氟硼酸根离子选择性电极测定沉积物中的硼

本文建立了氟硼酸根离子选择性电极测定沉积物中的硼。在建立本方法过程中,做了各种干扰条件实验,得到了满意的分析结果。实验中不用溴甲酚绿,效果很好,可延长电极寿命。实验证明,本法较比色法简单、快速、干扰少,而且不需大型仪器设备,可测定0.000x—0.x%的硼。     

Oxidation Modification of Polyacrylonitrile-Based Carbon Fiber and Its Electro-Chemical Performance as Marine Electrode for Electric Field Test

A novel sensor for ocean electric field testing has been fabricated by polyacrylonitrile-based on carbon fibers with electro-chemical oxidation.The surface profile characteristics of the carbon fibers were characterized by scanning electron microscope,Fourier transform infrared spectra and contact angle.Cyclic voltammetry and Tafel curves have been used to study its electro-chemical performances.Two identical electrodes in sea water as the electric field sensor will swiftly respond to applied electric field which causes positive and negative ions to move in opposite direction,resulting in a electric potential difference(ΔE).Test result indicates that the offset potential is typically below 1 m V with a drift of 60-170μVd^-1.Typical self noise level is 1.07 nV√Hz^1/2@1 Hz.The electric field response indicates that the modified electrode pair shows better response to AC sine signal of amplitude and frequency(5 mV and 1 mHz)respectively than its blank.The electric field response model of the modified electrodes is creatively presented according to its electric double layer capacitance and Faraday pseudo-capacitance.Many advantages of the carbon fiber electric field electrode will make it have potential application prospect.     

Legend Layouts for Thematic Maps: A Case Study Integrating Usability Metrics with the Thinking Aloud Method

Abstract

The legend is a critical tool in reading and interpreting a thematic map. The goal of the study reported here is to understand how the legend works as a map is read. The methodology combined usability performance metrics with the thinking aloud method. Subjects were asked to perform two sets of tasks using two thematic maps with different legend layouts. While latency and accuracy of answers for the first set of tasks did not differ significantly between users of the different layouts, users clearly preferred legends that were simple or familiar. The thinking aloud protocols from the second part of the study revealed different patterns of legend comprehension for each legend design. In addition, the study identified four problem-solving strategies that were adopted by the subjects. Finally, some principles for designing legends were developed from the results of the study.     

A spatial one-to-many flow layout algorithm using triangulation,approximate Steiner trees,and path smoothing

ABSTRACT

Mapping spatial flow remains a challenge despite noticeable progress in recent years. This article presents a new, automated layout algorithm for spatial flow from one origin to multiple destinations. The algorithm triangulates the mapped space and builds a network from the triangles. It then simulates the formation of the dendritic drainage pattern of natural river systems and constructs an approximate Steiner tree by sequentially computing the shortest paths from the origin to the destinations using dynamically decreasing edge costs. A series of automatic cartographic operations, including edge simplification, straightening, smoothing, and rendering, then follow to improve the esthetics of the tree and to produce flow layouts that feature natural clusters and smooth edges. An experimental evaluation using four examples illustrates the effectiveness and adaptability of the algorithm with various spatial and parameter configurations. A quantitative comparison with existing methods on esthetics shows that the new algorithm generally renders destinations farther away from tree edges, which helps improve map readability but at the cost of longer total tree length. Evaluated with a smoothness index that rewards gradual tree splitting and smooth, natural, and straight edges, the proposed algorithm can achieve higher average edge smoothness and avoid the least smooth edges under various parameter settings.     

Highly Efficient,Ultra‐Low Energy Consumption Process for Phenol Wastewater Treatment with Ultra‐Low Carbon Emission

Phenol is one of the main pollutants in phenol wastewater and has been proved non‐biodegradable. In this study, based on strongly ring‐opening capability of boron doped diamond film electrode, a highly efficient and energy‐saving method with ultra‐low carbon emission is established through a combination of electrochemical oxidation and biological degradation. On one hand, electrochemical oxidation as pretreatment can solve the critical problem that phenol wastewater is a biological recalcitrant. On the other hand, the relatively low current efficiency during the late stage of electrochemical oxidation can be solved by follow‐up biological treatment, thus reduce the energy consumption and the cost significantly. More importantly, the carboxylic acids (oxidized from phenol) can be fully used as carbon source (no additional carbon source is added) for microbial growth instead of being oxidized to carbon dioxide and water through selecting optimizing sequencing batch reactor access time, so the carbon emission is greatly reduced. The results showed that it can save about 76.5% energy consumption and about 51.2% chemical oxygen demand can be used to maintain microorganism self‐reproduction. This is significant that this combined technology not only runs highly effectively at low cost, but also reduces the emission of greenhouse gas, carbon dioxide, thus environment friendly with wide application prospects.     

浅谈Pleiades卫星遥感影像在基础测绘中的应用

主要探讨了Pleiades卫星遥感影像在1∶10 000基础测绘实际生产中的应用。重点阐述了利用该卫星遥感影像在像控点布设、外业施测、空三加密所取得的结果及通过外业实测地物点检查DOM并进行精度分析。     

双碳背景下我国煤炭资源勘查开发布局研究

随着双碳背景下国家能源结构调整和生态文明建设的要求,本文从保障国家主体能源安全和优化煤炭资源勘查开发布局的角度考虑,阐述了中国煤炭资源分布特点及勘查开发现状;从坚持集约与协调发展、改革与创新发展、绿色与清洁发展的基本原则出发,分析了新时期煤炭资源勘查目标：加强大型煤炭基地资源勘查、推进新增煤层气资源储量、加快煤系矿产资源勘查;从资源禀赋、开发强度、市场区位、环境容量、输送通道等方面出发,阐述了14个大型煤炭基地开发布局方向及建设规模,同时要加快煤层气的开发利用。研究成果对未来一段时期煤炭资源勘查开发及煤炭工业高质量发展具有重要的指导意义。     

采用潜能模型的农村居民点布局优化

针对农村居民点用地布局优化研究未考虑规划影响的问题,该文提出了集成空间相互作用理论与规划影响的方法。首先参照城镇发展规划对农村居民点类型进行划分,然后依据新农村建设的要求和研究区的实际情况,从发展基础、生产条件、生活条件和生态环境4个方面建立了农村居民点潜能评价指标体系,根据修正后的潜能模型计算各农村居民点的潜能值,将孟河镇农村居民点划分为城镇化型、中心村、基层村、拆并村4种类型。在对农村居民点类型微调后,针对不同的类型提出相应的布局优化方案,对推进农村居民点整理具有一定的指导意义。     

物理模型试验在确定挡沙堤布置中的应用

港口工程建设中经常采用挡沙堤防止工程功能区内产生明显的淤积,挡沙堤的平面布置及高程设计直接决定了其是否满足功能区的淤积要求,通过潮流物理模型试验可以直观地识别出泥沙输移路径及强输沙潮流所对应的瞬时潮位,泥沙输移路径可以决定挡沙堤的平面布置形式,强输沙潮流对应的瞬时潮位可以确定挡沙堤的堤面高程。根据实际工程的潮流、泥沙物理模型试验结果,论述了物理模型试验对挡沙堤布置方案设计的指导意义,试验结果显示,采用了相应的防淤措施使功能区内的淤积量明显减少,该方法对于海岸工程的防淤治淤具有一定的参考价值。     

洋浦港平面布置方案的数值研究比选

分析了洋浦港工程的建设将有可能引起洋浦港区的潮流、泥沙运动变化,而导致部分海岸线水域的泥沙淤积,采用了COHERENS-SED模型进行区域水流模拟,从纳潮量、流向与航道的夹角方面,对不同布置方案进行比较,比选出最佳工程布置方案。