An analysis of anomalous weather and cli mate around the M S= 6.2 earthquake of Zhangbei region

ＩｎｔｒｏｄｕｃｔｉｏｎＡｔｅｉｇｈｔｔｏｔｗｅｌｖｅｏ′ｃｌｏｃｋｏｎＪａｎｕａｒｙ１０,１９９８,ｔｈｅｒｅｏｃｃｕｒｅｄａｓｔｒｏｎｇｅａｒｔｈｑｕａｋｅｏｆＭＳ＝６．２ａｔＺｈａｎｇｂｅｉＣｏｕｎｔｙｉｎｔｈｅｎｏｒｔｈｗｅｓｔｅｒｎｐａｒ...     

地壳演化过程中铬铝云母标型性探讨

对于早期地壳性质及晚期地壳演化的研究一直是地质学界关注的课题,本文将以矿物系统发生史研究为指导,通过详细研究全球范围内103个(包括笔者完成的42个样品)铬铝云母样品在地壳中的分布规律及其化学成分和矿物种标型特征时空演化规律,认为早期地壳中幔源物质铬与壳源物质铝交互作用导致铬铝云母的形成,从而为认识早期地壳具有硅铝质组成提供了佐证。在晚期地壳演化尤其是成矿作用方面,提出了铬铝云母标型性特征,确立了铬铝云母在自然历史中固有的位置和作用。     

花岗伟晶岩分异演化与含矿性评价——从造岩矿物组构视角

高演化稀有金属伟晶岩的成矿过程是复杂和苛刻的,涉及到岩浆- 热液过程热历史、岩浆迁移路径与成矿空间、侵位环境的过冷程度以及岩浆组分中稀有金属元素的初始富集等条件。而伟晶岩的分带特征是其形成过程的一种综合体现,不论是伟晶岩区域分带还是伟晶岩内部结构分带,都反映了伟晶岩岩浆结晶分异过程中岩浆的性质与形成环境,而这同时也赋予了造岩矿物在组构上的特殊性,形成遗传代码,对其进行解密,从而能够用于示踪与评估花岗伟晶岩的演化程度与成矿潜力。对于区域伟晶岩群的成矿潜力评估,由于含矿熔体在组分上的跨度较大,随着远离母体花岗岩体距离的增大,伟晶岩群演化程度增加,熔体中铁镁质组分以及Ca、Ba、Sr等碱土金属含量迅速降低,而挥发分、助熔剂组分、碱金属含量在残余熔体中逐渐增加,长石、云母与石英在类别和组构上产生显著变化;其中长石向钾- 钠端元演化,且钠长石相对钾长石占据主导地位,云母由黑云母向白云母以及锂白云母转变,石英阴极发光特征与晶体结构及微量元素成分也表现出规律性的变化。受矿物晶格的限制,长石的K/Rb、K/Cs以及云母的K/Rb、K/Cs、Nb/Ta等比值特征能有效区分不同矿化潜力的伟晶岩群。石英的阴极发光特征能够揭示其生长环境与历史,石英的Li、Al、Ti、Ge等微量元素组成可以用来区分不同类型的伟晶岩矿床,并提供关于岩浆演化和成矿过程的重要线索。伟晶岩内部分带的形成主要受成矿熔体规模、过冷度以及成矿空间的封闭性等因素的控制,但在初始熔体成分上可以具有较大的变化。其中强分带型稀有金属伟晶岩记录了完整的岩浆- 热液演化过程,不同阶段石英、长石和云母在晶体形态、微观结构以及微量元素组成上都具有显著变化。弱分带型稀有金属伟晶岩(钠长石- 锂辉石伟晶岩)的造岩矿物组分在伟晶岩内部变化不大,其受构造控制明显,在空间上与贫矿伟晶岩之间可具有较大的矿物组成差异,表明二者之间存在流动分异过程。而长距离(以更厚的地壳或大型拆离断层为标志)的熔体迁移正是形成超大型伟晶岩稀有金属矿床的有利要素。     

Growth of Prosopis juliflora on pegmatite tailings from Nellore Mica Belt, Andhra Pradesh, India

 Prosopis juliflora was found to be occurring extensively on the pegmatitic tailings. Leaves and twigs of P. juliflora and soil samples were analyzed for mineral elements. The analysis has shown variation in the absorption and accumulation of mineral elements of the same plant species growing at different areas. The plant species accumulated large concentrations of Sr, B, and Ba. The ubiquitous thorny shrub P. juliflora has an extraordinary ecologic amplitude and tolerance for a variety of elements. Received: 10 October 1997 · Accepted: 13 January 1998     

Testing the Validity of Ar/Ar Single-Crystal White Mica Ages for Erosion, Exhumation and Provenance Stud ies: Recent Sediments From the Ganga River, North India

TESTING THE VALIDITY OF Ar/Ar SINGLE-CRYSTAL WHITE MICA AGES FOR EROSION, EXHUMATION AND PROVENANCE STUDIES:RECENT SEDIMENTS FROM THE GANGA RIVER, NORTH INDIA1　CopelandP ,HarrisonTM .EpisodicrapidupliftintheHimalaya[J].Geology ,1990 ,18:35 4～ 35 7. 2　FrankW ,MillerCh ,GrassemannB .Ar/AragesofdetritalmicasandpalaeogeographicprovenanceofProterozoicclasticsedimentsintheHimalayas[J].10thHimalayan Karakorum TibetWorkshop[C],As…     

Alteration and mineral zonation at the Mt Lyell copper–gold deposit,Tasmania

The Mount Lyell copper deposits are located in the middle Cambrian Mount Read volcanic belt of western Tasmania and consist of more than 24 separate copper–gold–silver orebodies. The dominant copper mineralisation style is disseminated pyrite–chalcopyrite subvertical pipes with subordinate chalcopyrite–bornite ± other copper phases, massive pyrite and base metal sulfides. A zonation in mineralisation style within the pipes is defined from chalcopyrite–magnetite at depth to chalcopyrite–pyrite at intermediate levels, to chalcopyrite–bornite at the shallowest level. Alteration is developed broadly symmetrically around the ore zones and zoned from quartz–chlorite–phengite ± biotite at depth to quartz–muscovite at intermediate levels, and a quartz–muscovite–pyrophyllite–zunyite assemblage at the shallowest levels. This is interpreted to be a result of a fluid that evolved from hot, reduced and neutral conditions at depth to cool, oxidised and acidic conditions at the shallowest level. The chalcopyrite–bornite deposits occur at the top of the hydrothermal system and are associated with intensely silicified rock and muscovite/pyrophyllite alteration. The close relationship of these deposits with the top of the pipes suggests they are part of a single mineralising event. Where the chalcopyrite–bornite deposits are juxtaposed with the Owen Group, rather than a simple chalcopyrite–bornite mineralogy, there are numerous other copper phases, which represent higher oxidation states and collectively suggest variable and fluctuating fluid conditions during deposition. It is proposed that these deposits are formed by an interaction of the reduced hydrothermal fluid with an oxidised fluid generated at very shallow levels within and during deposition of the Owen Group. Mineralisation within the middle Owen Group sandstones and clasts of altered rock within the middle and upper Owen Group sediments marks the end of the hydrothermal system. Around the entire edge of the Mt Lyell field, there is a variation in the white mica composition from proximal muscovite to distal phengite that represents the neutralisation of the hydrothermal fluid by fluid–wall rock interaction.     

Existence of multiple units with different accretionary and metamorphic ages in the Sanbagawa Belt,Sakuma–Tenryu area,central Japan

U–Pb ages of detrital zircons and white mica K–Ar ages are obtained from two psammitic schists from the western and eastern units of the Sanbagawa Metamorphic Belt located in the Sakuma–Tenryu area. The detrital zircons in the sample from the western unit (T1) show an age cluster around 95 Ma, and the youngest age in the detrital zircons is 94.0 ± 0.6 Ma. The detrital zircons in the sample from the eastern unit (T5) show a main age cluster in the Late Cretaceous with some older ages, and the youngest age in the detrital zircons is 72.8 ± 0.9 Ma. The youngest zircon ages restrict the older limit of the depositional ages of each sample. White mica K–Ar ages of T1 and T5 are 69.8 ± 1.5 Ma and 56.1 ± 1.2 Ma, respectively, which indicate the age of exhumation and restrict the younger limit on the depositional age of each sample. The results show that the western and eastern units were different in their depositional and exhumation ages, suggesting the episodic subduction and exhumation of the Sanbagawa Belt in the Sakuma–Tenryu area. These results also suggest simultaneous existence of subduction and exhumation paths of metamorphic rocks in the high‐P/T Sanbagawa Metamorphic Belt.     

粉末压片制样-X射线荧光光谱法测定锂云母中的高含量氟

锂云母中的氟含量很高(1. 36%～8. 71%),在焙烧锂云母矿物时锂的浸出率随着含氟量的增加而逐步下降,随着锂云母脱氟率的提高,锂的浸出率也相应提高,准确测定锂云母中的氟、控制氟含量可为确定焙烧过程的工艺条件、设备参数及成本提供依据。目前氟的测定主要采用离子选择电极法,但过程复杂、分析时间长且空白值高。本文采用粉末直接压片制样X射线荧光光谱法测定锂云母中的氟,氟的检出限为46±4μg/g。将锂矿石标准物质和人工配制校准物质制成工作曲线,经验系数校正基体效应和谱线干扰,方法精密度(RSD,n=10)为1. 03%。采用本法分析由标准样品合成的样品,测定值与理论值吻合良好;用实际样品验证,测定结果与离子选择电极法的测定值相符。本法适用于分析锂云母中0. 68%～9. 14%的氟。     

Geological Characteristics of the Furong Tin Orefield, Hunan,~(40)Ar-~(39)Ar Dating of Tin Ores and Related Granite and Its Geodynamic Significance for Rock and Ore Formation

Furong, Hunan, is a large tin orefield discovered in China in recent years, which is mainly of the skarn-greisen-chlorite type. On the basis of the geological characteristics of the orefield, 40Ar-39Ar dating was performed on muscovite from greisen-type tin ore and biotite from related amphibole-biotite granite, which yielded three sets of age data, i.e., a plateau age of 157.5±0.3 Ma and an isochron age of 156.9±3 Ma for amphibole-biotite granite; a plateau age of 156.1±0.4 Ma and an isochron age of 155.7±1.7 Ma for the Sanmen greisen-type tin ore; and a plateau age of 160.1±0.9 Ma and an isochron age of 157.5±1.5 Ma for the Taoxiwo greisen-type tin ore. The three sets of age data coincide well with each other. They not only accurately reflect the timing of rock and ore formation but also indicate close relations between granite and tin deposits. In addition, the plateau ages of all three sets suggest that no subsequent thermal perturbation event occurred after the formation of granite and tin dep     

北淮阳变质单元中“浅变质”带——佛子岭群主期变质条件和碎屑锆石年代学探究

佛子岭群为北淮阳变质单元的重要组成部分,其位于大别碰撞造山带最北缘,处于扬子和华北板块的结合部位,构造位置极为关键。长期以来,佛子岭群一直被视为扬子板块北缘沉积产物,并以加积楔形式产出。然而,随着年代学和构造地质学的研究的深入,对其构造归属和形成动力学机制产生了差异性认识,究其原因主要是对佛子岭群变质属性缺乏准确的判定所致。为此,本研究对佛子岭群展开了详细的野外观测和区域变质岩石学研究,以及岩相学、热力学和年代学分析。研究表明佛子岭群构成较为复杂,主体由细粒的云母石英片岩、石英云母片岩和石榴云母片岩构成。主期变质PT条件评价显示,其温压范围为610～620℃和0. 9～1. 0GPa,普遍经历了中-高压角闪岩相变质,并非为"浅"变质产物,并卷入了较深层次的俯冲-折返过程。锆石U-Pb年代学研究表明,佛子岭群年龄跨度较大,范围为3101±48Ma～413±9Ma,可分为5组年龄,年龄峰值分别为2537Ma、1567Ma、940Ma、749Ma和440Ma,显示了华北和扬子板块混合物源特征,最年轻的年龄峰值暗示其形成于早古生代晚期。