaville, Quebec, Canada:

Urbanization and Environmental Quality. Isao Orishimo.

The Garden of Eden: The Botanic Garden and the Re-Creation of Paradise. John Prest.

Earthfire, The Eruption of Mount St. Helens. Charles Rosenfeld and Robert Cooke.

Contest for the South China Sea. Marwyn S. Samuels.

The Future of the Wetlands: Assessing Visual-Cultural Values. Richard C. Smardon, ed.

Tucson: the Life and Times of An American City. C. L. Sonnichsen.

The Geography of Multinationals. Michael Taylor and Nigel Thrift, eds.

Impact of Marine Pollution on Society. Virginia Tippie and Dana Kester.

Reviving the Industrial City: the Politics of Urban Renewal in Lyon and Birmingham. Jerry A. Webman.

Andean Reflections: Letters from Carl O. Sauer While on a South American Trip under a Grant from the Rockefeller Foundation, 1942. Robert C. West, ed.

Cartographic Drawing with Computers. P. Yoeli.     

158kHz工作频率在煤层工作面坑透探测中的应用

目前使用的坑透仪工作频段主要集中在300kHz～1 500kHz,该频段对于工作面较宽的煤层或地质条件比较复杂的煤层存在穿透效果较差的缺点。对于大面宽综采工作面（〉200m）,需采用较低频率的坑透仪探测。在淮北某矿366综采工作面的无线电波透视中,选择工作频率158kHz进行测试。应用结果表明该工作频率可以成功圈出工作面存在的地质异常区域。通过与巷道已揭露地质质构造位置进行对比分析,158kHz频率比365kHz频率的探测成果对断层影响区的划分更加准确可靠,说明158KHz坑透对于较宽的工作面和地质条件复杂的煤层工作面探测效果较好。     

热带气旋对宁波降雨分布的影响分析

分析了1949～2008年间120个对宁波市造成影响热带气旋的年内分布情况,及其移动路径、强度变化对宁波市降雨分布的影响。结果表明:热带气旋的不同行进路径、不同登陆地点以及不同影响时间,直接影响宁波市降雨的时空分布及降雨的强度,分析的结果可以作为今后防台工作中相似预报的参考。     

成都市地震烈度速报台网建设与思考

汶川8级大地震后,因交通、通讯中断等多种原因,无法及时确定地震灾区受灾范围与震害程度,给党和政府指挥抗震救灾带来了困难,为此,成都市在实施灾后重建项目时,建立了以地震烈度速报为目标的地震烈度速报台网,在破坏性地震发生后,能快速获取灾区的受灾范围和破坏程度等重要信息,为抗震救灾提供科学决策依据。     

卫生填埋场防渗层工作性能的数值模型研究

粘土衬垫的防渗性能和吸附阻滞性能对卫生填埋场防渗系统工作性能有着重要影响。通过建立一维对流-弥散模型,分析了渗透系数、扩散系数、入渗强度、吸附能力对渗漏量及衬垫击穿时间的影响。考虑实际工程的复杂性,建立能反映土体分层、土体非均质性、地下水运动及宏观弥散等复杂因素影响的污染物运移二维分析模型,并对各参数的敏感性进行分析。计算结果表明,保持填埋场在低渗滤液水位下运行,对提高衬垫的防渗效果及耐久性有重要意义;受材料本身性质、施工质量等因素的影响,粘土衬垫的渗透系数变异性往往较大,渗透系数提高一个数量级时,衬垫击穿时间显著缩短;渗透系数恒定时,衬垫击穿时间与材料阻滞因子成线性变化关系;地下水分布及运动情况对污染物运移及分布有重要影响,地下水位越低,竖向入渗越明显,入渗区下部土体的吸附性能发挥越充分,到达地下水及下部土体的污染物浓度越低。