泥底辟输导流体机制及其与天然气水合物成藏的关系

摘要：详细阐述不同成因的泥底辟流体输导模式,探讨了泥底辟输导体系的演化与天然气水合物成藏之间的关系,并分析神狐海域泥底辟输导体系对天然气水合物成藏的影响。底辟核外部伴生断裂、底辟核内部流体压裂裂缝和边缘裂缝带均可作为输导流体的通道。根据运移通道和动力等差异性,提出泥底辟输导流体的2种端元模式：超压-流体压裂输导型和边缘构造裂缝输导型。在此基础上,讨论了泥底辟(泥火山)的不同演化阶段对水合物的形成、富集和分解的影响。早期阶段,泥底辟形成的运移通道可能未延伸到水合物稳定带,导致气源供给不够充分;中期阶段,水合物成藏条件匹配良好,利于天然气水合物生成;晚期阶段,泥火山喷发引起水合物稳定带的热异常,可能导致水合物分解,直至泥火山活动平静期,水合物再次成藏。神狐海域内泥底辟分为花冠状和穹顶状两类,花冠状泥底辟以超压-流体压裂输导型为主;穹顶状泥底辟以底辟边缘裂缝输导型为主。泥底辟输导体系的差异性可能是神狐海域天然气水合物非均质分布的影响因素之一。 关键词：泥底辟;输导体系;天然气水合物;成藏机制;神狐海域     

柴达木盆地西部新生界异常高压:分布、成因及对油气运移的控制作用

如同世界上其它新生代沉积盆地那样,柴达木盆地在一定深度,区域上普遍存在异常高压。异常高压出现在快速沉积的厚层泥质岩中,水热增压效应明显,而且在上新世末至今发生了强烈的以水平挤压为主的构造运动,因此异常高压的形成是由于不均衡压实作用和构造挤压作用所引起的压应力增大以及热液压力引起流体体积的变化。异常高压是油气运聚的一种重要动力来源:在油气运移中,可以使上覆封隔层产生大量微裂缝,油气向上运移到在较低压储集层中,也可以使封闭性断层开启,通过断层进行侧向运移。     

Preservation of coal-waste geochemical markers in vegetation and soil on self-heating coal-waste dumps in Silesia,Poland

Occurrence and distributions of geochemical markers on vegetation and in soils covering two self-heating coal waste dumps were investigated with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC–MS) and compared with those of bitumen expelled on the coal waste dump surface. Presence of biomarkers, alkyl aromatic hydrocarbons, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), and such polar compounds as phenols indicate that components of self-heating coal wastes indeed migrate to soils and plants surface and their characteristic fingerprints can be applied in passive monitoring to investigate migration of contaminants from self-heating coal wastes. Moreover, results allow to discriminate between the Upper- and Lower Silesian coal basins, notwithstanding value shifts caused by heating. Mechanisms enabling the migration of geochemical compounds into soils include mixing with weathered coal-waste material, transport in gases emitted due to self-heating and, indirectly, by deposition of biomass containing geochemical substances. Transport in gases involves mostly lighter compounds such as phenols, methylnaphthalenes, methylbiphenyls, etc. Distributions and values of geochemical ratios are related to differences in their boiling temperatures in the case of lighter compounds but preserve geochemical features in the case of heavier compounds such as pentacyclic trierpanes.     

油气二次运移研究进展述评

油气运移,尤其油气的二次运移是石油地质学研究的重要内容,同时也是一个薄弱环节。20世纪90年代以来,油气二次运移研究所取得的主要进展是:①对油气二次运移机理的认识有了很大提高;②油气二次运聚模拟实验设计更加科学,实验结果更为可信;③油气二次运聚数值模拟水平有了长足进步。深入的综合研究和油气运移聚集的三维可视化模拟是今后的研究方向。     

高放废物处置库天然类比及其有关的地球化学问题

介绍了高放废物处置库天然类比研究的主要内容,重点阐述了类比研究中涉及的地球化学问题,包括核素溶解度和化学形态研究、核素迁移速率研究、核素迁移影响因素研究,并总结相关问题研究取得的成果和认识.     

The distribution and geological significance of carbazole compounds in Silurian paleo-pools of the Tarim Basin,Northwest China

The results presented in this paper indicated that the carbazole-type compounds have high thermal stability and also show stability in oxidation and bio-degradation. This kind of compounds still has high concentrations and a complete distribution in the analyzed dry asphalt samples, showing that they are particularly useful in the study of hydrocarbon migration of the paleo-pools. The difference in the contents of nitrogen compounds in the Silurian dry asphalts from the Awati, Tabei and Tazhong areas is attributed to the difference in the extent of oxidation and （or） bio-degradation for the areas; the Awati and Tabei areas underwent relatively strong oxidation and bio-degradation. During the first stage of hydrocarbon pool formation in the Silurian system in the Tazhong and Tabei areas of the Tarim Basin （at the end of the Silurian period） and at the second stage in the Awati area （in Permian）, the hydrocarbons experienced a long-distance migration.     

Kirchhoff积分法叠前时间偏移技术在三江盆地XDLZ地区的应用

三江盆地前进坳陷XDLZ地区构造较复杂，以往开展的二维叠后时间偏移成像精度低和空间位置不够准确，为此进行了二维叠前时间偏移处理研究，分析了Kirchhoff积分法叠前时间偏移处理中关键环节技术参数（叠前去噪、振幅补偿、反褶积、静校正、均方根速度建模和偏移孔径选取）对研究区复杂构造成像的影响及处理技巧。通过叠前时间偏移和叠后时间偏移在该区的应用效果对比分析，Kirchhoff积分法叠前时间偏移处理结果包含地震信息更加丰富，深层复杂构造成像在同相轴的连续性和断层及断点空间位置更趋合理，成像相位和振幅误差较小，构造成图精度提高了约4％。     

叠前深度偏移述评

叠前深度偏移是理想的改善复杂地区和强横向速度变化的地震资料成像技术,笔者就4种典型叠前深度偏移方法的理论基础与技术特点,存在的问题及国内外最新进展进行了讨论.     

南海北部莺歌海盆地壳源型非生物CO2运聚成藏特征与资源潜力

南海北部莺歌海盆地壳源型非生物(无机)成因CO2运聚成藏机制独特、分布规律复杂、资源规模及潜力巨大,根据目前勘探及研究程度,其CO2资源量逾万亿立方米,勘探所获地质储量超过2000亿m3,居中国探明CO2地质储量之首,在世界范围亦是罕见的,故具有颇大的资源潜力与综合开发利用前景。CO2具明显的多重性,其不仅能广泛应用于国民经济及工农业生产中,而且是导致"厄尔尼诺"现象,严重影响生态环境的主要温室气体,因此,如何综合开发利用这种储量规模巨大的CO2资源,充分发挥其市场经济价值,促进国家经济建设,这是目前该区天然气勘探开发面临的重大科技攻关课题。     

羌塘盆地油气运移史探讨

西藏羌塘盆地是特提斯构造域巨型油气富集带中一个大型晚古生代-中生代海相残留盆地。本文根据羌塘盆地流体包裹体观察和测试资料,对流体包裹体的组合类型和特征进行了系统研究,定量地分析了晚三叠世-中侏罗世海相地层油气运移的期次,研究表明羌塘盆地晚三叠世-中侏罗世海相地层存在三次油气运移期。这为该区的成藏研究提供了重要依据。