The initiation and development of metamorphic foliation in the Otago Schist, Part 1: competitive oriented growth of white mica

The 3D shape, size and orientation data for white mica grains sampled along two transects of increasing metamorphic grade in the Otago Schist, New Zealand, reveal that metamorphic foliation, as defined by mica shape‐preferred orientation (SPO), developed rapidly at sub‐greenschist facies conditions early in the deformation history. The onset of penetrative strain metamorphism is marked by the rapid elimination of poorly oriented large clastic mica in favour of numerous new smaller grains of contrasting composition, higher aspect ratios and a strong preferred orientation. The metamorphic mica is blade shaped with long axes defining the linear aspect of the foliation and intermediate axes a partial girdle about the lineation. Once initiated, foliation progressively intensified by an increase in the aspect ratio, size and alignment of grains, although highest grade samples within the chlorite zone record a decrease in aspect ratio and reduction in SPO strength despite continued increase in grain size. These trends are interpreted in terms of progressive competitive anisotropic growth of blade‐shaped grains so that the fastest growth directions and blade lengths tend to parallel the extension direction during deformation. The competitive nature of mica growth is indicated by the progressive increase in size and resultant decrease in number of metamorphic mica with increasing grade, from c. 1000 relatively small mica grains per square millimetre of thin section at lower grades, to c. 100 relatively large grains per square millimetre in higher grade samples. Reversal of SPO intensity and grain aspect ratio trends in higher grade samples may reflect a reduction in the strain rate or reduction in the deviatoric component of the stress field.     

华南两个不同成因系列花岗岩的云母标型特征

研究表明,云母特征可作为两个不同成因系列花岗岩的判别标志和成岩成矿演化的示踪。系列Ⅰ中特征矿物组合为铁质黑云母+白云母+钛铁矿+富铝硅酸盐;系列Ⅱ为镁质黑云母+角闪石+磁铁矿+贫铝硅酸盐。M(M=Mg/Mg+Fe~(2+)+Mn)是一个可靠的判据。系列Ⅰ:M<0.45,系列Ⅱ:M>0.45。两个系列云母的化学组成的明显差别主要受控于物源成分的差异。两个系列云母的差热曲线和红外光谱特征也明显不同。用Li-Mg-Fe~(2+)+Mn三角图可以反映成岩成矿演化趋势。     

云母分子式计算方案的选择

本文借助主成分分析证明了花岗岩类中黑云母的Fe~(3+)、Fe~(2+)和(OH+F)主要的数量关系不表现为氧羟铁云母置换,还讨论了水不足和水过剩对云母分子式计算结果的影响,进而提出了当处理一批未受明显脱羟基氧化的云母,尤其是当其中包括明显水过剩云母时,宜优先采用O=22计算分子式方案等建议。     

云母含量对风化花岗岩路基土工程性质影响的试验研究

通过从花岗岩残积土中分离出云母 ,按云母含量的不同配制试件进行承载比试验、回弹模量试验 ,研究云母含量对花岗岩路基土工程性质影响的复杂规律 ,探讨花岗岩路基土工程性质变化的机理。     

The structure and the phyllosilicates (chemistry, crystallinity and texture) of Talas Ala-Tau (Tien Shan, Kyrgyz Republic): comparison with more recent subduction complexes

Geological mapping and structural analysis of the Talas Ala Tau (Tien Shan, Kyrgyz Republic) have revealed a complex structure composed of folds with axial-plane cleavage and thrust faults verging towards the NE. The main structures of the range correspond to minor Tertiary and Carboniferous–Permian deformation superimposed on the main deformation event that took place during the Baikalian orogeny. The pervasive axial-plane cleavage diminishes in penetrativity from the hinterland to the foreland in both the Uzunakhmat and Karagoin sheets. The main thrusts developed phyllonitic shear-related rocks on the hangingwall immediately above the thrust planes. A crystal-chemical study of the phyllosilicates growth during the Baikalian deformation event along a cross-section revealed changes in the crystallinity, composition and lattice parameters of them. The phyllosilicates present in the Talas Ala Tau rocks were crystallized in very low-grade metamorphic conditions, that is below 300 °C, as indicated by their Kübler Index (KI), which decreases from SW towards the NE. Detailed TEM study of the phyllosilicates reveals a clear textural difference at the lattice level between samples with higher or lower KI parameters. There is also a clear difference in crystal-chemical parameters (KI and b) and composition between the phyllosilicates growth in relation to the axial-plane cleavage and the ones belonging to the thrust-related phyllonites. The first ones are more affected by the ferrimuscovitic vector than the phyllosilicates of phyllonites, closer to the theoretical phengitic component. Huge ranges of values of phengitic content of micas at sample level are interpreted as the result of a decompression path from at least 8 kbar. We propose a subduction geodynamic environment for the regional deformation and the origin of the phyllosilicates, as they are similar to those obtained in more recent accretionary complexes.     

碎云母的工业用途及开发

云母类矿物是一种非常重要的非金属矿产资源,具有多种优良性能,因而广泛应用于现代工业部门。就世界范围讲,片云母的产量已逐年下降,碎云母的用量大幅度提高,故今后的云母资源将转向开发碎云母。本文论述了碎云母的矿物学特征、工业用途,并简要探讨了其开发途径。     

松辽盆地西缘断裂带中花岗质糜棱岩的锆石SHRIMP和云母氩-氩年龄及其构造意义

松辽盆地西缘发育大型的北北东走向韧性断裂带,该韧性断裂带的性质、活动时限一直存在争议,制约了对松辽盆地构造成因的认识以及松辽盆地西缘油气勘探开发的进展。腾克、金星及嘎拉山地区是松辽盆地西缘韧性断裂带的代表性出露区,主体岩石组合为条带状花岗质糜棱岩、眼球状花岗质糜棱岩等。腾克、金星及嘎拉山地区发育一组糜棱面理和线理,其中面理为110°~135°∠45°~65°、线理为倾伏向10°~25°,倾伏角10°~35°;其运动性质均显示左行走滑特征。确定韧性断裂带活动时限的样品采自构造带内花岗质糜棱岩的锆石和同变形云母,其中锆石SHRIMP谐和年龄为296.9~299.4 Ma;黑云母⁴⁰Ar-³⁹Ar年龄为(123.0±0.7)Ma,白云母的⁴⁰Ar-³⁹Ar年龄为(124.4±0.9)Ma。松辽盆地西缘韧性断裂带应该属于嫩江断裂带的北段。年龄结果表明该韧性断裂带中花岗岩侵位于晚石炭世,大型北北东向韧性构造变形发生于早白垩世。腾克金星嘎拉山剪切带控制松辽盆地西缘,同时表明松辽盆地在早白垩世经历了走滑挤压盆地演化阶段,这种大型北北东向韧性断裂带的形成可能与当时西太平洋伊泽纳崎板块向欧亚大陆俯冲发生转向有关。     

H2O Content Measurement in Phengite by Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry: A New Set of Reference Materials

Five new natural white mica reference materials (RMs) were developed for in situ H₂O content analyses by secondary ion mass spectrometry at the SwissSIMS laboratory of Lausanne University, Switzerland. The white mica reference materials cover a large part of the natural muscovite–phengite compositional range and are therefore suitable as reference materials for the analysis of natural rocks as well as individual minerals. The independent H₂O content of the reference materials UNIL_WM1 to UNIL_WM5 was obtained by thermal conversion elemental analyser and corresponds to 4.35 ± 0.02, 4.33 ± 0.03, 4.30 ± 0.07, 4.50 ± 0.02 and 4.42 ± 0.11 (% m/m, ± 1s), respectively. SIMS determinations of H₂O content revealed a matrix effect correlated to the FeO content of white mica. The compositional range in FeO of the reference materials that were calibrated for H₂O determination is from 1.13% to 3.67% m/m. No crystallographic orientation dependency was observed at the level of homogeneity of these reference materials. An analytical precision of 0.02% to 0.08% m/m (1SE) is expected for the final uncertainty on measurements of unknown white micas in natural samples.     

云母矿物对仁里稀有金属伟晶岩矿床岩浆-热液演化过程的指示

仁里5号伟晶岩脉是湖南仁里超大型铌钽多金属矿床中含矿性最好且分带完整的一条含铌钽矿脉,云母作为其中的贯通性矿物出现于各分带中,由外部带至内部带表现出不同的成分和结构特征。文章通过对5号脉各带中的云母矿物进行详细的电子探针(EPMA)分析,查明了不同分带中云母矿物的演化规律:自外向内云母类型从白云母→锂云母的方向变化,Ⅰ带→Ⅲ带主要为白云母,Ⅳ带起出现富锂云母类型,并开始发育多种不平衡和交代结构;Ⅰ带→Ⅳ带云母的Li、Rb、Cs、F、Mg、Ti含量逐渐升高,K/Rb和K/Cs比值逐渐降低,从Ⅳ带→Ⅴ带,Mg、Ti降低、Li、Rb、Cs、F含量出现突增,其中,w(F)最高可达11.8%、w(Li_2O)可达8.33%,w(Cs_2O)为4.00%,而铯多硅锂云母中的w(Cs_2O)可达18.0%。这些证据均表明,5号脉具有极高的分异演化程度,从外部带向核部演化程度逐渐增高;Ⅳ带云母的突变很可能暗示其经历了岩浆-热液过渡过程,而Ⅴ带主要发育于热液阶段,此时的流体性质有利于Nb、Ta尤其是Ta元素的富集再沉淀。仁里矿床经历了岩浆-热液2阶段成矿作用,并且稀有金属的成矿很可能持续至热液阶段,这也是造就它特殊性(高品位)的重要原因。     

松潘造山带金川地区观音桥晚三叠世二云母花岗岩的成因及其地质意义

松潘造山带内发育大量印支期花岗岩,这些花岗岩类对于该地区岩浆活动、基底性质和构造演化的研究有着重要的意义。金川地区观音桥二云母花岗岩位于松潘造山带东部,属于晚三叠世花岗岩。岩石具有高硅(SiO_2=72.08%~73.95%)、富碱(K_2O=4.44%~5.84%、Na_2O=3.29%~3.93%)的特征,其A/CNK值为1.08~1.22,属于过铝质高钾钙碱性S型花岗岩类。岩石富集大离子亲石元素,亏损部分高场强元素,具有明显的Eu负异常(δEu=0.26~0.38)。观音桥二云母花岗岩的ε_(Nd)(t)=-7.9~-10.1(平均为-8.9)不高,Nd同位素二阶段模式年龄T_(2DM)值为1.42~1.57 Ga,显示源岩应该为中元古代地壳岩石。岩石高的Rb/Sr值和低的CaO/Na_2O值、较低的Al_2O_3/TiO_2值和低的Rb/Ba值,表明其起源于泥质源岩的部分熔融。综合地球化学、同位素特征和区域地质资料,笔者等认为金川地区观音桥二云母花岗岩是在松潘造山带挤压背景下,由中—上地壳泥质源岩发生部分熔融而形成。