Time domain solution for multiple scattering and the coda envelopes

This article summarizes work on multiple scattering based on models of media with randomly distributed scatterers. The scatterers are isotropic and statistically uniform. Measuring distance in terms of mean-free pathL _s and time in terms of the mean-free timesL _s/V, whereV is the velocity of scattered waves, we have more convenient dimensionless distance and time. It can be shown that after the dimensionless time equals 0.65 energy contributed from multiple scattering becomes predominant. Thus the later coda reflects the effect of multiple scattering rather than single scattering. Treating the seismic record, including starting and tail parts, as a whole, the diffusion theory predicts that at a dense distribution of scatterers and a small distance between source and receiver, codas reflect mainly intrinsicQ _i. Of course, this conclusion is coincident with the presumption of the diffusion theory,Q _s>Q _i. However, from a new integral equation of multiple scattering, which deals with the scattered waves and primary waves separately, the conclusion is similar but clearer. This article quotes the new expression for coda energy in two-dimensional space. It shows that if the receiver is close to the source, the coda decay reflects only intrinsicQ _i, then as the distance increases, effects of scatteringQ _s, are involved in the decay feature. The theoretical plots of coda decay show that it seems in most cases in the earthQ _i should not be smaller than one tenth ofQ _s.Project Sponsored by the Joint Earthquake Science Foundation of China.     

Effect of relative humidity on the angular distribution of scattered light intensity for rural and urban aerosols

The change in atmospheric relative humidity affects the physical and optical properties of aerosol particles. It would be interesting to study the effect of an increase in relative humidity on the angular scattering of light by aerosols (by incorporating the changes due to it as the complex refractive index and the parameters of the size distribution function). In the present paper we have computed the angular scattering function for rural and urban aerosols, for light of wavelength 0.55 μn. The results obtained for these two models, representative of different environments, are interesting and show some discriminating features.     

滇西实验场两次中强地震前后尾波衰减的区域特征分析

本文在地方震尾波散理论模式的基础上，研究了１９９２年１２月发生在滇西地震预报实验场永胜期纳地区的两次Ｍｓ５．４，５．１地震前后的序列地震尾波振幅衰减率β和尾波Ｑ＾－１值随时间和空间变化的衰减特征。结果表明，尾波衰减率在空间分布上表现出明显的小区域范围的非均匀性，在主震震中附近的近场区内，主震期间的β值是０．００７６ｓ＾－１，相应的Ｑｃ＾－１值是０．００５６；余震期间的β值是０．０２０９ｓ＾－１，相     

地震波场反演的BG－逆散射方法

本文讨论利用三维反射地震数据进行波场反演的一种方法，旨在取得高分辨率的地球模型．这种方法用Ｂａｃｋｕｓ－Ｇｉｌｂｅｒｔ的理论构造波动方程非线性反问题的逐次线性化迭代格式，用逆散射原理导出泛函的Ｆｒｅｃｈｅｔ导数，并用最佳折衷准则求解线性化后的方程组．根据迭代过程中不断提高分辨率的思想和减少计算成本的原则，设计了可供实用的反演算法流程．     

Coda waves: A review

The analysis and interpretation of coda waves have received increasing attention since the early seventies. In the past few years interest in this subject has spread worldwide, and the study of high-frequency seismic coda waves has become a very important seismological topic. As a conclusion of the studies accomplished in this time, coda waves are considered the result of scattering processes caused by heterogeneities acting on seismic waves.P andS waves play a particularly important role in this interaction. The process introduces an attenuation which, added to the intrinsic absorption, gives the observed apparent attenuation. Therefore, coda waves constitute a thumbprint left by the heterogeneities on the seismograms. Coda waves offer decisive information about the mechanism of how scattering and attenuation take place. This review describes coda waves in detail, and summarizes the work done in this subject to 1986. The relation between coda waves and attenuation in the context of research on seismic scattering problems is stressed. Particular attention has been given to the application of coda waves to estimate source and medium parameters. The state-of-the-art of the temporal variations of coda wave shape, and the possible use of these variations as an earthquake precursor also are presented. Care has been taken to introduce the statistical models used to deal with the heterogeneities responsible for scattering.