A New Species of Megarhyphus,an Interesting Discovery from the Lower Jurassic of England(Diptera,Anisopodidae)

<正>The oldest representative of the genus Megarhyphus Kovalev(Diptera:Anisopodidae)is described from the Lower Jurassic(Sinemurian)of England.A summary of our knowledge of Jurassic Anisopodidae is given.     

黄海镆铘岛海域海草床数量分布及其生态特征

海草床是近海三大典型海洋生态系统之一,具有巨大的碳储备功能,并为众多海洋生物提供重要的栖息场所及食物来源,在维持近岸海洋生态系统平衡中发挥着重要的作用。2016年8月通过对黄海镆铘岛海域的现场调查,发现分布面积为272.84 ha的海草床主要种类为鳗草(Zostera marina)和红纤维虾形草(Phyllospadix iwatensis)。鳗草的分布面积约为177.23 ha,占总面积的65%,主要分布在镆铘岛沿岸的海参养殖池中,红纤维虾形草的分布面积约为95.61 ha,占总面积的35%,主要分布在沿岸的礁石上,呈明显的带状分布。鳗草的平均株高为(86.8±5.8)cm,平均植株密度和生物量分别为(364.0±14.2)株/m~2和(528.7±20.5)gDW/m~2;红纤维虾形草的平均株高为(112.8±3.8)cm,平均植株密度和生物量分别为(3087.0±35.4)株/m~2和(2320.0±26.6)gDW/m~2。红纤维虾形草的分布水深为(1.80±0.04)m,海草床的水体溶解氧含量较高,达到(10.4±0.1)mg/L,分布有鳗草的海参池塘的底质粒径为(4.6±0.1)mm。结合历史资料,发现该海域海草床退化现象十分严重,这除了受自然环境变化的影响外,与过度的人类活动干扰有关。并提出了海草床修复与保护的建议和对策,可为进一步研究与保护该区域海草床生态系统提供基础。     

基于质控数据库的海洋环境监测生物名质量控制方法研究

全国海洋环境监测每年获得大量的生物多样性监测数据,其中生物种类名记录存在书写不规范、格式不统一、同物异名、学名和中文名缺失、拼写错误等情况,对数据的质量和使用产生很大影响.为了对这些分类数据进行质量控制,构建质控数据库.以2011、2012年全国海洋环境监测实测生物分类数据为原始分类数据,以《中国海洋物种多样性》、《海洋生物分类代码》、《中国海洋生物名录》中的物种数据为标准生物名称,采用计算机程序匹配与人工匹配相结合的方法,建立原始分类数据与标准生物名称的对应关系,完成匹配分类数据的标准化处理并入库,形成质控数据库.基于质控数据库,结合质量控制程序,使得需要进行质控的生物名数据与质控数据库中＂实测中文名＂或＂实测学名＂相匹配,返回质控数据库中的＂标准中文名＂、＂标准学名＂、＂标准类群＂的值以及＂记录处理＂,并作为新增列插入到原数据中,从而实现对分类数据的一站式批量质控.基于质控数据库的生物名质控方法为生物分类数据的质量控制提供了一个简单、有效且易于推广的新方法.     

2018年全球发现的新矿物种

在系统梳理2018年度全球发现并经国际矿物学协会(IMA)新矿物与矿物分类命名专业委员会(CNMNC)批准的128个新矿物种资料的基础上,从矿物名称、晶体化学式、晶系和空间群、晶胞参数、主要粉晶数据、物理性质、光学性质、产地与产状、与其他矿物种的关系、矿物名称来源、化学反应和光谱学特征等方面归纳总结了这些新矿物的重要矿物学特征。并按照中国新矿物及矿物命名专业委员会颁布的《矿物种汉名审订条例》,对128个新矿物种的中文名称进行了审订。通过适时公布国际新矿物工作的新进展和新成果,并逐步完善和规范矿物种中文译名体系,为我国新矿物的发现和研究提供有科学价值的参考和借鉴,并不断推动矿物种中文译名规范化与标准化的进程。     

卓越测绘工程师企业培养方案研究

卓越工程师教育培养计划的特点之一是行业企业深度参与培养过程。参考欧美国家工程师培养模式,对卓越测绘工程师企业培养方案的培养目标、培养要求、培养标准、培养计划、师资配备等方面进行有益的探索,为完善测绘地理信息类卓越工程师培养方案提供借鉴。     

Metal contaminants for modelling lobster (Homarus americanus) migration patterns in the Inner Bay of Fundy, Atlantic Canada

A method, which uses metal compositions in lobster digestive glands as natural environmental tags, has been developed to trace lobster movements. Lobsters were collected from three selected sites, Minas Channel, Minas Basin, and Cobequid Bay, Inner Bay of Fundy, New Brunswick, Canada, that were known to be contaminated with Cu. Five metal variables (Ag, Cd, Cu, Mn and Zn) were processed for principal component analysis (PCA). Metal concentration and burden models were investigated and PCA was able to differentiate lobsters from the respective catch sites. The method was applied to investigate the May and June lobsters collected at the three sites to determine the migration rate during this period of the fishing season. The results show a high level of mixing at Minas Basin and Cobequid Bay in June, and lobster movement inward toward the inner reaches of the bay, with very limited movement outward from the inner bay.     

The first fossil Megalopsidiinae (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae) from Upper Cretaceous Burmese amber and its potential for understanding basal relationships of rove beetles

The first definitive fossil of the peculiar monotypic rove beetle subfamily Megalopsidiinae is described as a new species Megalopinus extinctus sp. n. It represents a stem lineage valuable for the study of the early diversification of Staphylinidae, where sister group relationships of Megalopsidiinae currently remain a big controversy. This discovery corroborates the Mesozoic origin of this subfamily implied by its presumably basal phylogenetic position within Staphylinidae and hitherto available fossil record for the family. Well preserved peculiar mouthparts of M. extinctus specialized similarly with recent Megalopinus suggest the same mode of feeding in Megalopsidiinae for nearly a hundred million years.     

渤海莱州湾红鳍东方鲀(Takifugu rubripes)×假睛东方鲀(Takifugu pseudommus)天然杂交种一例

记述了１９９８年５月莱州湾中采得的东方（Ｔａｋｉｆｕｇｕ）标本中的２尾个体,其形态特征介于红鳍东方（Ｔａｋｉｆｕｇｕｒｕｂｒｉｐｅｓ）和假睛东方（Ｔａｋｉｆｕｇｕｐｓｅｕｄｏｍｍｕｓ）之间,经比较分析认定其为该两近缘种的天然杂交种     

Biodiversity and environmental characteristics of the bycatch assemblages from the tropical tuna purse seine fisheries in the eastern Atlantic Ocean

The impact of human activities such as fishing has been identified as a main factor in diversity loss in the open ocean. This paper studies the diversity patterns and environmental characteristics of the bycatch assemblages in Fish Aggregating Devices (FADs) and Free School sets (sets made on schools of tuna) from the tropical tuna purse seine fishery in the eastern Atlantic Ocean (35°W–15°E and 20°N–15°S). Data were collected from scientific observer programmes carried out between 2003 and 2011 on board Spanish and French fleets. The results showed different structure and diversity patterns of the bycatch assemblages depending on the fishing mode, with higher number of species and diversity found in FAD sets than in Free School sets. Bycatch assemblages showed preferences for specific oceanographic characteristics of the Atlantic Ocean, such as the equatorial and seasonal coastal upwelling systems, the Cape Lopez front system and the Guinea dome. The type of set and sea surface temperature play an important role to describe the diversity patterns of these species. These results confirm the importance of integrating different methods to study the marine ecosystem towards the correct implementation of the Ecosystem Approach to Fishery Management (EAFM).