Modeling,ray tracing,and block nonlinear travel-time inversion in 3D

We describe an integrated forward and inverse three-dimensional modeling system that can deal with complex geological structures. The system has been designed to handle large-scale problems by using a distributed approach. It uses seismic ray tracing for forward simulation, time-to-depth mapping, and nonlinear travel-time inversion.A novel decomposition method is our tool to attack large-scale problems in a parallel approach. The system is fully implemented and we demonstrate its performance with synthetic examples.This research was partially supported by the National Science Foundation under SBIR Grant III-9300992.     

广西百色盆地湖相有机质中单环烷烃分布特征及其地化意义浅析

笔者运用GC—MS方法,在广西百色盆地湖相暗色泥岩和原油的UNA组分中普遍检测到单环烷烃。经初步研究认为,此类化合物碳数组成与分布和典型海相有机质明显有别。同一样品中烷基环己烷、正构烷烃和一元正脂肪酸的碳数组成、分布的相似性为烷基环己烷源于脂肪酸提供了证据,因而此类化合物亦属生物标志化合物,是生源物输入和油源对比的潜在良好标志。     

Soil water dye tracing,with special reference to the use of rhodamine WT,lissamine FF and amino G acid

Three fluorescent dyes (Rhodamine WT, Lissamine FF and Amino G Acid) are compared for use in soil water tracing. Severe limitations are evident, but practical applications are possible. Background fluorescence, adsorption, desorption, pH and other non-adsorptive effects are reviewed in the contexts of soil column work and field tracing of soil water. Lissamine FF and Amino G Acid are to be preferred for soil column work because of their lower adsorption; Rhodamine WT exhibits higher adsorption but is useful in field situations where organic fluorescence backgrounds are high. Semi-quantitative work may be undertaken in soil columns once a priming and flushing procedure has been adopted.     

海洋沉积物动力学的示踪物方法

本文的论题是示踪物方法在海洋物源追踪和沉积物输运率计算中的应用 ,以及示踪物方法的普适性理论框架。定量的物源追踪需要适当的示踪标记和物质混合模型 ,有必要根据沉积动力过程的研究来确定示踪标记的变换函数 ,从而将改进的示踪标记用于混合模型分析。人工示踪物实验的现有方法以空间积分法最为常用 ,其关键是示踪物质心运动和沉积物活动层的界定。天然示踪物的质心位置是无法定义的 ,因此不能借用传统人工示踪物方法来估算物质输运率 ;在某些特殊情形下 ,可以利用天然示踪物的质量守衡原理来获得物质输运信息。今后 ,以示踪物质的连续方程为基础 ,有可能建立一种同时适用于人工和天然示踪物的普适理论框架。其中需解决的问题包括示踪物与现场物质的差异、沉积速率和活动层厚度的时间尺度、沉积物扩散过程等。     

几种静校正方法的比较研究

为解决近地表速度异常和地形起伏引起的静校正问题,已出现了多种静校正方法,这常常使资料处理人员无所适从。这里从众多的静校正方法中选择了三个具有代表性的,在生产中用得较多的方法(折射静校正、无射线追踪层析静校正、非线性层析静校正),从方法原理、方法特点、实际应用效果等方面进行了比较研究,最后给出了针对不同目标选择适当静校正方法的建议,以帮助资料处理人员在实际资料处理中,有针对性地选择静校正方法,快速有效地完成资料处理任务,提高处理质量。     

线性体图像自动矢量化算法研究

依据线图的结构特点,首先提取节点信息快速抓住图像的总体拓扑结构,然后以节点信息指导进行矢量跟踪,能够有效解决复杂的交叉点问题,提高矢量化的效率和精度。基于节点信息指导和对不同连通体分类跟踪的方法避免了跟踪起始点选取的随意性和跟踪方向选取的盲目性,并具有抗噪性好和适应性强的特点。     

Ternary geochemical-tracing system in natural gas accumulation

The establishment of geochemical-tracing system of gas generation and accumulation is helpful to re-elucidating the gas migration and accumulation in time and space. To deduce the complex process of gas accumulation, a ternary geochemical-tracing system is set up, according to stable isotope inheritance of source rocks, kinetic fractionation of stable isotopes, time-accumulating effect of noble gas isotopes, mantle-derived volatile inheritance, and organic molecule inheritance of light hydrocarbons and thermally kinetic fractionation in their generation, in combination with the previous achievements of gas geochemistry and geochemical parameters of gas-source correlation. There are tight interactions for the geochemical parameters with much information about parent inheritance and special biomarkers, in which they are confirmed each other, reciprocally associated and preferentially used for the requirement so that we can use these geochemical parameters to effectively demonstrate the sources of natural gas, sedimentary environments and thermal evolution of source rocks, migration and accumulation of natural gas, and rearrangement of natural gas reservoirs. It is necessary for the ternary geochemical-tracing system to predict the formation of high efficient gas reservoir and their distribution in time and space.     

Three-dimensional geometrical ray theory and modelling of transmitted seismic energy of data from the Nevada Test Site

This paper presents a geometrically based algorithm for computing synthetic seismograms for energy transmitted through a 3-D velocity distribution. 3-D ray tracing is performed to compute the traveltimes and geometrical spreading (amplitude). The formulations of both kinematic and dynamic ray-tracing systems are presented. The two-point ray-tracing problem is solved by systematically updating the initial conditions and adjusting the ray direction until the ray intersects the specified endpoint. The amount of adjustment required depends on the derivatives of the position with respect to the given starting angles between consecutive rays. The algorithm uses derivatives to define the steepest-descent direction and to update the initial directions. The convergence rate depends on the complexity of the model.
Test seismograms compare favourably with those from a 2-D asymptotic ray theory algorithm and a 3-D Gaussian-beam algorithm. The algorithm is flexible in modelling arbitrary source and recorder geometries for various smoothly varying 3-D velocity distributions. The algorithm is further tested by simulating surface-to-tunnel vibroseis field data. Shear waves as well as compressional waves may be approximately included. Application of the algorithm to a data set from the Rainier Mesa of the Nevada Test Site produced a good fit to the transmitted (first arrival) traveltimes and amplitudes, with approximately 15 per cent variation in the local 3-D velocity.