Applications of AnnAGNPS model for soil loss estimation and nutrient loading for Malaysian conditions

The study evaluated the performance and suitability of AnnAGNPS model in assessing runoff, sediment loading and nutrient loading under Malaysian conditions. The watershed of River Kuala Tasik in Malaysia, a combination of two sub-watersheds, was selected as the area of study. The data for the year 2004 was used to calibrate the model and the data for the year 2005 was used for validation purposes. Several input parameters were computed using methods suggested by other researchers and studies carried out in Malaysia. The study shows that runoff was predicted well with an overall R² value of 0.90 and E value of 0.70. Sediment loading was able to produce a moderate result of R² = 0.66 and E = 0.49, nitrogen loading predictions were slightly better with R² = 0.68 and E = 0.53, and phosphorus loading performance was slightly poor with an R² = 0.63 and E = 0.33. The erosion map developed was in agreement with the erosion risk map produced by the Department of Agriculture, Malaysia. Rubber estates and urban areas were found to be the main contributors to soil erosion. The simulation results showed that AnnAGNPS has the potential to be used as a valuable tool for planning and management of watersheds under Malaysian conditions.     

Generation and study of satellite gravity over Gujarat,India and their possible correlation with earthquake occurrences

High-resolution satellite gravity data have been generated and utilized to infer subsurface geological structures in the area of devastating earthquake that struck the Bhuj region in Gujarat on 26 January 2001. Latitudinal gravity profiles have been generated in the Bhuj, Anjar and IBF regions across the epicentres (23.5° N, 69.8° E/M_w 7.0 in 2001; 23.2° N, 70° E/M_w 7.0 in 1956; 24.2° N, 69.2° E/M_w 7.8 in 1819). Substantial differences in gravity anomaly patterns as high as 37 mGal could be observed existing near the epicentre regions. These gravitational differences might have caused due to the plate tectonic processes and due to the changes in densities of different lithospheric zones/sedimentary layers. Temporal variations of the satellite-derived gravity and their probable relations with already occurred major earthquakes in this region have been studied. Hence we conclude that drastic changes in gravity anomalies can be considered as a precursor for occurrences of substantially large earthquakes.     

汶川地震中离震中较远地区的高层建筑的震害

汶川地震中,陕西省西安市和宝鸡市两地处于远震区。远震区高层建筑比多层建筑的震害重。这两地高层建筑的震害主要表现为砌体填充墙和隔墙普遍出现裂缝;房屋顶部附近防震缝两侧的装饰材料震损,部分混凝土构件被撞坏;楼梯间的填充墙普遍开裂等。主体结构中的混凝土梁、柱和剪力墙等承重构件一般没有可见裂缝,部分剪力墙洞口连梁及框架一剪力墙结构中的连梁出现剪切斜裂缝或弯曲裂缝。文中初步分析了震害原因,并提出了设计建议。     

地形因子与小微地震相关度的空间异质性分析

针对传统最小二乘回归未能顾及数据的空间特性,且无法度量模型自变量与因变量相关性的空间变异特性的问题,本文提出利用地理加权回归方法分析小微地震频次与地形因子相关度的空间异质性。以四川地区的地震监测资料、DEM为实验数据,选取地形复杂度、坡度变率、坡向变率和地面曲率为自变量,地震发生频次为因变量,构建地理加权回归模型,并进行回归系数的空间变异分析。实验分析发现,地震频次与地形因子具有一定的相关性:地形复杂度与地震频次相关性最强;坡度变率、沟壑密度、剖面曲率与地震频次的相关性依次减弱;不同空间位置的地形因子和地震频次的相关性具有较明显的空间异质性。实验结果表明,地理加权回归可以有效地度量分析地震频次与地形因子相关度的空间异质性,研究结果可为地震及次生灾害的分析与预报提供辅助决策参考。     

Conjugate ruptures and seismotectonic implications of the 2019 Mindanao earthquake sequence inferred from Sentinel-1 InSAR data

In 2019, four strong earthquakes of Mw>6.4 occurred successively in Mindanao, Philippines. Based on the reports from the USGS and PHIVOLCS, these earthquakes were dominated by strike-slip ruptures. Whether these earthquakes are temporally and spatially related remained unknown. We characterized the coseismic displacement fields during the earthquake sequence using an InSAR technique with Sentinel-1 SAR data. The InSAR deformation measurements convincingly reveal that the four earthquakes produced distinct coseismic displacement patterns. We estimated the source parameters of the earthquakes with a two-step inversion strategy. The optimal model suggests that the earthquake sequence resulted from the reactivation of a conjugate fault structure that involves two nearly vertical left-lateral strike-slip faults and two high-angle right-lateral strike-slip faults. We calculated Coulomb stress changes from the earthquake sequence, suggesting that the previous strong earthquakes had significant stress-encouraging effects on the following events. The regional velocities based on the GPS analysis suggest that the formation of this conjugate structure is mainly due to the westward movement of the subducting Philippine Sea Plate. This earthquake sequence provides a seismotectonic background for subsequent strong earthquakes and helps to better understand the formation mechanisms and seismotectonic implications of conjugate structure rupturing.     

跨越断层埋地管线地震反应研究述评

本文论述了跨越断层埋地管线地震反应研究工作概况,包括理论研究和实验研究的进展,并介绍了不同情况下采用的研究方法和建立的相应的研究模型,通过对数据结果进行整理分析,得出跨越断层埋地管线地震反应规律。同时,本文还对埋地管线研究中的一些重要参数对研究结果的影响作了详尽的阐述,提出了需进一步研究的问题和今后可能的研究发展方向。     

ESI高影响论文揭示的北极自然科学研究特点

在全球气候持续变暖背景下,北极地区冻土退化、冰川退缩、海冰减少等导致了一系列的生态环境问题,同时也使得资源勘探开发与国际新航道开通成为可能,北极地区的重要性日益凸显.依据2009—2019年6月期间有关北极研究的408篇ESI高影响论文,对发文量、主要作者、研究机构、国家、研究方向等字段进行分析,从自然科学角度,宏观而...     

张北-尚义地震震前阶段中小地震速度谱周期特征的研究

从 Duda 和 Nortmann 提出的谱震级定义出发,利用北京台网中小地震速度数字化记录资料,采用14组0.5倍频程滤波器组,其中心周期为:0.04s、0.06s、0.08s、0.12s、0.18s、0.28 s、0.40s、0.60s、0.96s、1.28s、2.40s、3.80s、6.20s、10.00s,分别计算了各中小地震的速度 谱综合因子f值,结果显示张北-尚义地震震前阶段中小地震的三分向速度谱卓越频率向高频 方向偏离,综合因子 f 值逐渐增加,且蓝地震的发生有向主震震中靠拢的趋势。同时,研究认为 综合因子 f 值可以量化蓝地震的定义。     

实现数据库管理震源参数的探索

就如何利用数据库，结合Java、XML等手段对震源参数管理进行了一些探索，并给出了一些在一个实际系统中实现了的例子。     

唐山M 4.8地震地磁谐波振幅比变化

针对2012年5月28日河北唐山M 4.8地震,采用地磁谐波振幅比方法,分析昌黎、静海、红山及承德地磁台2007年1月至2015年12月地磁观测数据,结果显示：各台站10 min周期的计算结果波动性明显,其他周期形态较为一致;距震中最近的昌黎地磁台Y_ZHx（NS）测向的10-40 min周期地磁谐波在下降至极低值后,开始转折时发生地震,而Y_ZHy（EW）测向未出现明显转折现象;位于河北平原地震带中部的静海地磁台对此次地震反应显著,2个测向在震前均出现下降-转折-上升的变化特征。通过对比位于不同地区的4个地磁台站地磁谐波振幅比变化,发现受大范围整体构造应力场作用的影响,计算结果具有相似的趋势性变化特征,具体到局部地区或断裂带内部,各台站之间显示出一定差异。