八庙—青山金红石矿床化学成分与成矿关系

本矿床是我国金红石矿床重要的成因及工业类型，为具有特定化学成分的岩石在特定变质条件下形成的。本文通过对大量数据的处理，查明了化学成分与成矿的关系：高Ａｌ２Ｏ３、ＭｇＯ、Ｆｅ２Ｏ３＋ＦｅＯ、Ｋ２Ｏ、Ｐ２Ｏ５、Ｈ２Ｏ＋、ＭｎＯ，低ＳｉＯ２、ＣａＯ、Ｎａ２Ｏ、ＣＯ２、Ｓ等，利于钛富集；高ＴｉＯ２、ＭｇＯ、Ｐ２Ｏ５、Ｓ，低ＳｉＯ２、ＣａＯ、Ｋ２Ｏ、Ａｌ２Ｏ３、Ｆｅ２Ｏ３／ＦｅＯ，利于金红石形成；高Ｓｃ、Ｚｒ、Ｎｉ、Ｚｎ及Ｌａ／Ｙｂ，低Ｙ、Ｎｂ、Ｔｈ、Ｃｄ、Ｂａ、Ｂｅ、ΣＲＥＥ，利于金红石纯度提高。对研究矿床成因及寻找新的同类矿床等有重要意义     

冀北金台子盆地早白垩世酸性火山岩地球化学、锆石年代学及其地质意义

华北克拉通在中生代以来遭受了显著破坏。前人的研究对克拉通破坏的机制和峰期取得了较大共识, 但是关于克拉通破坏的启动时间一直存在争议。本文通过对冀北金台子中生代盆地构造特征及其填充的火山岩地球化学和年代学进行分析, 为华北克拉通破坏启动时间提供新的约束。研究表明, 金台子盆地为一伸展断陷盆地。盆地呈北东-南西向展布, 东侧被正断层控制, 西侧为地层超覆边界。盆地内自下而上发育后城组、白旗组、啕北营组、九佛堂组火山-沉积组合。后城组是一套稳定的河流相红色砂砾岩沉积地层;白旗组和啕北营组主体为巨厚层流纹岩、流纹质凝灰熔岩, 局部夹安山岩和火山碎屑岩;九佛堂组是一套以砾岩、砂砾岩等为主体的碎屑岩。地球化学分析表明金台子盆地中发育的酸性火山岩源于地壳重熔。锆石U-Pb年代学研究显示, 金台子盆地内流纹岩自约145 Ma开始广泛喷发并形成巨厚层的酸性火山岩地层, 表明此时在华北北缘地区的岩石圈减薄和破坏可能就已非常剧烈, 据此华北克拉通在其北缘的破坏至少应早于145 Ma。     

THE CHARACTERISTIC OF MARINE ENVIRONMENT IN LINGDINGYANG ESTUARY

1 HYDROLOGIC FEATURES Lingdingyang Estuary, located at the middle south of Guangdong Province, is a bell-shaped estuary with a north-south direction. Its area is about 2100km2. The north of Qi′ao Island and Inner-Lingding Island, and the south of Humen are grouped as Neilingdingyang Estuary, having an area of 1041km2. Affected by topography, runoff and tide, its dynamic condition is very complicated. Different water areas have different hydrologic features. The topography under …     

Formation of the regular satellites of giant planets in an extended gaseous nebula I: subnebula model and accretion of satellites

We model the subnebulae of Jupiter and Saturn wherein satellite accretion took place. We expect each giant planet subnebula to be composed of an optically thick (given gaseous opacity) inner region inside of the planet’s centrifugal radius (where the specific angular momentum of the collapsing giant planet gaseous envelope achieves centrifugal balance, located at rCJ ∼ 15R_J for Jupiter and rCS ∼ 22R_S for Saturn) and an optically thin, extended outer disk out to a fraction of the planet’s Roche-lobe (R_H), which we choose to be ∼R_H/5 (located at ∼150 R_J near the inner irregular satellites for Jupiter, and ∼200R_S near Phoebe for Saturn). This places Titan and Ganymede in the inner disk, Callisto and Iapetus in the outer disk, and Hyperion in the transition region. The inner disk is the leftover of the gas accreted by the protoplanet. The outer disk may result from the nebula gas flowing into the protoplanet during the time of giant planet gap-opening (or cessation of gas accretion). For the sake of specificity, we use a solar composition “minimum mass” model to constrain the gas densities of the inner and outer disks of Jupiter and Saturn (and also Uranus). Our model has Ganymede at a subnebula temperature of ∼250 K and Titan at ∼100 K. The outer disks of Jupiter and Saturn have constant temperatures of 130 and 90 K, respectively.Our model has Callisto forming in a time scale ∼10⁶ years, Iapetus in 10⁶-10⁷ years, Ganymede in 10³-10⁴ years, and Titan in 10⁴-10⁵ years. Callisto takes much longer to form than Ganymede because it draws materials from the extended, low density portion of the disk; its accretion time scale is set by the inward drift times of satellitesimals with sizes 300-500 km from distances ∼100R_J. This accretion history may be consistent with a partially differentiated Callisto with a ∼300-km clean ice outer shell overlying a mixed ice and rock-metal interior as suggested by Anderson et al. (2001), which may explain the Ganymede-Callisto dichotomy without resorting to fine-tuning poorly known model parameters. It is also possible that particulate matter coupled to the high specific angular momentum gas flowing through the gap after giant planet gap-opening, capture of heliocentric planetesimals by the extended gas disk, or ablation of planetesimals passing through the disk contributes to the solid content of the disk and lengthens the time scale for Callisto’s formation. Furthermore, this model has Hyperion forming just outside Saturn’s centrifugal radius, captured into resonance by proto-Titan in the presence of a strong gas density gradient as proposed by Lee and Peale (2000). While Titan may have taken significantly longer to form than Ganymede, it still formed fast enough that we would expect it to be fully differentiated. In this sense, it is more like Ganymede than like Callisto (Saturn’s analog of Callisto, we expect, is Iapetus). An alternative starved disk model whose satellite accretion time scale for all the regular satellites is set by the feeding of planetesimals or gas from the planet’s Roche-lobe after gap-opening is likely to imply a long accretion time scale for Titan with small quantities of NH₃ present, leading to a partially differentiated (Callisto-like) Titan. The Cassini mission may resolve this issue conclusively. We briefly discuss the retention of elements more volatile than H₂O as well as other issues that may help to test our model.     

青藏高原气温分布的空间插值方法比较

使用反距离平方、趋势面、Kriging插值、Cokriging插值和综合方法对青藏高原1961-1990年30年平均1月气温进行空间插值比较研究，其中后两种方法能够把影响青藏高原气温分布的关键因素——高程置于插值算法之中。反距离平方和趋势面插值的结果都与实际情况相差较远；普通Kriging插值能够反映出青藏高原气温分布的一定的空间结构，但结果依然不好；由于考虑了高度变量，Cokriging插值表现出一定程度的性能改进，但因为台站海拔高度偏低，插值结果依然不理想。前4种方法效果不好的原因主要是因为青藏高原上气象台站稀少且高原西北地区无气象台站。综合方法把气温分解为结构化分量和随机分量，使用直减率把气温订正到同一海拔高度后，再对它们做Kriging插值分析，其结果较为正确地反映了青藏高原气温空间分布的特征，误差远小于其它方法。研究结果表明：样本本身的空间分布是影响插值精度的重要因素，合理的采样设计是必要的前提；对于台站稀少的地区，必须把随机插值方法和确定性方法结合起来估计气候变量的空间分布。同时给出了青藏高原1月的气温空间分布状况。     

CHARACTERISTICS OF 10-DAY MEAN SURFACE LATENT HEAT FLUX VARIATIONS IN THE SCS MONSOON REGION AND POSSIBLE CONNECTIONS WITH THE SCS SUMMER MONSOON ONSET

The temporal and spatial variations of the ten-day mean surface latent heat flux (TMLH) havebeen analyzed in this paper based on the data of NCEP from January of 1979 to December of 1995in the South China Sea (SCS) monsoon region. It is found that there exist maximum centers ofTMLH standard deviation in the northwest Indochina and the Indian Peninsula as well as thewestern Pacific, SCS, the Indian Ocean and the Bay of Bengal, and their locations and strengthschange significantly during the period of SCS monsoon onset. A positive zonal deviation of TMLHoccurs first in the Indochina Peninsula, apparently earlier than that in the Indian Peninsula. Theappearance of maximum positive zonal deviations of TMLH approximately coincides with thesummer monsoon onset. Over the Indochina and Indian Peninsulas, the TMLH increases graduallywith a small amplitude of variation before the onset of summer monsoon, and the rate of increase issignificantly enhanced after the onset of the monsoon; whereas over the ocean, TMLH decreasesbefore the monsoon onset, varies little during the period of monsoon and increases gradually afterthe ending of monsoon. Therefore, it seems that the surface latent heat flux plays an importantrole in the maintenance of the summer monsoon, and its variation is an phenomenon accompanyingthe onset of summer monsoon.     

长江中下游中生代岩浆岩及铜铁成矿带的深部构造背景

地球物理和中、新生代幔源岩浆岩同位素地球化学研究表明华北和华南陆块的深部岩石圈地缝合线较地表地缝合线南移。在郯庐断裂带以东南移至南京一镇江一线，并从南京往西呈南西走向延伸至桐城一带；在郯庐断裂带以西的大剐山区，深部地缝合线至少南移至岳西以南。这一贴近长江中下游的深部地缝合线，有可能在郯庐断裂系早白垩世发生大规模左行走滑作用下而导致引张，从而诱发了地幔上隆和大规模岩浆事件及铜铁成矿作用。     

风廓线雷达在一次短时暴雨过程中的应用

利用2014年8月24日天津地区一次短时暴雨天气的3部风廓线雷达资料和降水实况资料,对比分析降水发生、维持和消亡期间风廓线雷达资料的变化特征,以探讨风廓线雷达对降水天气的监测能力。结果表明:1)风廓线雷达不仅能够反映大气层结上冷下暖的结构,并且能够探测到切变线的存在,对风的垂直结构有较强的探测能力。2)当降水出现时,垂直速度和大气折射率结构常数明显增大。4 m·s~(-1)的垂直速度出现和消失时刻,对应降水的开始和结束时刻;降水期间,4000 m高度以下的垂直速度越大降水越强。西青、静海站的折射率结构常数与降水强度之间有很好的对应关系,但不同地区的大气折射率结构常数值对降水强度的指示标准并不一致。3)在降水最强阶段,风廓线雷达数据获取率明显下降,因此低的数据获取率对强降水有一定的指示意义。     

纬度函数反解研究

如子午线曲率半径M等的地球椭球要素是纬度的函数。根据函数与反函数的定义,论证了反解的存在并导出了初等函数的反解公式,给出了CASIOfx-4800P计算器反解超越方程的计算程序。所有反解程序的正确性已为实例计算证明。     

海平面及海平面变化综述

分析总结了海平面及海平面变化的有关问题,如相关概念及其关系的理解,海平面变化旋回等时性及可对比性,海平面升降曲线的表示方法、内容及绘制技术与原理,其升降幅度的定量化计算和模拟,海平面变化成因的旋回级别、动态分异及成因标识,海平面变化对沉积盆地的影响等等。提出部分建议,包括理清海平面与海平面变化,海平面升降与振荡、波动,全球与相对、高频、复合海平面,ＴＲ旋回与海平面变化等概念;限定其概念的外延、内涵及其之间的关系,以及三、四级海平面变化旋回用于同一大陆或泛大陆的对比性;分清各种表示方法、技术的使用范围,相对水深曲线转换为海平面升降曲线过程中成岩作用、构造沉降、沉积（生产）速率的影响校正及定量模拟;在海平面变化旋回级次格架下结合两种思路进行成因分析;推荐相对海平面升降成因分析按曲线对比法→构造沉降→回剥法思路进行;建议加强海平面升降变化对盆地充填响应的研究;重视对沉积矿床的控制和大陆边缘地壳变形的反弹作用过程及定量模拟。