Contrôle structural du partage de Rb entre fluide et micas potassiques dans les pegmatites du Brésil

A geochemical study of pegmatitic micas from Minas Gerais State in Brazil was performed with an electron microprobe, in order to examine the variations of Rb, K, Al and F contents. It is observed a linear decreasing relationship between the [Rb/K] ratio of the micas and their contents in Al^VI. The interpretation is based on the hypothesis that the partition coefficient C_Rb/K^mica/fl between fluid and mineral does not vary significantly as a function of temperature and pressure in the narrow conditions of crystallization of pegmatites. It is suggested that the relation: C_Rb/K^mica/fl=0.55×(5?[Al^VI]) is of crystallochemical order. Micas with low contents in Al take higher contents in Rb because the potassic sites where Rb enters are larger. This relation gives another way of calculating the values [Rb/K] of the fluids knowing Rb, K, Al and Si in the micas. This crystallochemistry also allows us to foresee a direct correlation between Rb and F in the pegmatitic micas. To cite this article: J. Quéméneur et al., C. R. Geoscience 336 (2004).     

西藏萨嘎地区仲巴微地体韧性滑脱剪切带~(40)Ar-~(39)Ar年龄及其地质意义

仲巴微地体夹持于雅江缝合带西段分支的南、北亚带之间,地体内发育韧性滑脱型剪切带。对该类高应变构造带活动时间进行厘定,不仅可以为其形成演化提供制约,而且也可为印度-欧亚板块碰撞过程提供重要的年代学佐证信息。在该剪切带不同变形部位采集了含白云母、黑云母糜棱质岩样品,进行云母类单矿物~(40)Ar-~(39)Ar测年。获取年龄数据3组:53.39±0.57Ma、39.45±0.42Ma、29.41±0.32Ma,表明该剪切带具有多期次构造活动叠加特征。其中第1组年龄代表在印度-欧亚板块初始碰撞阶段,剪切带形成的时代下限(最小年龄),因该剪切带是两大板块初始碰撞的产物,所以可佐证板块起始碰撞时间为53.39±0.57Ma之前的晚白垩世末—始新世初期;第2组年龄代表在板块主碰撞阶段,发生继承性的近南北向挤压剪切作用后白云母的冷却年龄;第3组年龄代表了后碰撞阶段,剪切带的再次滑动后低温隆升时期的黑云母年龄。     

POLYPHASE METAMORPHISM AND INVERTED THERMAL GRADIENT IN THE LESSER HIMALAYA OF CENTRAL NEPAL: CONSTRAINTS FROM WHITE MICA COMPOSITIONS

POLYPHASE METAMORPHISM AND INVERTED THERMAL GRADIENT IN THE LESSER HIMALAYA OF CENTRAL NEPAL: CONSTRAINTS FROM WHITE MICA COMPOSITIONS     

New constraints upon the structural and isotopic age of the Oughterard Granite,and on the timing of events in the Dalradian Rocks of Connemara,Western Ireland

A Lower Ordovician age for the Oughterard Granite is established by Rb–Sr dating of magmatic white micas from pegmatites cutting two of the satellite bodies found 12–15 km west of the main granitic intrusions. These micas give a minimum age of c. 473 Ma for the emplacement of the satellite bodies, and for the completion of the D3 deformation in the Dalradian host rocks. The main granite intrusions are post-D4 in age, but some of the small outlying sheet-like intrusions are either deformed by D4 folds, or were present during this deformation and were responsible for the development of locally disharmonic D4 minor folds. The correlation of the smaller granite bodies with the main bodies of Oughterard Granite is supported by their similar field appearance, petrography and trace element geochemistry. In common with other late orogenic granites, such as the 470 Ma Aberdeen Granite in NE Scotland, the Oughterard Granite is thought to have been part of a discontinuous magmatic arc, which formed along the southern margin of the Dalradian outcrop in Connemara and in NE Scotland in the early Ordovician. Members of the Oughterard Granite suite were emplaced during the final stages of the Grampian orogeny, from post-D3 to post-D4, while the country rocks were still at an elevated temperature (>500°C) following the peak of the regional metamorphism. The new minimum age of intrusion of c. 473 Ma, together with existing radiometric data, confirms that emplacement of the metagabbro and gneiss complex in southern Connemara, followed by the D3 structural and metamorphic events, all took place during a period of less than 20 Ma. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

定轴排水剪切试验中各向异性砂土的力学响应

南京云母砂主要由片状颗粒组成,具有较为明显的各向异性特性。采用香港科技大学的自动控制空心圆柱扭剪仪进行了应力主轴方向角分别为10°、30°、60°、80°的密实云母砂定轴剪切试验,研究云母砂的初始各向异性规律。为研究中主应力的影响,又对同一密度的试样在中主应力系数b＝0.1、0.5、1.0三种不同情况下进行定轴剪切试验。试验结果表明,在大主应力方向角从0°～90°的变化过程中,强度先减小后增大,且随着b值的增加强度增大;变形表现出明显的各向异性,随着b值的增加体变增大     

Daubechies wavelet coefficients: a tool to study interplanetary magnetic field fluctuations

We have studied a set of 41 magnetic clouds (MCs) measured by the ACE spacecraft, using the discrete orthogonal wavelet transform (Daubechies wavelet of order two) in three regions: Pre-MC (plasma sheath), MC and Post-MC. We have used data from the IMF GSM-components with time resolution of 16 s. The mathematical property chosen was the statistical mean of the wavelet coefficients (〈Dd1 〉). The Daubechies wavelet coefficients have been used because they represent the local regularity present in the signal being studied. The results reproduced the well-known fact that the dynamics of the sheath region is more than that of the MC region. This technique could be useful to help a specialist to find events boundaries when working with IMF datasets, i.e., a best form to visualize the data. The wavelet coefficients have the advantage of helping to find some shocks that are not easy to see in the IMF data by simple visual inspection. We can learn that fluctuations are not low in all MCs, in some cases waves can penetrate from the sheath to the MC. This methodology has not yet been tested to identify some specific fluctuation patterns at IMF for any other geoeffective interplanetary events, such as Co-rotating Interaction Regions (CIRs), Heliospheric Current Sheet (HCS) or ICMEs without MC signatures. In our opinion, as is the first time that this technique is applied to the IMF data with this purpose, the presentation of this approach for the Space Physics Community is one of the contributions of this work.     

Modelling extraordinary floods and sedimentological processes in a large channel-floodplain system of the Lower Paran River(Argentina)

A quasi-2D unsteady flow and sediment transport model suitable for the simulation of large lowland river systems,including their floodplains,is presented.The water flow and sediment equations are discretised using an interconnected irregular cells scheme,in which different simplifications of the 1D de Saint Venant equations are used to define the discharge laws between cells.Spatially-distributed transport and deposition of fine sediments throughout the river-floodplain system are simulated.The model is applied over a 208-km reach of the Parana River between the cities of Diamante and Ramallo(Argentina) comprising a river-floodplain area of 8100 km~2.After calibration and validation,the model is applied to predict water and sediment dynamics during synthetically generated extraordinary floods of100,1000,and 10,000 years return period.The potential impact of a 56-km long road embankment constructed across the entire floodplain is simulated and compared to model results without the embankment.The embankment results in increases in upstream water levels,inundation extent,flow duration,and sediment deposition.     

对剪切带内眼球体透镜体花岗岩体成因的思考

在剪切带中相当大一部分的钾长石眼球体、云母鱼和花岗岩的透镜体 ,并非是动力变质过程中原岩的矿物或原岩本身的残留体 ,而是在剪切带内部引张区域的动力分异作用的产物。这些产物有三种尺度 :矿物尺度、矿物集合体尺度、岩体尺度。这三种尺度的产物具有形态、成分、产生部位和形成环境的相似性。在以上认识的基础上 ,该文对眼球体的拖尾现象、云母鱼及造山带的S型花岗岩体的成因 ,作了进一步的探讨     

云母族矿物的氧同位素分馏

利用增量方法对云母族矿物的氧同位素分馏进行了系统的理论计算。结果表明，不同化学成分和结构状态的云母之间存在一定的氧同位素分馏，其１８Ｏ富集顺序在热力学同位素平衡时为：多硅白云母＞钠云母＞锂云母＞白云母＝珍珠云母＞海绿石＞铁云母＞金云母＞黑云母。在４００℃以上的高温条件下，云母－水体系的氧同位素分馏与温度之间的相关性不明显，并且云母相对于水亏损１８Ｏ达１‰－２．５‰。石英－云母体系的氧同位素分馏与温度之间具有显著的负相关性，因此，能够作为灵敏的同位素地质温度计。不过，石英－黑云母对的氧同位素地质测温往往给出岩石冷却过程中的退化再平衡温度，而不是岩石形成温度。     

云母类矿物的活化释钾性能

通过对３个典型二八面体型的云母类矿物,即白云母,绢云母和伊利石的活化释钾试验,发现云母类矿物热自理产物酸化后钾能大量释放;探讨了云母类矿物的活化释钾性能。虽然白云母释钾的活化条件相对较高压有利于晶包有机质释放但其释钾量明显大于绢云母和伊利石。