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Probabilistic estimation of inelastic displacement demands in soil–structure interaction systems on cohesive soils

Inelastic displacement ratios (IDRs) of nonlinear soil–structure interaction (SSI) systems located at sites with cohesive soils are investigated in this study. To capture the effects of inelastic cyclic behavior of the supporting soil, the Beam on Nonlinear Winkler Foundation (BNWF) model is used. The superstructure is modeled using an inelastic single-degree-of-freedom (SDOF) system model. Nonlinear SSI systems representing various combinations of unconfined compressive strengths and shear wave velocities are considered in the analysis. A set of strong ground motions recorded at sites with soft to stiff soils is used for considering the record-to-record variability of IDRs. It is observed that IDRs for nonlinear SSI systems are sensitive to the strength and the stiffness properties of both the soil and the structure. For the case of SSI systems on the top of cohesive soils, the compressive strength of the soil has a significant impact on the IDRs, which cannot be captured by considering only the shear wave velocity of the soil. Based on the results of nonlinear time-history analysis, a new equation is proposed for estimating the mean and the dispersion of IDRs of SSI systems depending on the characteristic properties of the supporting soil, dimensions of the foundation, and properties of the superstructure. A probabilistic framework is presented for the performance-based seismic design of SSI systems located at sites with cohesive soils.     

Study on the seismic performance of a double spherical seismic isolation bearing

In this paper, the configuration and working mechanism of the recently developed double spherical seismic isolation （DSSI） bearing are introduced in detail. Then, vertical displacement of the DSSI bearing due to sliding on a spherical surface is analyzed. The results from seismic performance testing of the bearing are given, and a numerical analysis of a four span continuous girder bridge is performed. The numerical analysis compares the influence of three different bearing arrangement schemes on the structural seismic response, and the results show that the DSSI bearing is effective in increasing the vertical load bearing capacity, reducing the vertical displacement, and controlling the energy dissipation capacity within a certain range.     

地下工程围岩潜在岩爆问题评估方法

潜在岩爆评估是工程前期或可研阶段预估工程施工风险、建设成本和规划工程布置中的重要课题,现有单独采用岩爆倾向性或应力与强度之比的评价方法存在不足。文中建议了一种地下工程潜在岩爆问题评估方法,综合考虑了岩石力学特性、围岩质量和地应力三方面的内外在因素,归纳了岩爆对应的地质条件,总结认为岩爆主要发生在II、I类围岩。以体积应变反弯点为卸载控制点,改进了岩爆倾向性指数的试验方法。综合考虑岩石弹性能指数、应力强度比和主应力比3个因素,提出了潜在岩爆指数新指标,并给出了相应界限值,可为工程可研阶段岩爆风险预估提供了一种操作简单、逻辑科学的评估方法。     

挖填交界区格栅加筋路堤的试验和数值模拟分析

在对半挖半填路堤病害及成因分析的基础上,分析了加筋路堤格栅工作机制。通过现场试验,对采用格栅加筋法处理的路堤挖填交界区域进行了原位观测,观测了路堤填土完成时路面沉降、竖向土压力及格栅变形情况。通过建立有限元分析模型,对路堤填筑完成时格栅的拉力及位移进行了分析,并对不同路面荷载和格栅刚度条件下,格栅的拉力与位移进行了计算。结果表明：路堤挖填交界处铺设格栅后,路面局部差异沉降较小。填方区域格栅底部土压力与填土自重应力相当,格栅存在有效加筋长度,在挖填交界面附近产生较大变形和拉力。上层格栅比下层格栅沉降曲线平缓,下层格栅的拉力在交界区域会陡然增大。路面荷载对格栅拉力和位移有一定影响,随埋深增加影响减小,格栅的竖向位移随着荷载增大略有增大,格栅在挖填交界面附近拉力增大。随格栅刚度增大,其拉力也增大,而位移变化很小。     

A discrete element approach to elastic properties of layered geomaterials

Discrete element methods (DEMs) are used for layered geomaterials to investigate the dependency of traditional engineering constants on material properties and loading conditions. Shear deformations and compression tests parallel and perpendicular to layering are conducted on samples of varying kerogen volume fractions, confining pressures, porosities, and layer geometries. The goal of this article is to develop a method to better characterize oil shale (a transversely isotropic layered geomaterial) while eliminating high experimental costs. The DEM simulations conducted in this study demonstrate strong dependencies of Young's modulus, Poisson's ratio, and shear modulus on kerogen volume fraction and porosity. Furthermore, a rule of thumb for layer thickness and particle resolution is proposed for simulation design. Results agree well with robust effective medium theories, solidify the ability of DEM to model the mechanical properties of layered heterogenous materials, and encourage the use of DEM to study more complicated layered media and material failure. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

On the causes of pressure oscillations in low‐permeable and low‐compressible porous media

Nonphysical pressure oscillations are observed in finite element calculations of Biot's poroelastic equations in low‐permeable media. These pressure oscillations may be understood as a failure of compatibility between the finite element spaces, rather than elastic locking. We present evidence to support this view by comparing and contrasting the pressure oscillations in low‐permeable porous media with those in low‐compressible porous media. As a consequence, it is possible to use established families of stable mixed elements as candidates for choosing finite element spaces for Biot's equations. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

阻尼对地下隧道结构动力响应的影响

用弹性地基梁来模拟地下隧道结构,推出考虑弯曲、轴力、剪切、内外阻尼以及在双参数地基模型上的振动方程。引用地下管道近似的位移计算方法,计算地下隧道结构,避免积分变换的繁琐,通过一种特殊的分离变量法,使得动力荷载以强加位移和速度的方式施加,实例计算中涉及内外阻尼项,可以方便地求出自振频率和阻尼比的表达式和考虑阻尼后结构位移衰减曲线,得出对于地下结构内阻尼的影响很小的结论。     

通榆县2000-2014年沙质及盐碱质荒漠化监测

利用landsat7、landsat5和landsat8三期遥感影像,对通榆县2000-2014年沙质及盐碱质土地荒漠化变化进行监测。研究结果表明：①研究区荒漠化程度有减轻趋势,荒漠化等级与面积以及破碎程度虽个别有小幅度改变与上升,但整体呈现优化与下降趋势;②整体破碎度指数在2000-2007年由4.57 km2变为5.46 km2,2014年降为3.17 km2,说明研究区2014年荒漠化分布较为破碎零散,连通性较差,而2007年分布较为集中;③质心分布图表明通榆县研究年限内各类型荒漠化质心的位移轨迹呈现出先向东北平移再向南平移的趋势。     

圆洞弹性随机位移场的拟解析表达

研究弹性随机介质中圆形洞室的随机位移场的解析原理，并给出了无衬砌圆洞随机位移场的拟解析式及其统计特征。可作为随机场数值计算方法的参考算例。