Lateral dynamic response of a pipe pile in saturated soil layer

This paper presents an analytical solution for the lateral dynamic response of a pipe pile in a saturated soil layer. The wave propagations in the saturated soil and the pipe pile are simulated by Biot's three‐dimensional poroelastic theory and one‐dimensional elastic theory, respectively. The governing equations of soil are solved directly without introducing potential functions. The displacement response and dynamic impedances of the pipe pile are obtained based on the continuous conditions between the pipe pile and both the outer and inner soil. A comparison with an existing solution is performed to verify the proposed solution. Selected numerical results for the lateral dynamic responses and impedances of the pipe pile are presented to reveal the lateral vibration characteristics of the pile‐soil system. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Dynamic propagation criteria for catastrophic failure in planar landslides

Quantitative assessment of the risk of submarine landslides is an essential part of the design process for offshore oil and gas developments in deep water, beyond the continental shelf. Landslides may be triggered by a reduction in shear strength of subsea sediments over a given zone, caused for example by seismic activity. Simple criteria are then needed to identify critical conditions whereby the zone of weakness could grow catastrophically to cause a landslide. A number of such criteria have been developed over the last decade, based either on ideas drawn from fracture mechanics, or considering the equilibrium of the initial weakened zone and adjacent process zones of gradually softening material. Accounting for the history of the weak zone initiation is critical for derivation of reliable propagation criteria, in particular considering dynamic effects arising from accumulating kinetic energy of the failing material, which will allow the failure to propagate from a smaller initial zone of weakened sediments. Criteria are developed here for planar conditions, taking full account of such dynamic effects, which are shown to be capable of reducing the critical length of the softened zone by 20% or more compared with criteria based on static conditions. A numerical approach is used to solve the governing dynamic equations for the sliding material, the results from which justify assumptions that allow analytical criteria to be developed for the case where the initial softening occurs instantaneously. The effect of more gradual softening is also explored. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Modeling long term lake variations by physically based stochastic dynamic models

Several physically based stochastic dynamic models (SDM) are described including year-to-year variations of water volume in terminal and non-terminal lakes, streamflow of lake-fed rivers, and salinity of an inland sea (the Sea of Azov). All of these models are based upon the SDM of water volume of terminal lakes developed by Kritzky and Menkel in 1946 in co-operation with Kolomogorov. Explicit formulae are derived for second order statistical moments of the output processes, including variance, correlation function, spectra, etc., under the assumption that the forcing functions from stationary random sequences. The least-squares prediction problem is solved for both stationary and non-stationary cases. Some of the processes are shown to possess high statistical predictability. Actual predictions are compared with independent observations. Problems for further study are stated.     

非充分灌溉制度设计优化模型

研究了缺水地区冬小麦灌溉问题.分析了作物模型,作物水分影响函数,并以农作物产量最大为目标,提出了非充分灌溉制度优化设计二维动态规划模型和相应的动态规划逐次逼近(DPSA)求解方法.针对山东省临沂市小埠东灌区的实际情况进行研究,求得了冬小麦三个典型年不同供水水平的最优灌溉制度、排水过程及相应产量.实例表明,模型及方法是合理的.     

当前高压变质作用研究中几个值得注意的动向

高压、超高压变质作用是地学研究的热点，它能很好地反映深部地质作用特征和恢复地质历史演化的过程。当前高压、超高压变质作用研究中有几个值得注意的动向：（１）高压变质作用中流体性状和物理化学特点的研究是解决高压变质作用成因的关键；（２）高压变质矿物流变学研究是揭示变质过程的有效途径；（３）超高压变质岩的发现是８０年代地学领域中的一场“革命”，其动力学模式为探讨大陆动力学开辟了新的思路。文中介绍了产生超高压变质的柯石英榴辉岩亚相组合的六种动力学模式。     

鄂东北大别杂岩中混合岩形成的动力学机制

本文针对中小位移量伸缩缝构造进行设计研究，提出了一种常温固化型桥梁伸缩缝。经过对伸缩量Δ２０ｃｍ，Δ＝４０ｃｍ的多座桥梁的实验应用表明，这是一种适用于中小位移量桥梁中性能良好的伸缩缝，施工简便。其桥缝具体结构为，在两侧拍击区采用钢纤维混凝土增，缝内用高分子聚合物与一定比例的水泥及掺合物拌和均匀，经一段时间与桥面和加固铺装层固化成具有较高弹性和一定强度的整体式桥梁伸缩缝。其效果良好，供应用参考。     

油藏动力学模型研究的思路、内容和方法

油藏动力学模型由油藏外部形态模型、油藏内部结构模型、岩石物理特性模型、油、气、水特征模型及油藏动力系统模型５个子系统构成。建模工作通常分勘探期、开发前期、开发期及开发中－晚期４个阶段进行，各阶段中建模研究内容、层次及研究方法各有侧重。在整个油藏动力学模型研究系统工作中，储层地质模型与油藏动力系统模型是研究重点，地下原油（或剩余油）分布的动态变化规律是研究目的。     

基于栅格数据的流域降雨径流模型

本文在研究降雨时空分布不均匀与下垫面自然地理参数空间分布不均匀，对降雨径流过程影响的基础上，提出了一种在地理信息系统支持下的动态分布式降雨径流流域模型，实现了基于栅格的坡面产汇流与河道汇流的数值模拟，能够获得流域上任意模拟时刻任意栅格的径流量。模型视栅格为水文一致性单元，水文参数在栅格内一致，在相邻栅格间变化，采用Ｈｏｌｔａｎ模型计算下渗率，水量平衡方程和线性水库的马斯京根法进行栅格产汇流演算，模     

北疆阿巴宫-库尔提断裂带显微组构的运动学和动力学分析

研究了阿尔泰地区NW走向高角度冲断构造中主干的阿巴宫—库尔提断裂带。详细研究了断裂构造岩的变形构造和组构及其所显示的运动学和动力学特征。结果表明:存在早、晚更替且性质不同的变形显微构造。早期以糜棱岩中的韧性变形构造为主,发育有递进变形的不对称构造(压力影、旋转变斑晶、S—C构造等),是断裂中剪切变形运动指向的主要判据。晚期为脆性破裂构造,与早期变形组构具继承、叠加关系。研究了石英光轴的组构形式,证实存在:早期共轴纯剪变形的小圆环带组构和非共轴简单剪切变形中,呈递变关系的点极密—大圆环带—交叉大圆环带组构型式。对变形构造和组构所作的运动学和动力学分析结果表明:阿—库断裂带的形成和变形历史为:①地壳早期NE挤压收缩环境,形成劈理化带;②在持续NE向挤压作用下,大规模剪切、逆冲叠置,和地壳加厚,产生重熔岩浆和流体再分配效应,促使糜棱岩带形成和发展;③晚期地壳NE向挤压下,以垂直差异抬升和大量碎裂岩化高角度逆冲断裂的继承、叠加为特征。在区域大地构造的关系上:①、②对应于地槽褶皱、封闭的地槽体制(海西期),③对应于地洼体制(后海西期)。