中亚地区矿产资源勘查开发方向

概要地介绍了中亚地区的构造分区特点、优势矿产资源和主要成矿时期。在区域成矿分析的基础上,强调围绕大规模成矿作用进行地质过程解析的重要性,更好地为资源潜力评价和勘查开发选区提供依据。     

近16年暖季青藏高原东部两类中尺度对流系统（MCS）的统计特征

利用日本高知大学提供的逐小时分辨率静止卫星云顶黑体亮温（TBB）资料,使用模式匹配算法对2000～2016年（2005年除外）暖季（5～9月）青藏高原东部的两类中尺度对流系统（MCS）进行了识别和追踪,并利用人工验证订正了结果。基于此,利用NOAA的CMORPH（Climate Prediction Center Morphing）降水资料和NCEP的CFSR（Climate Forecast System Reanalysis）再分析资料对高原东部两类MCS进行了统计和对比研究。研究发现,7月和8月是高原东部MCS生成最活跃的季节,然而,此两个月能够东移出高原MCS的比例最小;5月虽然MCS生成数最少,但是移出率高达近40%。对比表明,能够东移出高原的MCS（V-MCS）比不能移出的MCS（N-MCS）生命史更长,触发更早,短生命史个例占比更低。暖季各个月份,相比于N-MCS,V-MCS的对流更旺盛且发展更快,然而,由于其发生频数远低于N-MCS,总体而言,V-MCS对高原东部的降水贡献率仅为15%左右,是N-MCS相应数值的一半左右。高原东部两类MCS的环流特征差异显著,有利于V-MCS发生、维持和东移的因子主要位于对流层中低层（西风带短波槽、西风引导气流、低层风场切变）,而在对流层高层,N-MCS拥有更好的高空辐散条件（其对应的南亚高压更强）。     

2021年3月中旬东亚中部沙尘天气地面起尘量及源区贡献率估算

2021年3月中旬,东亚中部包括中国北方大部分地区,爆发了持续性的沙尘天气,引发了人们对于沙尘源区、防风固沙生态建设工程效益的高度关注.提出了一个新的地表起尘量估算方法,使用高精度、大范围的气象数据,计算了这次沙尘天气的地面起沙条件、大风过程中的输沙状况,估算了不同时刻的起尘量,获得了14、15日蒙古和中国北方荒漠地区...     

基于统计检验法研究Amurian板块相对独立性

Amurian 板块是Zonenshain等提出的提出的东北亚地区内部一个构造亚板块.Amurian板块自提出以来就一直受到地学界的广泛重视.它到底是欧亚大陆的一部分,还是独立于欧亚大陆之外的一个独立次级构造块体?这个问题一直是是东亚,乃至欧亚大陆构造动力学研究的核心问题之一.许多学者从地质和地球物理学两个角度研究了Amurian板块存在的可能性.但是复杂的构造特征和稀少且弥散的地震分布使得Amurian问题充满了争议.全球卫星定位系统(GPS)技术的不断进步使得在短时间获得高精度、大范围、准实时的地壳运动观测数据,并确定地壳运动速度场成为可能.本文利用东北亚地区最新GPS资料,从大地测量学角度对东北亚地区的地壳运动特征进行分析,基于统计检验方法重点研究Amurian板块相对欧亚大陆的独立性及其边界等问题.     

太平洋年代际振荡与南北半球际大气质量振荡及东亚季风的联系

众多研究表明,太平洋年代际振荡(PDO)与东亚季风以及我国气候的年代际异常存在显著影响,然而其影响途径及机制仍不明确.本文分别分析了年代际尺度上的太平洋年代际振荡(PDO)、南北半球际大气质量振荡(IHO)以及东亚季风的变化特征,据此建立了三者之间的关系,并进一步分析了它们对我国东部冬夏两季年代际气候异常的影响,所得主要结果包括:(1)PDO与IHO以及东亚季风强度具有明显的年代际波动特征,三者之间存在较好联系,其中它们在70年代和90年代后期处于负位相,而在80年代至90年代中期均处于正位相期.PDO和IHO对全球大范围的低层气温异常,以及大气质量迁移尤其是东半球30°S-50°N区域的质量变化具有显著并且空间一致的影响;(2)当PDO为正位相时,整层大气质量年代际异常呈偶极型的自东半球向西半球太平洋区域输出,造成了南北半球际以及海陆间大气质量迁移,同时引起Walker环流的上升和下沉支位置变化,以及越赤道大气质量流的向北异常输送,并由此建立起东亚季风与PDO和IHO之间的联系;(3)PDO年代际异常与冬夏季节蒙古地区地表气压变动存在密切联系.当PDO指数增强时,冬夏季850hPa均出现显著反气旋风场异常,并在我国东部形成异常北风,从而显著影响东亚冬夏季风强度变化.与之对应,PDO指数与我国东部大部分地区的站点气温、降水的年代际分量保持显著的同期相关.     

Night on Earth: Mapping decadal changes of anthropogenic night light in Asia

The defense meteorological satellite program (DMSP) operational linescan system (OLS) sensors have imaged emitted light from Earth's surface since the 1970s. Temporal overlap in the missions of 5 OLS sensors allows for intercalibration of the annual composites over the past 19 years (Elvidge et al., 2009). The resulting image time series captures a spatiotemporal signature of the growth and evolution of lighted human settlements and development. We use empirical orthogonal function (EOF) analysis and the temporal feature space to characterize and quantify patterns of temporal change in stable night light brightness and spatial extent since 1992. Temporal EOF analysis provides a statistical basis for representing spatially abundant temporal patterns in the image time series as uncorrelated vectors of brightness as a function of time from 1992 to 2009. The variance partition of the eigenvalue spectrum combined with temporal structure of the EOFs and spatial structure of the PCs provides a basis for distinguishing between deterministic multi-year trends and stochastic year-to-year variance. The low order EOFs and principal components (PC) space together discriminate both earlier (1990s) and later (2000s) increases and decreases in brightness. Inverse transformation of these low order dimensions reduces stochastic variance sufficiently so that tri-temporal composites depict potentially deterministic decadal trends. The most pronounced changes occur in Asia. At critical brightness threshold we find an 18% increase in the number of spatially distinct lights and an 80% increase in lighted area in southern and eastern Asia between 1992 and 2009. During this time both China and India experienced a ∼20% increase in number of lights and a ∼270% increase in lighted area – although the timing of the increase is later in China than in India. Throughout Asia a variety of different patterns of brightness increase are apparent in tri-temporal brightness composites – as well as some conspicuous areas of apparently decreasing background luminance and, in many places, intermittent light suggesting development of infrastructure rather than persistently lighted development. Vicarious validation using higher resolution Landsat imagery verifies multiple phases of urban growth in several cities as well as the consistent presence of low DN (<∼15) background luminance for many agricultural areas. Lights also allow us to quantify changes in the size distribution and connectedness of different intensities of development. Over a wide range of brightnesses, the size distributions of spatially contiguous lighted area are consistent with power laws with exponents near −1 as predicted by Zipf's Law for cities. However, the larger lighted segments are much larger than individual cities; they correspond to vast spatial networks of contiguous development (Small et al., 2011).     

升温1.5℃和2.0℃情景下中亚地区干旱耕地暴露度研究

基于CMIP5中的5个全球气候模式统计降尺度的降水、最高和最低气温等数据,利用标准降水蒸发指数（SPEI）和强度-面积-持续时间（IAD）方法识别全球升温1.5℃与2.0℃情景下中亚地区干旱事件,结合30 m分辨率土地利用数据,探讨中亚干旱事件的演变及耕地暴露度变化。结果表明：相比基准期（1986—2005年),中亚地区的降水和潜在蒸发量均有所增加;全球升温1.5℃与2.0℃情景下,中亚地区的干旱事件频次、强度和面积均将增加,其中重旱和极旱事件的频次和影响面积大幅上升,而中旱事件的频次和影响面积持续下降;1986—2005年中亚地区年均干旱耕地暴露度约11.5万km2,全球升温1.5℃和2.0℃情景下,干旱耕地暴露度将分别上升到17.9万km2和28.6万km2,且暴露在极旱下的耕地面积增加最明显。全球升温1.5℃与2.0℃情景下,增加的干旱事件将会严重威胁当地农业生产和粮食安全,中亚地区需对干旱事件采取长期的减缓与适应措施。     

The Impact of Tibetan Plateau Snow Cover on the Summer Temperature in Central Asia

The current work examines the impact of the snow cover extent (SCE) of the Tibetan Plateau (TP) on the interannual variation in the summer (June?July?August) surface air temperature (SAT) over Central Asia (CA) (SAT_CA) during the 1979?2019 period. The leading mode of the summer SAT_CA features a same-sign temperature anomalies in CA and explains 62% of the total variance in SAT_CA. The atmospheric circulation associated with a warming SAT_CA is characterized by a pronounced high-pressure system dominating CA. The high-pressure system is accompanied by warm advection as well as descending motion over CA, favoring the warming of the SAT_CA. Analysis shows that the interannual variation in the summer SAT_CA is significantly positively correlated with the April SCE over the central-eastern TP. In April, higher than normal SCE over the central-eastern TP has a pronounced cooling effect on the column of the atmosphere above the TP and can persist until the following early summer. Negative and positive height anomalies appear above and to the west of the TP. In the following months, the perturbation forcing generated by the TP SCE anomalies lies near the western center of the Asian subtropical westerly jet (SWJ), which promotes atmospheric waves in the zonal direction guided by the Asian SWJ. Associated with this atmospheric wave, in the following summer, a significant high-pressure system dominates CA, which is a favorable condition for a warm summer SAT_CA.     

从中国西南及邻区看亚洲形成过程

Southwest China and adjacent areas are formed by suturing continental blocks from Gondwana onto Laurasia. The process, however, is not as simple as some cartoons show that continental slices drifted away successively from the Gondwana margin and collided onto the northern continent.     

超基性岩红土风化壳中镍的表生富集规律及矿化结构研究 ——以印尼苏拉威西岛Kolonodale矿区为例

文章选取印尼苏拉威西岛Kolonodale红土型镍矿区为研究区,对201个浅井剖面共采取3 161件风化壳样品,进行了w(Ni)值的测试,以揭示超基性岩红土风化壳中Ni的表生富集规律及矿化结构特征。研究结果表明,在平面上,矿区内风化壳的w(Ni)平均值的高低与地形地貌关系密切。斜坡带、坡脚堆积带的风化壳为含镍高值区,其w(Ni)值为0.8%~1.8%;山顶平台区、山脊的风化壳为含镍低值区,其w(Ni)值为0.7%~1.4%。在垂向上,风化产物的w(Ni)值的高低与取样深度及样品属性密切相关。w(Ni)值随着红土带→腐岩带→基岩带的变化出现低值(0.85%~1.55%)→高值(1.15%~4.75%)→低值(≤0.55%)的波动变化规律。矿层的产状(分布、深度、厚度)与风化壳产状之间表现出明显的正相关关系。矿区内的低品位矿层〔1.5%≤w(Ni)≤2.0%〕和高品位矿层〔w(Ni)≥2.0%〕单独或组合发育,产出"正常型双层矿化"、"倒置型双层矿化"、"低品位单层矿化"、"高品位单层矿化"和"叠层矿化"等5种矿化结构类型。综合分析认为,富镁及中等程度蛇纹石化的超基性岩母岩、热带雨林气候环境是矿区内发育富镍红土风化壳的首要条件。吸附、离子交换以及次生沉淀等3种成矿作用的共同发育,导致了红土风化壳中Ni表生矿化的连续性、矿石类型的多样性及特高品位矿石的形成。矿床中矿化结构类型的多样化是区域构造背景、地形地貌、构造发育、水文条件等诸多因素耦合作用的结果。文章指出,在今后的红土型镍矿床的找矿勘查过程中,需要综合考虑各类内、外生控矿因素对矿床发育的影响,总结矿区尺度的矿化结构规律,可有效地指导矿床勘查工作。