四种计算地震反应数值方法的比较研究

本文在简要总结了计算单自由度系统地震反应频域方法和时域方法的特点之后,按照统一的递归公式,系统地对计算单自由度体系的四种时域方法即中心差分方法、Newmark方法、Z变换方法、Duhamel逐步积分法进行了对比研究。通过递归系数b1和b2的不变性、传递函数的低频约束条件和相位特性以及数值分析等几个方面说明了上述方法各自的优缺点、相对精度和适用的范围。根据动力平衡方程的算子不变性,研究了上述方法的共性特征,揭示了相对位移、相对速度、相对加速度递归公式的内在联系,这表明只要知道相对位移的递归公式,相对速度、相对加速度的递归公式也就随之确定,在此基础上推荐了一套计算单自由度系统相对位移、相对速度、相对加速度地震反应的递归公式。     

Analysis of the influence of Taihu Lake and the urban heat islands on the local circulation in the Yangtze Delta

The influences of human activities on regional climate and weather are tremendous. The re-gional temperature and the distributing of wind field are influenced, whereas the precipitation in-tensity and the spatial and temporal distribution of the precipita…     

A remote sensing model for monitoring soil evaporation based on differential thermal inertia and its validation

To develop geosciences quantification and multi-dimensional researches will be an inevitable trend in the 21st century. The interaction between the land surface and the atmosphere not only serves as an important component in geosciences quantification, bu…     

Oxygen isotope compositions of quartz grains (4–16 μm) from Chinese eolian deposits and their implications for provenance

Oxygen isotope compositions were measured in quartz grains extracted from a 7.0 Ma red clay-loess sequence at Lingtai and six late Pleistocene loess sediments (Malan loess). Results show that the changes in oxygen isotope compositions of Malan loess are basically controlled by the geochemical characteristics of the source materials, while the effect of weathering process after dust deposition could be minor. The oxygen isotope distribution of quartz grains from red clay at Lingtai is similar to that of the overlying loess-paleosol sequence, thus indicating that the red clay at Lingtai has the same eolian origin as the loess-paleosol deposits. Furthermore, the oscillations of the isotope compositions in 4–16 μm-sized quartz grains may reflect the changes, to some extent, of the climatic systems of the source region.     

Dynamic stress concentration and scattering of SH-wave by interface elliptic cylindrical cavity

In this paper, the dynamic stress concentration and scattering of SH-waves by bi-naterial structures that possess an interface elliptic cavity are investigated. First, by using the complex function method, the Green‘s function is constructed. This yields the solution of the displacement field for an elastic half space with a semi-elliptic canyon impacted by an anti-plane harmonic line source loading on the horizontal surface. Then, the problem is divided into an upper and lower half space along the horizontal interface, regarded as a harmony model. In order to satisfythe integral continuity condition,the unknown anti-plane forces are applied to the interface. The integral equations with unknown forces can be established through the continuity condition, and after transformation, the algebraic equations are solved numerically. Finally, the distribution of the dynamic stress concentration factor (DSCF) around the elliptic cavity is given and the effect of different parameters on DSCF is discussed.     

泥沙起动判别标准探讨

分析了现有起动标准的不足之处。在制定起动标准时,不但要考虑水流条件,还必须考虑泥沙颗粒在床面的相对位置。对同一粒径的泥沙颗粒,其起动条件不是一个常量,而是位于一个区间,它随颗粒在床面的相对暴露度而变化。根据力学原理,推导了泥沙颗粒起动时的临界无量纲切应力公式,并对其系数取值进行了理论计算。计算结果表明,对同一粒径、在同一起动状态下,泥沙颗粒的起动临界条件并非一个常量。并从理论上分析得到了临界值的范围,对个别及少量起动,其无量纲临界切应力为0.021～0.042及0.041～0.062。     

区域人地系统的优化调控与可持续发展

区域人地系统的优化调控始终是现代地理学的重要任务,也是市场经济条件下中国实施可持续发展战略的理论基石。文章认为,区域人地系统优化调控的对象结构应从PRED系统改进为P_DR_DE_DE_DE_DS_D系统,人地系统优化调控的切入点与重点应坚持“以人为本”,而调控的重中之重应是人的意识建设,优化调控的目标点是追求和谐发展至上的目标。人地系统优化调控的动态机理在于模拟“人圈”与“地圈”的最佳距离,优化调控的空间结构包括核心区、发生区、支持区和作用区,各功能区相互竞争的结果形成区域定位与空间共生。协调优化和调控区域人地系统,不仅包括人地系统各要素之间以及各要素内部发展的动态协调与优化,而且包括区域之间人地系统的空间协调和优化,只有同时实现了区域之间人地系统的产业组织协调和空间组织协调,消除了区域盲目竞争与区域冲突,才能实现人地系统经济社会行为对空间区位的合理占据,才能真正实现区域之间的协调发展和空间共生。     

长江三峡库区(奉节-巴东段)移民工程遥感动态监测

在长江三峡库区移民工程中 ,我们采用 ETM+、SPOT、IKONOS等多源、多时相、多分辨率航天、航空遥感数据组合 ,监测移民工程的动态变化 ,通过对库区奉节 -巴东段移民搬迁建与安置、新开发用地分布、土地利用与土地结构变化、地质灾害及衍生地质灾害与防治、库区环境及生态平衡与改善经济结构以及移民工程遥感动态监测等 ,取得突破性进展 ,获取了一批重要成果。为三峡移民工程进一步全面、安全地实施、改进规划管理工作及库区经济可持续发展 ,提供了科学依据和决策性建议。     

Analysis of A New Model for Unsaturated Flow in Porous Media Including Hysteresis and Dynamic Effects

A new model for unsaturated flow in porous media, including capillary hysteresis and dynamic capillary effects, is analyzed. Existence and uniqueness of solutions are established and qualitative and quantitative properties of (particular) solutions are analyzed. Some results of numerical computations are given. The model under consideration incorporates simple play-type hysteresis and a dynamic term (time-derivative with respect to water content) in the capillary relation. Given an initial water content distribution, the model determines which parts of the flow domain are in drainage and which parts are in imbibition. The governing equations can be recast into an elliptic problem for fluid pressure and an evolution equation for water content. Standard methods are used to obtain numerical results. A comparison is given between J.R. Philip's semi-explicit similarity solution for horizontal redistribution in an infinite one-dimensional domain and solutions of the new model.     

新疆卡瓦布拉克大型剪切带及成矿有利地段

在东天山“中天山结晶轴”南部的卡瓦布拉克－星星峡一带,存在一条长达500km以上的大型韧性剪切带。该带中发育有变形花岗闪长岩、蛇纹石化超基性岩、辉长岩侵入体、硅质岩和砾岩,说明在中天山前寒武纪地块与塔里木基底之间存在一条构造混杂岩带,韧性剪切带叠加在在构造混杂岩带上。该韧性剪切带宏观几何分布、次级构造组合、叠加变形特征均与康古尔塔格韧性剪切带极为相似。其中大洼地东部、沙垅铁矿南部和双峰山地区是金、铅、锌、铜成矿的有利区段。