东昆仑成矿带东段井中物探找矿中的几个实例

在“东昆仑成矿带东段资源评价井中立体物探方法技术示范”项目中,在典型地区选择多种井中物探方法进行试验,取得了较好的应用效果,为在高寒山区物探找矿起到较好的示范作用.     

初论中亚黑色岩系型金矿床的基本特征——兼论新疆黑色岩系型金矿找矿方向

黑色岩系型金矿床实质上是一种早期形成于富含碳质细碎屑岩建造的滨浅海还原环境,后期经强烈区域低温强动力挤压作用改造形成于韧性剪切带中的低温变质热液金矿床,属韧剪型金矿的1个亚型.在20世纪80年代后引起重视,在世界各地,特别是中亚地区和我国新疆及西南地区取得许多重大找矿突破.中亚地区黑色岩型金矿床十分发育,形成了以穆龙套、库姆托尔、巴克尔奇克为代表的诸多特大型、超大型和大型金矿床.这类矿床具低温蚀变、韧剪性显著、富含碳质和含金石英脉等特点.新疆黑色岩系型金矿成矿地质背景和成矿地质构造条件优越,找矿前景广阔.主要成矿时代为前二叠纪,其次是二叠—三叠纪(昆仑),找矿有利成矿区带主要是北准噶尔、中天山、南天山、东昆仑和北天山,其次有阿尔泰和东准噶尔等地.     

阜东斜坡-北三台地区成藏动力学系统研究

成藏动力学系统是在含油气系统理论的基础上,针对油气流体矿产的特点而提出来的.含油气盆地实质上不仅是一个"低温热化学反应器",更是一个复杂的流体(油气水)渗流的成藏动力系统.油气从源岩到圈闭的作用机制和过程非常复杂,通过探讨油气成藏各个环节,指出影响油气赋存的因素,可以指导油气勘探工作.基于成藏动力学系统理论,将阜东斜坡-北三台地区划分为8个成藏动力学系统,建立了6个成藏动力学模式,提出2个勘探导向目标:①在勘探程度较低的白垩系寻找它源多向充足的油气藏类型;②在斜坡区寻找以三叠系小泉沟群为源岩所形成的自源封闭型高压油气藏.     

云南白秧坪东矿区控矿断裂带构造岩的方解石组构

断裂带构造岩的方解石组构综合分析,可以推断构造活动的应力场方位,利用e双晶的C—T(C—压应力轴,T—张应力轴)图解推断古应力的方位,已为众多的地质学家在实践中引用。云南白秧坪东矿区推覆构造的华昌山断裂带和水磨房断裂带,是矿区的主要控矿构造,其构造岩的方解石及e双晶极点组构均显示点极密加环带的型式,大部分发育近岩组坐标c轴的光轴极密,代表光轴方向的压力导致沿岩组坐标ab面滑动;在C—T应力系统中,显示华昌山、水磨房断裂带晚期较强烈活动的应力场方位,主压应力方向为SE-NW向,主张应力方向为NE-SW向,断层以左旋运动为主;华昌山断裂带SE盘往NW方向逆冲,水磨房断裂带则由NW往SE方向反冲,与野外宏观构造分析吻合。     

基于地理信息元组的分类预测理论及应用——以中亚矿集区预测为例

地理信息科学的迅速发展为矿集区预测提供了新的理论依据,使地理信息理论、相应的技术方法组合及应用的整体研究成为可能。在大量理论和实验研究的基础上提出了基于地理信息元组的分类预测理论体系,该理论体系由六个概念、一个空间信息本质、两个空间信息特性以及六个空间信息相关方法和约定的构成。并在该理论体系基础上结合空间数据分析方法和探索式空间数据分析方法,建立了基于地理信息元组的分类预测模型。应用该模型在中亚区域实现了Au矿集区预测目标。为中亚成矿域中其它区域(如新疆)的矿集区预测研究奠定了理论与方法论基础。     

The past valley glacier network in the Himalayas and the Tibetan ice sheet during the last glacial period and its glacial-isostatic, eustatic and climatic consequences

Since 1973 new data were obtained on the maximum extent of glaciation in High Asia. Evidence for an ice sheet covering Tibet during the Last Glacial Period means a radical rethinking about glaciation in the Northern Hemisphere. The ice sheet's subtropical latitude, vast size (2.4 million km²) and high elevation (6000 m asl) are supposed to have resulted in a substantial, albedo-induced cooling of the Earth's atmosphere and the disruption of summer monsoon circulation. Moraines were found to reach down to 460 m asl on the southern flank of the Himalayas and to 2300 m asl on the northern slope of the Tibetan Plateau, in the Qilian Shan region. On the northern slopes of the Karakoram, Aghil and Kuen-Lun mountains, moraines occur as far down as 1900 m asl. In southern Tibet radiographic analyses of erratics suggest a former ice thickness of at least 1200 m. Glacial polish and roches moutonnées in the Himalayas and Karakoram suggest former glaciers as thick as 1200–2700 m. On the basis of this evidence, a 1100–1600 m lower equilibrium line (ELA) has been reconstructed, resulting in an ice sheet of 2.4 million km², covering almost all of Tibet. Radiometric ages, obtained by different methods, classify this glaciation as isotope stage 3–2 in age (Würmian = last glacial period). With the help of 13 climate measuring stations, radiation- and radiation balance measurements have been carried out between 3800 and 6650 m asl in Tibet. They indicate that the subtropical global radiation reaches its highest energies on the High Plateau, thus making Tibet today's most important heating surface of the atmosphere. At glacial times 70% of those energies were reflected into space by the snow and firn of the 2.4 million km² extended glacier area covering the upland. As a result, 32% of the entire global cooling during the ice ages, determined by the albedo, were brought about by this area — now the most significant cooling surface. The uplift of Tibet to a high altitude about 2.75 Ma ago, coincides with the commencement of the Quaternary Ice Ages. When the Plateau was lifted above the snowline (= ELA) and glaciated, this cooling effect gave rise to the global depression of the snowline and to the first Ice Age. The interglacial periods are explained by the glacial-isostatic lowering of Tibet by 650 m, having the effect that the initial Tibet ice – which had evoked the build-up of the much more extended lowland ices – could completely melt away in a period of positive radiation anomalies. The next ice age begins, when – because of the glacial-isostatic reverse uplift – the surface of the Plateau has again reached the snowline. This explains, why the orbital variations (Milankovic-theory) could only have a modifying effect on the Quaternary climate dynamic, but were not primarily time-giving: as long as Tibet does not glaciate automatically by rising above the snowline, the depression in temperature is not sufficient for initiating a worldwide ice age; if Tibet is glaciated, but not yet lowered isostatically, a warming-up by 4 °C might be able to cause an important loss in surface but no deglaciation, so that its cooling effect remains in a maximum intensity. Only a glaciation of the Plateau lowered by isostasy, can be removed through a sufficiently strong warming phase, so that interglacial climate conditions are prevailing until a renewed uplift of Tibet sets in up to the altitude of glaciation.An average ice thickness for all of Tibet of approximately 1000 m would imply that 2.2 million km³ of water were stored in the Tibetan ice sheet. This would correspond to a lowering in sea level of about 5.4 m.     

中国春季土壤湿度与东亚夏季风的关系

利用1981～2002年全国土壤湿度资料,利用相关分析发现东亚夏季风和河套地区及西南地区春季土壤湿度之间存在较大的正相关,利用这两个区域的春季土壤湿度定义了一个标准化春季土壤湿度指数（SMI）,结果发现：（1）SMI和东亚夏季风的强弱相关较好。高指数年东亚季风区低空西南夏季风气流和高层东风气流明显偏强,表明这一年夏季风偏强,低指数年则相反;（2）强SMI年,西太平洋副热带高压位置偏北,强度偏弱,西风扰动带偏北,有利于夏季风北推,不利于北方冷空气南下与之交汇,使得锋区偏北,位于华北、东北地区。弱SMI年则反之;（3）SMI能够较好地反映东部地区夏季降水,在强SMI年,长江流域降水明显偏少,而华北和河套地区的降水明显增多,而弱SMI年正好相反,这与东亚夏季风降水的环流形势也较为吻合（;4）SMI指数存在明显的4～6年和准2年的周期振荡,但其振幅和周期又有明显的周期变化。在对东亚夏季风强度的预报能力上,负的SMI对弱东亚夏季风的预报能力要强于正SMI对强东亚夏季风的预报能力。     

The occurrence of bothriodontines (Artiodactyla, Mammalia) in the Paleogene of Asia with special reference to Elomeryx: Paleobiogeographical implications

Anthracotheriid remains from several Paleogene localities of central and eastern Asia have been re-examined. Several fossil remains attributed to the genera Bothriodon, Brachyodus and Hyoboops can be referred to Elomeryx which extends the geographical distribution of the genus to the whole area of Asia. These results demonstrate the role that Asia played in the biogeographical history of mammals and further support the proposed origin of North American Elomeryx from an Asian ancestor.     

The Higo metamorphic complex in Kyushu, Japan as the fragment of Permo–Triassic metamorphic complexes in East Asia

The Higo terrane in west-central Kyushu Island, southwest Japan consists from north to south of the Manotani, Higo and Ryuhozan metamorphic complexes, which are intruded by the Higo plutonic complex (Miyanohara tonalite and Shiraishino granodiorite).The Higo and Manotani metamorphic complexes indicate an imbricate crustal section in which a sequence of metamorphic rocks with increasing metamorphic grade from high (northern part) to low (southern part) structural levels is exposed. The metamorphic rocks in these complexes can be divided into five metamorphic zones (zone A to zone E) from top to base (i.e., from north to south) on the basis of mineral parageneses of pelitic rocks. Greenschist-facies mineral assemblages in zone A (the Manotani metamorphic complex) give way to amphibolite-facies assemblages in zones B, C and D, which in turn are replaced by granulite-facies assemblages in zone E of the Higo metamorphic complex. The highest-grade part of the complex (zone E) indicates peak P–T conditions of ca. 720 MPa and ca. 870 °C. In addition highly aluminous Spr-bearing granulites and related high-temperature metamorphic rocks occur as blocks in peridotite intrusions and show UHT-metamorphic conditions of ca. 900 MPa and ca. 950 °C. The prograde and retrograde P–T evolution paths of the Higo and Manotani metamorphic complexes are estimated using reaction textures, mineral inclusion analyses and mineral chemistries, especially in zones A and D, which show a clockwise P–T path from Lws-including Pmp–Act field to Act–Chl–Epi field in zone A and St–Ky field to And field through Sil field in zone D.The Higo metamorphic complex has been traditionally considered to be the western-end of the Ryoke metamorphic belt in the Japanese Islands or part of the Kurosegawa–Paleo Ryoke terrane in south-west Japan. However, recent detailed studies including Permo–Triassic age (ca. 250 Ma) determinations from this complex indicate a close relationship with the high-grade metamorphic terranes in eastern-most Asia (e.g., north Dabie terrane) with similar metamorphic and igneous characteristics, protolith assembly, and metamorphic and igneous ages. The north Dabie high-grade terrane as a collisional metamorphic zone between the North China and the South China cratons could be extended to the N-NE along the transcurrent fault (Tan-Lu Fault) as the Sulu belt in Shandong Peninsula and the Imjingang belt in Korean Peninsula. The Higo and Manotani metamorphic complexes as well as the Hida–Oki terrane in Japan would also have belonged to this type of collisional terrane and then experienced a top-to-the-south displacement with forming a regional nappe structure before the intrusion of younger Shiraishino granodiorite (ca. 120 Ma).     

An intercomparison of four wet deposition schemes used in dust transport modeling

The characteristics of four wet deposition schemes widely used in dust modeling studies are examined within the framework of a regional scale dust model. Since these schemes are based on different formulations, the scavenging coefficients of them deviate by a factor of 10³ depending on precipitation rate and particle size. The four schemes coupled with the dust model are applied to simulate a 2002 Asian dust event. The corresponding wet deposition patterns and scavenging efficiencies are compared. It is found that apart from the scheme derived from scavenging coefficient measurements, the other three schemes give similar wet deposition patterns although their scavenging efficiencies are different depending on the particle-size range. The results suggest that the performances of these schemes are affected by the particle size distribution of the dust emission, together with the model's performance of precipitation prediction.