Research on Dynamic Parameters of Soil Site in the Tianjin Coastal Area

The Tianjin coastal area is a typical soft soil region,where the soil is a marine deposit of the late Quaternary.The soil dynamic parameters from seismic risk assessment reports are collected,and drilling of 15 holes was carried out to sample the soils and measure their dynamic characteristics.The data was divided into 7 types based on lithology,namely,muddy clay,muddy silty clay,silt,silty clay,clay,silty sand and fine sand.Statistics of the dynamic parameters of these soils are collected to obtain the mea...     

Dynamic performance analysis of a seismically isolated bridge under braking force

In order to study the dynamic performance of seismically isolated bridges under the most unfavorable loads in the longitudinal direction,a dynamic equation for vehicle braking in the longitudinal direction is established.A four or fiveorder Runge-Kutta method is adopted to obtain the time-history response of a wheel set under braking force.The quadratic discretization method is then used to transform this time-history into a braking and bending force time-history of a structural fixed node,and a dynamic response analysis of the seismically isolated bridge under the vehicle’s braking force is carried out using ANSYS,a universal finite element analysis software.According to the results,seismic isolation design results in a more rational distribution of braking force among piers;the influence of the initial braking velocity on the vehicle braking force is negligible;the location where the first wheel set leaves the bridge is the most unfavorable parking location;a seismic isolation bridge bearing constructed according to typical design methods enters into a yield stage under the braking force, while the shearing force at the bottom of the pier declines as the isolation period is extended;the design requirements can be met when the yield displacement of the seismic isolation bearing is less than 5 mm and the yield strength is greater than the braking force.     

深厚覆盖层上心墙堆石坝强震动力响应分析

土石坝由于施工便捷、取材方便,是目前我国西部比较常见的一种坝型。但西部地区地震活动频繁且烈度较高,特别是一些土石坝坝基下存在深厚覆盖层,对土石坝的地震动力响应有重要影响。采用黏弹性模型-等效线性化方法对国内某拟建土石坝进行三维动力响应分析。考虑到实际土石坝坝体是不完全排水的,将根据经验公式得到的残余体变分成两部分,一部分转化为残余孔压,另一部分为产生的残余变形。根据有限元计算结果,分析在坝基深厚覆盖层影响下坝体残余变形、加速度响应、残余孔压等动力反应的特征和分布规律。计算结果符合一般规律,说明本文采用的计算方法适用于含深厚覆盖层心墙堆石坝的静动力分析。     

强夯振动加速度的量测及现场试验研究

结合延安新区强夯加固地基工程,进行强夯振动加速度测试现场试验。选取填方区场地,结合地形设计监测方案,以测试强夯波沿水平方向和斜坡的传播规律。在选定试验段的某级填方场地上布置多组加速度传感器,运用多个8通道24位高速采集卡记录强夯振动加速度在平面和斜坡的传播和衰减过程,探讨强夯振动波沿水平面和斜坡的传播规律以及能级对振动加速度的影响。结果表明:径向和竖向加速度值均随与夯点距离的增大而减小;在与夯击点距离相同处,强夯振动波沿水平方向传播的径向和竖向加速度值要大于沿斜坡方向;随着能级的增大,强夯产生的夯击波增强,在与夯击点相同距离处产生的径向和竖向加速度均明显增大。     

Evaluation of force-based and displacement-based out-of-plane seismic assessment methods for unreinforced masonry walls through refined model simulations

The performance of force-based and displacement-based seismic assessment methods for the life-safety limit state check of out-of-plane loaded unreinforced masonry walls is evaluated on the basis of refined numerical simulations. For this purpose, a discrete element model of a vertically spanning wall is built and validated against experimental results from static and dynamic test conditions. The model is then analysed for a large range of wall configurations. For each configuration, a static pushover analysis and a series of incremental dynamic analyses are run, the latter permitting to determine the capacity of the wall under dynamic loading. The accuracy of the assessment methods in predicting the acceleration at which the walls collapse is evaluated. It is found that the displacement-based method is more accurate, robust, and safe than the force-based method. The comparison also shows that for walls characterised by a relatively high ratio of axial load to Euler's critical load, both assessment methods lead to an overestimation of the wall capacity. As a remedy, a modification to the methods based on a recently developed mechanical model is put forward and tested. For the force-based method, it is additionally suggested to set for walls with relatively high overburden ratios the behaviour factor equal to 1. To ensure reproducibility of this study, all input and output files of the numerical simulations are made publicly available.     

Procedures for calibration of linear models for damage limitation in design of masonry‐infilled RC frames

Recent earthquakes have confirmed the role played by infills in the seismic response of reinforced concrete buildings. The control and limitation of damage to such nonstructural elements is a key issue in performance‐based earthquake engineering. The present work is focused on modeling and analysis of damage to infill panels, and, in particular, it is aimed towards linear analysis procedures for assessing the damage limitation limit state of infilled reinforced concrete frames. First, code provisions on infill modeling and acceptance criteria at the damage limitation limit state are reviewed. Literature contributions on damage to unreinforced masonry infill panels and corresponding displacement capacity are reported and discussed. Two procedures are then proposed aiming at a twofold goal: (i) the determination of ‘equivalent’ interstory drift ratio limits for a bare frame model and (ii) the estimation of the stiffness of equivalent struts representing infill walls in a linear model. These two quantities are determined such that a linear model ensures a reliable estimation of seismic capacity at the damage limitation limit state, providing the same intensity level as that obtained from nonlinear analyses carried out on structural models with infills. Finally, the proposed procedures are applied to four‐story and eight‐story case study‐infilled frames, designed for seismic loads according to current technical codes. The results of these application examples are presented and discussed. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Seismic performance of buildings retrofitted with nonlinear viscous dampers and adjacent reaction towers

An effective strategy of seismic retrofitting consists of installing nonlinear viscous dampers between the existing building, with insufficient lateral resistance, and some auxiliary towers, specially designed and erected as reaction structures. This allows improving the seismic performance of the existing building without any major alteration to its structural and nonstructural elements, which makes this approach particularly appealing for buildings with heritage value. In this paper, the nonlinear governing equations of the coupled lateral‐torsional seismic motion are derived from first principles for the general case of a multistory building connected at various locations in plan and in elevation to an arbitrary number of multistory towers. This formulation is then used to assess the performance of the proposed retrofitting strategy for a real case study, namely, a 5‐story student hall of residence in the city of Messina, Italy. The results of extensive time‐history analyses highlight the key design considerations associated with the stiffness of the reaction towers and the mechanical parameters of the nonlinear viscous dampers, confirming the validity of this approach.     

落地通信基站机房地震易损性及震后功能失效概率评估

机房是移动通信基站的重要组成部分,其地震易损性将决定基站在震后的功能状态,即基站所辖范围内的移动通信服务在震后是否可以正常使用。在对我国北方某市典型落地通信基站机房进行实地考察的基础上,确定了影响机房地震后使用功能的重要设施（即基站板房、内部走线架、通信机柜和蓄电池组）;随后采用有限元软件ABAQUS分别建立了这些设施的数值模型,通过Pushover分析确定了每种设施的损伤模式、损伤水平评价指标及其数值;通过IDA分析得到了每种设施的抗震性能,并通过对IDA分析结果的统计得到了这些重要设施的地震易损性曲线;最后,给出了基于故障树模型的典型通信基站机房震后功能评估的方法。该工作将作为基本环节用于城市及地区移动通信系统的地震后功能状态评估与预测。     

移动荷载作用下非均匀地基的动力响应分析

基于线弹性动力学理论,结合坐标变换,建立了移动荷载作用下非均匀弹性半平面地基的动力控制方程,利用半解析法研究了移动荷载作用下二维非均匀地基的动力响应问题。采用傅里叶（Fourier）级数展开,假设了响应函数的级数形式,通过理论推导获得了剪切模量随深度任意变化的非均匀地基在移动荷载作用下各物理量的解析表达式。考虑土体的剪切模量沿厚度方向按幂函数梯度变化,通过数值算例分析并讨论了地基非均匀参数、荷载移动速度以及地基表面的剪切模量等对地基力学响应的影响规律,并与均质地基的计算结果进行了比较。数值结果表明：地基中各点的竖向位移随着土体表面剪切模量和表征土体非均匀性的梯度因子的增大而减小,随着荷载移动速度的增大而增大。在移动荷载作用下,非均匀地基与均匀地基的动力响应有着显著的区别。     

黄土震陷性深度特征的试验研究

黄土震陷是地震发生时黄土地区发生的一种灾害。以典型马兰黄土（Q3）作为研究对象,对5组不同深度的原状黄土试样进行室内动三轴震陷试验,研究了该场地黄土震陷性随深度的变化特征。研究结果表明,（1）在天然含水率或是增湿、减湿情况下,黄土震陷深度曲线随动应力的增加均经历了一个从平稳、快速、再收敛至最大震陷深度的发展过程;（2）黄土震陷深度曲线的发展阶段动应力区间不尽相同,随着含水率的增加,黄土震陷快速发展期的动应力区间在变窄,最小动应力值变小,含水率20%条件下比5%最小动应力值可降低30%;（3）典型马兰黄土存在一个最大震陷深度,其最大震陷深度不受动应力、含水率影响,含水率仅能够降低达到最大震陷深度时最小动应力,加速黄土震陷深度的发展进程。在动应力不断增加的情况下,最终的黄土震陷深度曲线收敛于最大震陷深度,本次实验黄土场地的最大震陷深度约为15.5 m。