乌兰布和沙漠北部地下水资源的环境同位素探讨

工作范围在乌兰布和沙漠北部,面积共约4200km2.年平均降水量85～140mm,由西南向东递增,降水同位素组成δD～δ18O恰与Craig线一致,并与阿拉善地区相同.测得地下水中同位素含量范围,δ18O为-74‰～121‰,氚为0～190TU,14C为17～97pMC.由地下水同位素组成区别出与降水线平行或相交的6种类型.从所有地下水水点,以及可能有补给关系的其它水点的各类同位素关系,包括δ18O,T,δ13C和pMC,识别出两类承压水的各3个补给源和潜水的3个补给源,并区别出一组氚含量极低的潜水,对不同位置的承压水和潜水,由其同位素关系估算出了各补给源的组成和变幅.     

Abundance,distribution, and feeding patterns of juvenile coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) in the Juan de Fuca Eddy

The Juan de Fuca Eddy is a seasonal, counter-clockwise gyre off the mouth of the Strait of Juan de Fuca between Washington, USA and British Columbia, Canada that may provide favorable feeding habitat for juvenile coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) during their early marine existence. In late September 2002, physical and biological sampling was conducted along two transects of the eddy region. Surface rope trawling was conducted to capture juvenile salmon and other nekton, along with bongo and neuston net tows to examine potential mesozooplanktonic salmon prey. Presence of the Juan de Fuca Eddy was confirmed with vertical water profiles. In addition, nutrient and chlorophyll a concentrations collected from 3-m depth were within the range observed in previous studies within the eddy region. In the mesozooplankton community, euphausiids, chaetognaths, and decapod megalopae were common. In the diet of juvenile coho salmon, euphausiids and decapod megalopae were dominant by percent number, and larval and juvenile fish were dominant by percent weight. Feeding intensity (percent body weight) based on stomach contents was variable, but not significantly different among stations. To compare the Juan de Fuca Eddy region with an upwelling area, we sampled along a transect off La Push (LP), Washington, USA which is south of the eddy. The eddy region was found to be less productive than the LP transect. Nutrients were lower, chlorophyll a concentrations were higher, and zooplankton abundance was generally higher along the LP transect than in the eddy region. In addition, more juvenile coho salmon were captured from the LP transect than the eddy region. Prey items in stomachs of salmon from the LP transect were heterogeneous compared to those from the eddy region. Feeding intensity along the LP transect was slightly lower and more variable than in the eddy region, and differences in feeding intensity among LP stations were significant. In addition, feeding intensities among stations nested within regions were significantly different.     

Effects of parasitism and environment on shell size of the South American intertidal mud snail Heleobia australis (Gastropoda)

The aim of this work was to evaluate the effects of parasitism and certain environmental factors on the shell size of Heleobia australis (Hydrobiidae, Cochliopinae). We report sporocysts and metacercariae of Microphallus simillimus (Microphallidae, Trematoda) parasitizing the gonad and digestive gland of H. australis specimens from two sites of Bahía Blanca estuary, Argentina. The prevalence of infection was significantly higher (34.17% in winter and 68.14% in late spring) in snails from the outer estuary at Site 2 than in those from the inner estuary at Site 1 (5.88% and 4.71% respectively). The only known definitive host for this digenean is the white-backed stilt Himantopus melanurus (Recurvirostridae, Aves), most abundant in the estuary during winter. Parasitism by M. simillimus causes variations in the shell dimensions of H. australis, the shells of infected snails being narrower than those of uninfected snails. Snails from Site 2 were found in general to be significantly smaller than those at Site 1, possibly as a result of differences in environmental factors such as the degree of exposure to wave energy, the allocation of energy to reproduction rather than growth (induced by predation and/or parasitic castrators) and anthropogenic stressors.     

一种削弱区域CORS站坐标时间序列非线性变化的方法

为削弱测站非线性变化对速度场模型和噪声模型的影响,提出一种EMD分解与环境负载改正相结合的方法,利用徐州区域10个CORS站近2 a(2016-06～2018-05)的时间序列对该方法进行验证.首先利用Bernese软件解算测站坐标时间序列,对去线性项的时间序列进行EMD分解,重构周期项和残差项;然后利用GFZ发布的环...     

Air Quality,Climate, and Policy: A Case Study of Ozone Pollution in Tucson,Arizona

This article addresses the need to better understand the complex interactions between climate, human activities, vegetation responses, and surface ozone so that more informed air-quality policy recommendations can be made. The impacts of intraseasonal climate variations on ozone levels in Tucson, Arizona from April through September of 1995 to 1998 are determined by relating variations in ozone levels to variations in atmospheric conditions and emissions of ozone's precursor chemicals, volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and nitrogen oxides (NO_x), and by determining month-specific atmospheric conditions that are conducive to elevated ozone levels. Results show that the transport of ozone and its precursor chemicals within the Tucson area causes the highest ozone levels to be measured at a downwind monitor. The highest ozone levels occur in August, due in part to the presence of the North American monsoon. Atmospheric conditions conducive to elevated ozone concentrations differ substantially between the arid foresummer (May and June) and the core monsoon months ( July and August). Transport of pollution from Phoenix may have a substantial impact on elevated ozone concentrations during April, May, and June, while El Paso/Ciudad Juarez –derived pollution may contribute significantly to elevated ozone concentrations in August and September. Two broad policy implications derive from this work. Regional pollutant transport, both within the U.S. and between the U.S. and Mexico, is a potential issue that needs to be examined more intensively in future studies. In addition, spatiotemporal variations in sensitivities of ozone production require the adoption of both NO_x and VOC control measures to reduce ozone levels in the Tucson area.     

环境外部性与污染企业城市内空间分布特征——基于深圳污染企业的实证分析

随着城市生态环境的恶化,发达地区环境管理力度不断加强,使得污染企业的空间分布表现出强烈的环境容量制约性和政府规制主导性。为应对这种制约与规制,在城市内部,污染企业向城市边界和环境准入门槛低的区域迁移,使得污染企业空间分布及其所形成的城市污染格局更加复杂。利用2007 年深圳市污染源普查数据,通过OLS和稳健回归分别探讨了废水、废气和固体废弃物污染企业环境外部性及其城市内空间分布特征。研究发现：深圳废水与固体废弃物污染严重企业具有明显地靠近城市外围边界但远离香港、经济特区分布的特征,以邻为壑的污染转嫁将辖区内的环境负外部性扩展到邻近城市,以避免对本城区的污染。同时,废水排放较多的污染企业也有明显的靠近城市环境功能较低的外流河分布的特征。企业所有制性质、经营时间等在一定程度上影响企业的排污能力,进而影响污染企业的空间分布。另外,不同排污类型的企业空间分布也具有显著的差异。本研究对于转型期正确制定城市产业结构空间调整政策,合理引导经济环境协调发展,尤其是避免跨界流域河道等成为转移负外部性的通道具有重要启示。     

青藏高原东部表层土壤色度的空间变化特征及其环境意义

认识青藏高原东部现代表土的色度特征及其空间分布,理解其与现代气候因子之间的联系,对于高原地区黄土-古环境重建和揭示第四纪环境变化历史具有重要意义。通过对研究区表层土壤色度的详细分析,对比现代气候资料,探讨了青藏高原东部表层土壤色度的空间变化特征及其环境意义。结果表明：① 高原东部表土色度参数空间变化特征差异显著,表现为随纬度升高,土壤亮度呈先减小后增大的趋势,而红度和黄度则逐步减小;随经度的升高,黄度先增大后减小,而红度值逐步减小;红度和黄度整体随着海拔上升而呈先减小后升高的特征。这些变化特征和差异是表土色度对高原东部复杂地理环境和水热条件变化响应的结果。② 在高原的干旱-半湿润区,土壤亮度对降水的响应敏感;红度和黄度对大尺度的温度变化响应较敏感,而较冷的环境下,红度对温度响应复杂,但与降水存在一定的联系。红度/黄度比值主要指示了气候控制下的赤铁矿和针铁矿的变化和竞争,对干旱-半湿润区域的降水变化响应较为敏感。青藏高原东部现代表土色度与气候密切相关,其空间变化特征一定程度上反映了该地区现代气候因子的空间变化;另一方面由于该区地形和气候复杂多变,部分色度指标与气候关系复杂,在重建青藏高原东部黄土古环境变化历史时需要谨慎。     

基于ERICA框架的放射性核素环境安全浓度限值的计算

本文采用欧盟ERICA框架下评估电离辐射生态风险的ERICA综合法,选用ERICA工具数据库中的参数数据,计算了我国大亚湾等核电站液态放射性流出物中主要的18种放射性核素的环境安全浓度限值。当核电站排水口附近海域中放射性核素浓度低于推荐的环境安全浓度限值时,放射性核素造成的辐射风险被认为是在海洋生态环境所能承受的范围之内。     

季节性低温胁迫下陇东黄土高原油污土壤环境因子对耐冷混合菌场地生态修复的响应

为了揭示季节性低温胁迫下陇东黄土高原油污土壤环境因子对耐冷混合菌场地生态修复的响应机制,利用自主筛选构建的耐冷石油降解混合菌在甘肃省庆阳市庆城县马岭镇长庆油田陇东油泥处理站开展了为期7个月的场地修复实验,采用常规方法测定了不同季节土壤理化特性、酶活性和微生物群落特性等环境指标。结果表明：（1）在季节性低温胁迫下（9-11月）M2组（耐冷混合菌处理组）月平均降解率明显增加（P<0.01）,JZJ+M1组（金盏菊联合常温混合菌处理组）和M2组累计TPH降解率分别为15.37%±3.51%和28.64%±4.12%。（2）M2组土壤脱氢酶和多酚氧化酶在低温季节（LT）活性最高,且温度和处理存在显著交互作用（P<0.01）。在土壤营养元素方面,无论何种处理方式（JZJ+M1和M2）二者含量均为RT（常温季节）高于LT（P<0.05）,同时明显高于CK组（P<0.05）。（3）M2组土壤微生物群落Shannon-Wiener指数和均匀度指数在LT高于RT（P<0.05）。（4）NMDS和Pearson相关性分析结果显示,M2组在低温季节具有较高TPH降解率主要与土壤多酚氧化酶、脱氢酶、单月TPH降解率（μ2）和Shannon-Wiener指数有关,且均呈极显著正相关关系。通过分析环境因子的季节响应,优化场地修复在低温环境的降解条件、加速低温期石油烃降解速率,以期为陇东地区低温耐冷混合菌场地生态修复技术的推广应用提供参考和基础数据资料。     

滨海休闲体育产业的绿色发展研究

概述了滨海休闲体育产业绿色发展的研究现状,界定了滨海休闲体育产业绿色发展的概念,论述了滨海休闲体育产业绿色发展的必然趋势,分析了绿色发展的制约因素,探讨了滨海休闲体育产业绿色发展的实现路径。