前后向平滑算法在动态精密单点定位中的应用

针对PPP初始收敛段定位精度低而造成的定位结果无法利用的问题,文章提出将前后向平滑算法应用于动态PPP解算中,以获取整个观测时段的高精度定位结果;针对PPP成果缺乏质量检核手段的问题,文章提出构造前后向位置不符值作为质量检核指标。模拟动态算例和船载动态算例表明:平滑后的动态PPP克服了前向、后向滤波初始收敛段定位精度差的问题,整体位置误差RMS在10cm内,提高了数据利用率;收敛段的前后向位置不符值RMS也在10cm内,该指标可用来对PPP成果进行质量检核。     

化简方法在线要素匹配中的应用及性能评估

多源同名线要素数据局部细节差异较大,但整体形态基本上是一致的,化简算法可以删除线要素的局部细节,提取其主要形态,从而有助于匹配算法提升匹配正确率。不同化简算法的化简效果存在差异,提升匹配正确率的效果也存在差异。本文提出了利用线要素匹配来评估化简算法性能的方法。首先,阐述了动态化简带动动态匹配的方法和过程;其次,采用3种不同的化简算法进行试验,验证了所提方法提高已有匹配算法匹配正确率的有效性,以及对化简算法的普遍适用性;最后,根据加入3种化简算法的不同匹配结果,从匹配的角度对化简算法适用性进行了比较评估。     

基于分形理论的建筑物沉降观测数据处理

建筑物在施工、运营阶段受主体荷载等各种因素影响会产生沉降变形,为了利于建筑物沉降分析,保障建筑物安全,分析了分形理论在建筑物沉降数据处理中的可行性。通过实例,得出了基于分形理论的建筑物沉降数据处理方法。     

Integrating environmental variables and WorldView-2 image data to improve the prediction and mapping of Thaumastocoris peregrinus (bronze bug) damage in plantation forests

This study integrated environmental variables together with high spectral resolution WorldView-2 imagery to detect and map Thaumastocoris peregrinus damage in Eucalypt plantation forests in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. The WorldView-2 bands, vegetation indices and environmental variables were entered separately into PLS regression models to predict T. peregrinus damage. The datasets were then integrated to test the collective strength in predicting T. peregrinus damage. Important variables were identified by variable importance (VIP) scores and were re-entered into a PLS regression model. The VIP model was then extrapolated to map the severity of damage and predicted T. peregrinus damage with an R² value of 0.71 and a RMSE of 3.26% on an independent test dataset. The red edge and near-infrared bands of the WorldView-2 sensor together with the temperature dataset were identified as important variables in predicting T. peregrinus damage. The results indicate the potential of integrating WorldView-2 data and environmental variables to improve the mapping and monitoring of insect outbreaks in plantation forests. The result is critical for plantation health monitoring using a new sensor which contains important vegetation wavelengths.     

Assessing integration of intensity,polarimetric scattering,interferometric coherence and spatial texture metrics in PALSAR-derived land cover classification

Synthetic aperture radar (SAR) is an important alternative to optical remote sensing due to its ability to acquire data regardless of weather conditions and day/night cycle. The Phased Array type L-band SAR (PALSAR) onboard the Advanced Land Observing Satellite (ALOS) provided new opportunities for vegetation and land cover mapping. Most previous studies employing PALSAR investigated the use of one or two feature types (e.g. intensity, coherence); however, little effort has been devoted to assessing the simultaneous integration of multiple types of features. In this study, we bridged this gap by evaluating the potential of using numerous metrics expressing four feature types: intensity, polarimetric scattering, interferometric coherence and spatial texture. Our case study was conducted in Central New York State, USA using multitemporal PALSAR imagery from 2010. The land cover classification implemented an ensemble learning algorithm, namely random forest. Accuracies of each classified map produced from different combinations of features were assessed on a pixel-by-pixel basis using validation data obtained from a stratified random sample. Among the different combinations of feature types evaluated, intensity was the most indispensable because intensity was included in all of the highest accuracy scenarios. However, relative to using only intensity metrics, combining all four feature types increased overall accuracy by 7%. Producer’s and user’s accuracies of the four vegetation classes improved considerably for the best performing combination of features when compared to classifications using only a single feature type.     

南京测绘成果数据质量评定系统的设计与实现

本文依据测绘成果质量检查与验收的相关规定,结合南京的测绘产品质量管理的实际情况,实现了检验方案的制定、质量检查、质量评价等工作流程,达到了质量评定的规范化管理的目的,实现质量评定成果统一化、规则化和标准化,具有较广泛的推广应用价值。     

基于工作过程导向的高职《数字测图》课程考核改革与实践

现阶段我国高等职业教育人才培养评价机制大多沿袭高等本科教育的考核评价方式,忽视了职业教育的职业性。考核评价的客观性受到质疑,不利于教学质量的提高,特别是不能满足当前基于工作过程导的高职教学改革的需求。因此,探索适合职业教育特征,能够结合行业要求和学校教育特点来评价学生的职业能力,使考核评价有效促进教学质量的提高,为课程教学的实施提供有效保障的课程考核方案已成为摆在每一位高职教师面前的迫切任务,本文根据基于工作过程的高职课程教学理念,介绍了高职测绘类专业中基于工作过程的《数字测图》课程教学考核方案的设计改革与实践,通过江西环境工程职业学院2个班级的考核实践,证明了本课程的考核方案改革取得了预期的成效。     

1∶10000图库一体化数据质量评价与控制方法研究

以1∶10 000图库一体化数据成果为研究对象,结合1∶10 000图库一体化数据生产流程,分析了图库一体化数据特征,对图库一体化数据生产过程中各个环节的质量控制方法和质量评价内容进行探讨试验,提出了一体化数据的质量评价内容和图库一体化生产环节中的质量控制方法.     

国土资源卫星遥感数据应用评估系统构建

从国土资源应用出发,在“指标-模拟-评估-指标修改-模拟-评估”模式的基础上,构建了由软件系统、硬件系统、技术标准和技术方法4部分组成的评估系统,建立了较为完整的卫星数据应用评价技术方法体系,为实现在卫星研制初期就真正开展天地一体的我国卫星研制和应用的发展路线,提供了新的思路和技术体系支撑。     

基于3S技术的野生动物生境评价与保护研究——以高黎贡山羚牛为例

在3S技术和数理统计分析技术支持下,应用羚牛行为生态学研究成果,在研究羚牛生境分布与空间格局的基础上,通过空间分析,开展高黎贡山北段羚牛生境适宜性评价与保护研究。研究结果表明:适宜羚牛生存的生境面积有限,并有逐年减少的趋势,为有效保护高黎贡山羚牛,有必要加强羚牛现有生境保护,尤其是最适宜生境的保护;消除羚牛生境阻隔因素,增强生境连通性。