水成物分析及在数值模式中的应用综述

利用NCEP/NCAR逐候再分析资料,定义并计算了反映亚洲夏季风系统中各成员变化活动的指标参数,在此基础上用时滞相关分析方法,对亚洲夏季风系统诸成员与西太平洋副高面积指数的相关性进行了诊断分析,给出了夏季风系统成员之间相互影响、相互制约的基本作用过程。分析结果表明,亚洲夏季风系统成员与西太平洋副高指数之间存在着不同程度的显著时滞相关,各系统成员与西太平洋副高相互作用、互为反馈,构成了亚洲夏季风系统有机的活动整体。     

新疆东准噶尔北部扎河坝富碱花岗质岩石矿物学特征及物理化学条件

新疆东准噶尔北部扎河坝富碱花岗质岩石分布于乌伦古大断裂与额尔齐斯-玛因鄂博大断裂之间。富碱花岗岩类有石英碱性正长岩、碱性长石花岗岩、石英二长斑岩及碱性长石正长岩等岩石类型。在详细的显微镜观察基础上,全岩分析和电子探针分析结果表明,富碱花岗质岩中的矿物组合是碱性长石 石英 钠铁闪石 霓辉石,以出现高硅、富碱、贫铝、低钙、低镁、高铁、高锰、贫水为特征。铁钛氧化物温度计估算出的富碱花岗岩体结晶温度在650℃~755℃之间,氧逸度为10-17.17Pa~10-14.39Pa,结合钠铁闪石的特征,碱性岩浆演化后期存在着明显的水-岩作用,扎河坝富碱花岗质岩石形成于低压、高氧逸度、中高温环境,反映了相对开放、浅成的形成环境。     

Surface water and aerosol spatiotemporal dynamics and influence mechanisms over drylands

Under the background of global warming and excessive human activities, much surface water in drylands is experiencing rapid degradation or shrinkage in recent years. The shrinkage of surface water, especially the degradation of lakes and their adjacent wetlands in drylands, may lead to the emergence of new salt dust storm hotspots, which causes greater danger. In this paper, based on high spatial resolution global surface water (GSW) and multiangle implementation of atmospheric correction (MAIAC) AOD data, we systematically analyze the dynamic characteristics of surface water and aerosols in typical drylands (Central Asia, CA) between 2000 and 2018. Simultaneously, combined with auxiliary environment variables, we explore the driving mechanisms of surface water on the regional salt/sand aerosols on different spatial scales. The results show that the seasonal surface water features an increasing trend, especially a more dramatic increase after 2015, and the permanent surface water indicates an overall decrease, with nearly 54.367 % at risk of receding and drying up. In typical lakes (Aral Sea and Ebinur Lake), the interannual change feature of the surface water area (WA) is that a continuous decrease during the study period occurs in Aral Sea area, yet a significant improvement has occurred in Ebinur Lake after 2015, and the degradation of Ebinur Lake takes place later and its recovery earlier than Aral Sea. The aerosol optical depth (AOD) in CA shows obvious seasonal variation, with the largest in spring (0.192 ± 0173), next in summer (0.169 ± 0.106), and the smallest in autumn (0.123 ± 0.065). The interannual variation of AOD exhibits an increase from 2000 to 2018 in CA, with high AOD areas mainly concentrated in the Taklamakan Desert and some lake beds resulting from lake degradation, including Aral Sea and Ebinur Lake. The AOD holds a similar trend between Aral Sea and Ebinur Lake on an interannual scale. And the AOD over Ebinur Lake is lower than that over Aral Sea in magnitude and lags behind in reaching the peak compared with Aral Sea. The WA change can significantly affect aerosol variation directly or indirectly on the aerosol load or mode size, but there are obvious differences in the driving mechanisms, acting paths, and influence magnitude of WA on aerosols on different spatial scales. In addition, the increase of WA can significantly directly suppress the increase of Ångström exponent (AE), and the effects of WA on AOD are realized majorly by an indirect approach. From the typical lake perspective, the effects of WA on aerosol in Aral Sea are achieved via an indirect path; and the decrease of WA can indirectly promote the AOD rise, and directly stimulate the AE growth in Ebinur Lake.     

东亚地区现代地壳运动特征与构造变形

根据“中国地壳运动观测网络”首次发布的GPS观测结果以及国际地球自转服务中心在 2 0 0 0年发布的ITRF97下的站速度矢量和“东南亚地球动力学项目”GPS网的观测结果 ,讨论了东亚地区现今地壳运动和构造变形特征。在ITRF97参考系下 ,中国大陆东部现今地壳运动以向南东方向(12 0 130°)运动为主 ,量值平均为 35mm/a ,西部受印度板块向北东碰撞的影响 ,运动方向发生偏转 ,呈显北东—近东西向运动 ,但这种影响涉及的范围达到了准噶尔盆地北缘一线 ,说明碰撞型板块边界对板内变形的影响远大于俯冲型板块边界。平均来看 ,75 %以上的印度板块相对于欧亚板块间的南北向缩短是通过地壳增厚变形来吸收的 ,这意味着在调节整个青藏高原构造变形的过程中 ,逆断和地壳增厚起了主要的作用。东南亚块体总体上与欧亚板块的运动有所差异 ,相对于欧亚大陆有 10mm/a左右向东的运动。菲律宾板块南部向西的运动速度只有 2 4mm/a。包括华南地块在内的东南亚块体的运动不仅仅是与印度板块的碰撞过程有关 ,也应当与沿着东南亚块体东边界的俯冲过程有关。     

东秦岭(河南段)二郎坪群铜多金属成矿环境及成矿效应

二郎坪群位于北秦岭造山带中,在二郎坪群这套火山—沉积岩系中,含有在河南省占有重要地位的铜多金属矿。文章通过对二郎坪群的沉积建造特征、变基性火山岩的形成环境和岩浆来源特征的研究,认为二郎坪群形成于弧后盆地环境,其盆地规模和岩浆来源在盆地东西方向上存在差异,而铜多金属矿床成矿作用与二郎坪群的形成环境和变基性火山岩岩浆来源有着紧密的内在联系。二郎坪群弧后盆地在海底喷流作用下形成了不同成矿元素组合的铜-锌型和铅-锌型两种矿床类型。     

基于CMIP5的东亚地区降雪量变化特征分析

利用JMA的JRA-55降雪量及CMIP5的6个模式模拟的降雪量资料, 分析了东亚地区降雪量年变化特征及年际变化特征. 结果表明: 东亚地区降雪量在1958-2004年期间具有明显的年际变化特征及区域分布特征; 降雪主要集中在11月至翌年的4月, 这6个月中降雪量占年总降雪量的82%; 年际变化特征呈现出一种波动变化略有增加的趋势, 但是增加的幅度有所不同. 从区域分布特征来看, 东亚地区降雪主要分布在东北亚、青藏高原及新疆等3个区域. CMIP5的6个模式对东亚区域及其子区域东北亚、青藏高原、新疆1850-2004年降雪量年际变化特征的模拟差异较大. 多模式集合预报的结果表现为, 在过去155 a(1850-2004年)东亚区域降雪量呈现明显减小趋势, 东北亚和青藏高原降雪量为波动略有减小趋势, 新疆降雪量为明显增加趋势.     

北黄海盆地东部前中生界基底特征

北黄海盆地是中国近海唯一未获得油气突破及勘探程度最低的含油气盆地（朝鲜已在该盆地东部实现了工业性油气突破）,朝鲜在东部凹陷的3口钻井证实北黄海盆地东部凹陷主体前中生界基底是下古生界(Pz₁)地层,与上覆以砂泥岩为主的中-新生界地层在地球物理特征上有很大差异,该特征提供了以地球物理资料推断和确定中-新生界盆地基底特征的可靠性。通过重力、磁力及大量多道地震资料解释认为,北黄海盆地前中生界基底最大埋深约5.5 km,凹陷主体部位前中生界基底以下古生界碳酸盐岩为主,其东北角可能存在上古生界碎屑岩基底,而凹陷南部可能是元古界浅变质岩基底。     

东昆仑东段哈日扎地区含矿斑岩特征及找矿潜力分析

东昆仑东段都兰哈日扎地区出露比较典型的燕山期花岗闪长斑岩,斑岩体以少暗色矿物、多巨斑、石英斑晶具熔蚀现象、普遍见孔雀石化和地表"火烧皮"为特征。斑岩形成于后碰撞伸展构造环境,是加厚陆壳背景环境下的底侵、拆沉构造作用的结果。斑岩具全岩铜矿化特征,属于大陆环境下的斑岩型矿床。从其成矿地质特征、地球物理、地球化学特征和斑岩体深部矿化特征综合分析,该区具有寻找斑岩型铜矿的巨大潜力。     

特提斯构造域东段叠合盆地演化和油气成藏规律特征初论

通过分析特提斯构造域东段区域地质和含油气盆地勘探开发基础数据,从板块构造演化入手,系统编制特提斯构造域东段沉积构造演化剖面图和生储盖组合剖面图,研究盆地演化阶段、叠合特征、油气成藏条件及油气藏类型,揭示中亚和中国西部前陆盆地演化和油气富集规律异同。研究表明：古亚洲洋、古特提斯洋和新特提斯洋控制了特提斯构造域东段的区域构造分带、盆地演化、盆地类型及油气成藏模式。根据古洋壳缝合线可分为北、中、南3个构造带,古生代以来多期微板块的拼贴,导致特提斯构造域东段含油气盆地演化分为3个演化阶段,早古生代伸展、晚古生代挤压、早中生代伸展和新生代挤压构造作用控制了研究区盆地的叠合演化,发育下古生界、上古生界和中生界3套区域分布的优质烃源岩和下古生界、上古生界、中生界和新生界4套储盖组合,形成多种类型的油气藏。     

Early Neoproterozoic granulite facies metamorphism of mafic dykes from the Vestfold Block,east Antarctica

Proterozoic mafic dykes from the southwestern Vestfold Block experienced heterogeneous granulite facies metamorphism, characterized by spotted or fractured garnet‐bearing aggregates in garnet‐absent groundmass. The garnet‐absent groundmass typically preserves an ophitic texture composed of lathy plagioclase, intergranular clinopyroxene and Fe–Ti oxides. Garnet‐bearing domains consist mainly of a metamorphic assemblage of garnet, clinopyroxene, orthopyroxene, hornblende, biotite, plagioclase, K‐feldspar, quartz and Fe–Ti oxides. Chemical compositions and textural relationships suggest that these metamorphic minerals reached local equilibrium in the centre of the garnet‐bearing domains. Pseudosection calculations in the model system NCFMASHTO (Na₂O–CaO–FeO–MgO–Al₂O₃–SiO₂–H₂O–TiO₂–Fe₂O₃) yield P–T estimates of 820–870 °C and 8.4–9.7 kbar. Ion microprobe U–Pb zircon dating reveals that the NW‐ and N‐trending mafic dykes were emplaced at 1764 ± 25 and 1232 ± 12 Ma, respectively, whereas their metamorphic ages cluster between 957 ± 7 and 938 ± 9 Ma. The identification of granulite facies mineral inclusions in metamorphic zircon domains is also consistent with early Neoproterozoic metamorphism. Therefore, the southwestern margin of the Vestfold Block is inferred to have been buried to depths of ~30–35 km beneath the Rayner orogen during the late stage of the late Mesoproterozoic/early Neoproterozoic collision between the Indian craton and east Antarctica (i.e. the Lambert Terrane or the Ruker craton including the Lambert Terrane). The lack of penetrative deformation and intensive fluid–rock interaction in the rigid Vestfold Block prevented the nucleation and growth of garnet and resulted in the heterogeneous granulite facies metamorphism of the mafic dykes.