气象信息微信公众服务平台设计与应用开发

为了进一步拓宽气象信息的发布手段和发布渠道,提升气象服务能力和水平,使社会公众能够便捷地获取到丰富的气象信息。研究依托天津滨海新区气象信息Web服务端,以微信为基础平台,应用Java编程语言、Oracle数据库,Hibernate和Spring框架等技术,通过对微信公众平台API进行开发,以图表、文字、GIS图等展现方式,开发了基于微信网络社区软件的公益气象信息服务平台。本研究充分利用了新型移动传媒发布气象信息的手段,实现了气象信息多形式服务于社会公众,可达到公众及时掌握气象信息的需求。     

Dinosaur eggshell assemblage from Japan reveals unknown diversity of small theropods

The Lower Cretaceous (Albian) Sasayama Group in the Hyogo Prefecture of southwestern Japan has yielded various vertebrate fossils, including skeletal remains of dinosaurs, anurans, lizards, and mammals, and recently eggshell fragments. Here we report on numerous fossil eggshells from the bone-bearing Kamitaki locality in Tamba City, which represents a diverse dinosaur eggshell assemblage. Of the more than 90 eggshell fragments recovered, five different types were identified, including eggshells that likely belong to a variety of theropods (Nipponoolithus ramosus oogen. et oosp. nov., Elongatoolithus sp., Prismatoolithus sp., and Prismatoolithidae indet.) and at least one ornithopod (Spheroolithus sp.). All eggshells are relatively thin, and a new derived estimation method correlating egg mass with eggshell thickness indicates that they are among the smallest (28–135 g) theropod eggs known, likely laid by small bodied forms. The eggshell assemblage from this locality suggests that a diverse small dinosaur fauna, consisting primarily of theropods, nested in the region, a diversity yet to be evidenced from skeletal remains in Japan.     

斑石鲷早期发育的异速生长模式

为研究斑石鲷(Oplegnathus punctatus)早期发育阶段的生长规律及重要器官的异速生长模式,作者运用实验生态学方法,测定了斑石鲷仔稚幼鱼(0~70日龄)全长和体质量随日龄的变化规律。结果显示,全长、体质量与日龄的关系均符合Cubic函数,随日龄的生长曲线表现为S型。斑石鲷全长和体质量的生长可分为3个阶段,不同阶段的生长率存在显著差异(P0.05)。斑石鲷的头长、眼径、吻长、口裂、体高、尾鳍长等重要外部形态学指标均存在异速生长规律,其生长拐点依次为35日龄(全长20.32 mm)、22日龄(全长13.17 mm)、29日龄(全长16.63 mm)、30日龄(全长15.50 mm)、32日龄(全长19.79 mm)、32日龄(全长19.79 mm)。相对于全长,头长、吻长、口裂在拐点前后由正异速生长变为等速生长;眼径、尾鳍由正异速生长转为负异速生长;而体高在0~70日龄为正异速生长,但拐点之后已明显变缓。研究表明斑石鲷通过异速生长,确保与其基本生存能力相关的功能器官优先发育,以适应复杂多变的生存环境,并相应地提高了仔稚鱼的存活率,对鱼苗培育具有重要的指导意义。     

羽毛还是鳞片

简要介绍了羽毛的结构、类型、发育过程、起源及早期演化,讨论了"单根管状羽毛"的性质,指出这种管状结构不是羽毛,而是高度变形的特化鳞片。尽管羽毛与爬行动物的鳞片同源,而且羽毛是由恐龙身上的鳞片演变而来,但关键在于小囊领的分异和羽枝脊的出现与否。也就是说,在形态结构上,如果表皮的角质化衍生物出现了羽根和羽小枝,就应该将其称为羽毛,未发生这种分异的结构应当归于高度变形的特化鳞片。同时还讨论了德国法兰克福圣肯堡自然历史博物馆收藏的带纤维状结构的鹦鹉嘴龙和俄罗斯西伯利亚发现的植食性恐龙(Kulindadromeus zabaikalicus),认为二者发育的纤维状结构或羽毛状结构不是羽毛,而是高度变形的特化鳞片,并不存在鳞片与羽毛共生的现象。就目前的材料而言,羽毛仅限发育于兽脚类恐龙中,并不是所有的恐龙均发育羽毛。     

基于GPU的并行条件模拟算法及其在储量估算中的应用

条件模拟是一种计算非常耗时的高精度三维插值算法。针对串行条件模拟算法计算时间过长的问题,提出基于GPU的并行条件模拟算法,并进行储量估算。对条件模拟算法进行并行分析,利用GPU的高度并行性,构建CUDA通用计算开发环境,实现串行条件模拟算法到并行条件模拟算法的转换,使条件模拟算法的时间复杂度从O(n)降至O(logn)。并对西藏甲玛铜矿进行了储量估算。实验结果表明,在安装普通NVIDIA显卡的计算机以及估算精度不下降的情况下,GPU并行条件模拟的计算效率比CPU串行条件模拟的计算效率提高了60倍以上。     

Accurate Acoustic Signal Parameter Estimation for Marine Geodesy Surveys

Acoustic signal parameter estimation is important for diverse marine geodesy surveys and several other applications. However, the received signal from a far-field target characterized by planar wavefront propagation is frequently affected by strong nearby interfering signals. Their presence deteriorates the performance of direction-of-arrival (DOA) estimation for far-field target. In order to enhance the reception of signal from far-field target, the near-field/far-field (NFFF) beamformer is proposed. Such a beamformer optimizes beam pattern for far-field detection by maximizing beamformer output in the direction of the far-field target with the imposed condition to eliminate interfering signals generated in near-field locations. As the interference suppression only occurs at the position of near-field interference, a possible blind zone for far-field detection in conventional methods is not created. The NFFF beamformer is applicable for coherent signals and the scenario with multi interferences. For stationary situation where interferers locations are fixed, the NFFF beamformer computations do not require time updates with associated computational load. Furthermore the proposed method can be extended to several new situations such as acoustic monitoring performed from a stationary platform subjected to water currents, waves, winds and other variables, all of them generating nearby interferences and also to different array configurations including 2D and 3D arrays.     

Global parameter estimation of the Cochlodinium polykrikoides model using bioassay data

Cochlodinium polykrikoides is a notoriously harmful algal species that inflicts severe damage on the aquacultures of the coastal seas of Korea and Japan. Information on their expected movement tracks and boundaries of influence is very useful and important for the effective establishment of a reduction plan. In general, the information is supported by a red-tide(a.k.a algal bloom) model. The performance of the model is highly dependent on the accuracy of parameters, which are the coefficients of functions approximating the biological growth and loss patterns of the C. polykrikoides. These parameters have been estimated using the bioassay data composed of growth-limiting factor and net growth rate value pairs. In the case of the C. polykrikoides, the parameters are different from each other in accordance with the used data because the bioassay data are sufficient compared to the other algal species. The parameters estimated by one specific dataset can be viewed as locally-optimized because they are adjusted only by that dataset. In cases where the other one data set is used, the estimation error might be considerable. In this study, the parameters are estimated by all available data sets without the use of only one specific data set and thus can be considered globally optimized. The cost function for the optimization is defined as the integrated mean squared estimation error, i.e., the difference between the values of the experimental and estimated rates. Based on quantitative error analysis, the root-mean squared errors of the global parameters show smaller values, approximately 25%–50%, than the values of the local parameters. In addition, bias is removed completely in the case of the globally estimated parameters. The parameter sets can be used as the reference default values of a red-tide model because they are optimal and representative. However, additional tuning of the parameters using the in-situ monitoring data is highly required.As opposed to the bioassay data, it is necessary because the bioassay data have limitations in terms of the in-situ coastal conditions.     

辅助模型辨识方法(3):输入非线性输出误差自回归系统

输入非线性系统包括输入非线性方程误差类系统和输入非线性输出误差类系统.针对输入非线性输出误差自回归系统,分别基于过参数化模型,基于关键项分离原理,基于数据滤波技术,研究了相应的基于过参数化模型的辅助模型递推辨识方法、基于关键项分离的辅助模型递推辨识方法、基于数据滤波的辅助模型递推辨识方法.这些方法可以推广到其他输入非线性输出误差系统、输出非线性输出误差系统、反馈非线性系统等.并给出了几个典型辨识算法的计算步骤、流程图和计算量.     

辅助模型辨识方法(1):自回归输出误差系统

研究了自回归输出误差(AR-OE)系统的辅助模型随机梯度算法、辅助模型多新息随机梯度算法、辅助模型递推最小二乘算法,自回归输出误差自回归滑动平均(AR-OEARMA)系统(即AR-Box-Jenkins系统)的辅助模型广义增广随机梯度算法、辅助模型多新息广义增广随机梯度算法、辅助模型递推广义增广最小二乘算法,以及AR-Box-Jenkins系统的基于滤波的辅助模型广义增广随机梯度算法、基于滤波的辅助模型多新息广义增广随机梯度算法、基于滤波的辅助模型递推广义增广最小二乘算法等.     

山东CORS基准站坐标时间序列噪声分析

针对目前在分析GPS基准站噪声时对其坐标时间序列周期项提取不充分的现状,该文提出用小波谱探测坐标时间序列中的周期项,用小波分析方法提取周期项,得到不含明显周期项噪声序列。以山东CORS中26个基准站两年的坐标时间序列为例,去除了坐标时间序列中阶跃项,确定了长期趋势项,对周期项进行了探测、分离和提取,得到了各测站的噪声序列;用谱指数法分析了噪声的类型,用最大似然估计获取了各种噪声的分量,进而建立了噪声组合模型。实验结果表明,山东CORS基准站噪声模型可以用白噪声加闪烁噪声的形式来描述,其白噪声的平均值为1.25mm,闪烁噪声的平均值为5.46mm。