台湾岛以东A-24C及A-50C岩芯中的放射虫化石与沉积环境

根据对台湾岛以东海域A-24C,A-50C岩芯中放射虫化石的分析结果,并借助WP3岩芯有孔虫,δ^18O曲线分析,测试资料,对两岩芯地层作了对比与划分,结果显示：两岩芯的上部（A-24C为0～30cm,A-50C为0～35cm）属全新世沉积;下部（A-24C为30～234cm,A-50C为35～163cm）属晚期更新世沉积。 两岩芯中放射虫丰度、分异度的变化与黑潮主流线的摆动密度相关。末次冰期时的低海面导致黑潮主流线移至研究区（125℃E）以东,放射虫丰度,分异度出现低值,有的层位出现零值,而随着海面回升,黑潮逐渐移至现在的位置,放射虫的丰度,分异度出现高值,另外综合该区分析资料,推算两岩芯的平均沉积速率为A-24C岩芯全新世3cm,晚期更新世12.6cm,A-50C岩芯全新世2.9cm,晚更新世12.4cm,晚期更新世沉积速率均大于全新世。     

Determination of source parameters of small earthquakes in the east part of Guandong and south part of Fujian Province

Determination of source parameters of small earthquakes from amplitude ratios of and is studied in this paper when the distribution of the regional seismic network is skew to the earthquakes. The distribution of stations of the seismic network was to one side of the 17 earthquakes chosen from among 39 earthquakes in the east part of Guangdong and south part of Fujiang Province. The distribution of stations was classified into three types according to their relative positions with respect to the chosen earthquakes and the experiments of artificial data were done. Excellent results were also presented in various unfavourable conditions by using the method. As to the 39 small earthquakes recorded by the network in east Guangdong and south Fujian Province from 1982 to 1986, the results can be summarized as follows: Most of the fault planes of the earthquakes apear to be steep. Most of the principal compression stressesP and tensile stressesT are nearly horizontal, concentrating in the WNW-ESE direction. The Chinese version of this paper appeared in the Chinese edition ofActa Seismologica Sinia,13, 420–429, 1991.     

Geo-informational simulation of possible changes in Central Asian water resources

This study simulates water resources in the Tien Shan alpine basins to forecast how global and regional climate changes would affect river runoff. The model employed annual mean values for the major characteristics of the water cycle: annual air temperature, precipitation, evapotranspiration and river runoff. The simulation was based on 304 hydro-meteorological stations, 23 precipitation sites, 328 high altitudinal points with glaciological measurements, 123 stream-gauges, and 54 evaporation sites, and it took into account topography. The findings were simulated over Tien Shan relief using a 1:500,000 scale 100 m grid resolution Digital Elevation Model. An applicable GIS-based distributed River Runoff Model was implemented in regional conditions and tested in the Tien Shan basins. The annual evapotranspiration exceeds the river runoff in the Tien Shan watersheds particularly up to 3700 m. Hypothetical climate-change scenarios in the Tien Shan predict that by 2100 river runoff will increase by 1.047 times with an increase in air temperature averaging 3 °C and an increase in precipitation averaging 1.2 times the current levels. Change in precipitation, rather than temperature, is the main parameter determining river runoff in the Tien Shan. The maximum ratio for predicted river runoff could reach up to 2.2 and the minimum is predicted to be 0.55 times current levels. This possibly dramatic change in river runoff indicates on non-linear system response caused mainly by the non-linear response of evapotranspiration from air temperature and precipitation changes. In the frame of forecasted possible climate change scenarios the probability of river runoff growth amounts 83–87% and probability of this decline is 17–13% by 2100 in the Tien Shan River basins.     

中国北方中生代逆冲推覆构造研究进展

推覆构造是陆内构造变形中地壳缩短的重要方式之一, 是记录盆山结合带-造山带形成演化过程的重要载体。中国北方位于中亚造山带南部及周缘地区, 分布了多个逆冲推覆构造带。本文通过对这些推覆构造相关的几何学、运动学和年代学等资料的综合收集分析, 梳理了中国北方众多中生代逆冲推覆构造的时空展布特征、形成时代及形成机制等。在空间展布上, 这些推覆构造沿中国北方近东西向展布, 推覆距离几十~几百公里不等, 属于浅层次脆性变形。在形成时代上, 这些推覆构造的时代可以和燕山运动主挤压变形期相对应, 分为早(170~160 Ma)和晚(150~135 Ma)两期。在动力学机制上, 本文将推覆体可分为东西两段, 西段主体的逆冲方向为北东—南西向, 可能受控于鄂霍次克洋闭合和班公湖—怒江缝合带闭合的综合影响; 东段主体逆冲方向为北西—南东向, 可能主要受控于鄂霍茨克洋的闭合与古太平洋板块俯冲的远程应力影响。     

印尼西婆罗洲早白垩世Mensibau花岗岩类的成因及构造意义

婆罗洲西部(印尼)在中生代期间处于特提斯构造域和古太平洋构造域交汇地带,是全球少有的多重板块动力学体制既有先后叠加又有同时复合的独特大地构造单元。因此,该区相关花岗岩类成因及构造背景的研究对揭示东南亚构造—岩浆演化历史及多重构造体制叠合造山作用下的岩浆演化机制至关重要。笔者等对西婆罗洲Mensibau岩基的花岗岩类进行了锆石U-Pb年代学、元素地球化学和Sr-Nd-Hf同位素分析。其中,石英二长岩和钾长花岗岩样品的LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb同位素年龄分别为126.9±2.1 Ma和141.8±2.6 Ma,表明岩体形成于早白垩世,岩浆活动至少持续了15 Ma。Mensibau花岗岩类具有高SiO₂(67.5%～73.3%)、高K₂O (4.3%～5.4%)和低P₂O₅(0.07%～0.14%)的元素含量特征,铝饱和指数(A/CNK)为0.92～1.06,并且含角闪石,属准铝质—弱过铝质I型花岗岩类。这些花岗岩类具有轻稀土元素(LREEs)富集和重稀土元素(HREEs)亏损,弱的负铕异常(δEu=...     

Impacts of large-scale teleconnections on climate variability over Southwest Asia

The atmospheric low frequency variability at a regional or global scale is represented by teleconnection. Using monthly dataset of the Climatic Research Unit (CRU) for the period 1971–2016, the impacts of four large-scale teleconnection patterns on the climate variability over Southwest Asia are investigated. The large-scale features include the El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO), the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) and the East Atlantic (EA) teleconnection patterns, as well as western tropical Indian Ocean (WTIO) sea surface temperature anomaly index. Results indicate that ENSO and EA are the first leading modes that explain variation of Southwest Asian precipitation, with positive (negative) anomalies during El Niño (La Niña) and the negative (positive) phase of EA. Variation of Southwest Asian near-surface temperature is most strongly related to WTIO index, with above-average (below-average) temperature during the positive (negative) phase of WTIO index, although the negative (positive) phase of NAO also favours the above-average (below-average) temperature. On the other hand, temperature (precipitation) over Southwest Asia shows the least response to ENSO (WTIO). ENSO and EA individually explain 13 percent annual variance of precipitation, while WTIO index explains 36 percent annual variance of near-surface temperature over Southwest Asia. Analysis of the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) reanalysis Interim (ERA-Interim) data indicated establishments of negative (positive) geopotential height anomalies in the middle troposphere over Southwest Asia during El Niño (La Niña) or the negative (positive) phase of NAO, EA and WTIO. The response of precipitation variability over Southwest Asia to NAO is opposite to that expected from the geopotential height anomalies, but the correlation between precipitation and NAO is not statistically significant. Due to predictability of large-scale teleconnections, results of this study are encouraging for improvement of the state-of-the-art seasonal prediction of the climate over Southwest Asia.     

中亚五国局地暴雨及其环流特征

采用NCEP/NCAR全球逐日格点再分析资料,分析了中亚五国暴雨的落区特征,归纳了不同落区暴雨环流形势的天气学特点。结果表明：中亚五国暴雨次数较少,局地性强。暴雨三个相对集中的区域分别为哈萨克斯坦西部、北部和东部。中亚五国暴雨的环流可分为11个环流型。中亚五国暴雨的影响系统主要为东欧低值系统东南伸,西西伯利亚低值系统西南伸,以及中纬度西风带上东移的短波。伊朗脊是控制中亚五国降水的主要天气系统。中亚五国降水主要有3个水汽源地,分别是地中海,大西洋和北冰洋。     

On the present habitats and ecology of Vertigo pseudosubstriata Ložek, 1954 (Mollusca,Gastropoda, Vertiginidea) in Central Asia and its distribution history in Central and Eastern Europe

The small terrestrial gastropod Vertigo pseudosubstriata Ložek, 1954 is one of the rarest glacial indicator species in the Pleistocene of Central and Eastern Europe. In all, this species has been found at only about 15 sites in Europe. V. pseudosubstriata was initially described as a fossil in Central Europe and was discovered only later alive in Central Asia. With regard to its modern distribution, 25 habitats with V. pseudosubstriata have been examined in Tien Shan and in the central and southern Altai. These findings seem to capture the contemporary distribution of the species and provide information on the boundaries of its ecological requirements. These data are of great significance for the interpretation of the fossil assemblages. Since the few fossil specimens in Europe date from very different glacial periods in the Elsterian, Saalian Complex and Weichselian, it can be concluded that V. pseudosubstriata apparently immigrated in at least three distinct waves. Most of the Pleistocene specimens in eastern Central Europe and Eastern Europe are reported from archaeological sites of the Upper Middle Weichselian (Gravettian), roughly between 33 and 29 ka cal bp. In this paper, we review all reported modern and fossil occurrences and discuss the species' ecological range.     

东准噶尔巴斯克花岗岩闪长岩锆石U-Pb年龄、地球化学特征及其构造意义

巴斯克花岗闪长岩位于野马泉岛弧内,本文综合野外地质、岩相学、地球化学以及锆石U-Pb年代学等多学科手段,进而为该地区晚石炭世时期构造背景提供岩浆岩约束。岩石地球化学研究表明,岩体主量元素具有高硅、准铝—弱过铝质、钙碱性的I型花岗岩特征;岩石样品稀土元素总量在83.79×10-6至 125.67×10-6之间,且轻/重稀土之间的比值介于5.32至8.63之间(平均值为7.1),指示轻稀土较重稀土富集。Eu 元素轻度负异常 (δEu=0.69~0.89)。样品富集大离子亲石元素(如K、Rb、Ba),且亏损高场强元素(HFSE,如Nb、Ta和Ti)及P, Nb、Ta负异常明显。岩体锆石206U/238Pb加权平均年龄为301.3±2.5 Ma (MSWD=0.33)和310.7±3.6 Ma (MSWD=0.75),表明岩体形成时代为晚石炭世。综合区域地质特征、岩石地球化学和岩浆源区特征,表明东准噶尔地区晚石炭世(310~301 Ma)处于造山带碰撞后的陆壳伸展构造体制,且岩浆具有壳幔混合和分批熔融、增量生长的特征。