北京周口店豹皮灰岩的变形特征

周口店地区广泛分布的寒武纪地层府君山组底部灰岩因其具典型的豹斑状构造而被称为豹皮灰岩。本文主要以出露于周口店黄院地区的豹皮灰岩为研究对象。组成豹皮灰岩的物质成分有2种,一为白云质成分的豹斑,其余部分为泥灰质。在露头尺度上,豹皮灰岩中的豹斑发生了明显的旋转变形并具有一定的定向性,而泥灰质成分则具有清晰的韧性变形特征,为较典型的碳酸盐糜棱岩;在微观尺度上,构成豹斑的白云石矿物未发生韧性变形,而泥灰质成分中的方解石具有明显的细粒化、拉长和定向。豹皮灰岩变形发生时岩石所处的温度介于200～250℃之间。豹皮灰岩的形成经历了原岩形成和后期构造变形改造2个阶段,于寒武纪由沉积作用形成了岩石的物质组分和原生层状构造,在前印支期受水平剪切作用形成岩石的豹斑状构造。     

对江南-雪峰带构造属性的讨论

讨论了江南-雪峰山“隆起带”的性质问题,它既不是造山带的“厚皮构造”,也不属于沉积盖层褶皱的“薄皮构造”,而是“过渡型的基底拆离式”的构造。其发生机制是印支—早燕山运动期间由SE向NW(同时派生由S向N、由E向W)的基底拆离和推覆,成为控制整个扬子板块海相中古生界盆地改造变形的动力来源和主导因素,也控制了海相油气的形成与聚集。     

Geology and Metallogenesis of the Sawayaerdun Gold Deposit in the Southwestern Tianshan Mountains, Xinjiang, China

The Sawayaerdun gold deposit, located in Wuqia County, Southwest Tianshan, China, occurs in Upper Silurian and Lower Devonian low‐grade metamorphic carbonaceous turbidites. The orebodies are controlled by a series of NE‐NNE‐trending, brittle–ductile shear zones. Twenty‐four gold mineralized zones have been recognized in the Sawayaerdun ore deposit. Among these, the up to 4‐km‐long and 200‐m wide No. IV mineralized zone is economically the most important. The average gold grade is 1–6 g/t. Gold reserves of the Sawayaerdun deposit have been identified at approximately 37 tonnes and an inferred resource of 123 tonnes. Hydrothermal alteration is characterized by silicification, pyritization, arsenopyritization, sericitization, carbonatization and chloritization. On the basis of field evidence and petrographic analysis, five stages of vein emplacement and hydrothermal mineralization can be distinguished: stage 1, early quartz stage, characterized by the occurrence of quartz veins; stage 2, arsenopyrite–pyrite–quartz stage, characterized by the formation of auriferous quartz veinlets and stockworks; stage 3, polymetallic sulfide quartz stage, characterized by the presence of auriferous polymetallic sulfide quartz veinlets and stockworks; stage 4, antimony–quartz stage, characterized by the formation of stibnite–jamesonite quartz veins; and stage 5, quartz–carbonate vein stage. Stages 2 and 3 represent the main gold mineralization, with stage 4 representing a major antimony mineralization episode in the Sawayaerdun deposit. Two types of fluid inclusion, namely H₂O–NaCl and H₂O–CO₂–NaCl types, have been recognized in quartz and calcite. Aqueous inclusions show a wide range of homogenization temperatures from 125 to 340°C, and can be correlated with the mineralization stage during which the inclusions formed. Similarly, salinities and densities of these fluids range for each stage of mineralization from 2.57 to 22 equivalent wt% NaCl and 0.76 to 1.05 g/cm³, respectively. The ore‐forming fluids thus are representative of a medium‐ to low‐temperature, low‐ to medium‐salinity H₂O–NaCl–CO₂–CH₄–N₂ system. The δ³⁴S_CDT values of sulfides associated with mineralization fall into a narrow range of ?3.0 to +2.6‰ with a mean of +0.1‰. The δ¹³C_PDB values of dolomite and siderite from the Sawayaerdun gold deposit range from ?5.4 to ?0.6‰, possibly reflecting derivation of the carbonate carbon from a mixed magmatic/sedimentary source. Changes in physico‐chemical conditions and composition of the hydrothermal fluids, water–rock exchange and immiscibility of hydrothermal fluids are inferred to have played important roles in the ore‐forming process of the Sawayaerdun gold–antimony deposit.     

东天山秋格明塔什黄山韧性剪切带变形特征分析

东天山秋黄韧性剪切带位于新疆东部两大板块碰撞接合地带,东西延长逾６００ｋｍ,由石炭系组成,规模巨大,分带明显,宏微观变形标志清晰,石英Ｃ轴组构呈点极密型,分为四期变形,序列演化明显,应变测量属平面单剪,剪切位移量达７５ｋｍ以上,存在脆韧性变形转换,变形时代为海西中晚期,强弱应变相间排列的标度不变性特征明显,变形机制属地壳中深层次塑性流变和韧性剪切,与板块间的俯冲碰撞构造演化密切相关。控制着金铜矿分布。     

一个韧性转换挤压带的变形分解作用：以阿尔金断裂带东段为例

变形构造研究显示阿尔金划分成具有近水平拉伸线理的韧性左行走滑变形域和具有陡角度倾伏拉伸线理的收缩变形域。在ＳＳ与ＰＳ之间的过渡区域还发现中等角度倾伏的拉伸线理。     

东天山大型韧性剪切带基本特征与金矿预测

东天山大型韧性剪切带即秋格明塔什-黄山韧性剪切带,规模宏大,东西长逾600km,宽5～20km。变形标志明显,分四期变形。应变测量、岩组分析、剪切位移量计算、同位素测年等定量分析表明：①以平面单剪应变为主,稍晚向伸长应变转化;②存在逆冲剪切和脆-韧性变形转换;③剪切位移量在75km以上;④变形时代在300～250Ma之间,高峰期在285～265Ma,属海西中晚期。它是康-黄断裂带的重要组成体,控制着康古尔塔格金矿带的空间展布。据现有大中型金矿研究建立了区域脆-韧性变形转换带结构模式和金矿预测模式,可有效指导找矿勘探。     

龙门山彭灌杂岩体中梭坡店断裂带显微构造及变形环境分析

对龙门山中段彭灌杂岩体中的一条韧性剪切带进行了确定和命名,并着重从显微组构及岩组学方面对其变形环境进行了讨论,推断其形成深度为１０ｋｍ、温度为５００℃、压力为５００ＭＰａ,形成时的差异应力值为８０～１１０ＭＰａ,应变速率为１０－１１～１０－１０ｍ／ｓ。     

香港大屿山残坡积土的残余强度试验研究

粘性土的残余强度是边坡稳定性评价、桩基与土的相互作用机理研究及填土边坡设计中的重要参数。本文在综述大量文献的基础上,结合香港大屿山火山岩风化残坡积土的残余强度试验研究,分析了残余强度的测试方法和影响残余强度的因素。研究结果表明,残余强度与有效法向应力间具有明显的非线性关系;与单剪测试结果相比,多级剪测试结果明显偏高。     

甘新北山金窝子韧性剪切带型金矿床成因

金窝子金矿床位于中朝_塔里木板块与哈萨克斯坦板块俯冲碰撞带南缘的甘新北山中带东段,受矿源岩系和区域性韧性剪切带的形成和演化的双重控制。下二叠统金窝子组中金元素含量高,又普遍发生浅变质作用和较强烈的构造变形作用,所以金窝子组能够提供成矿物质。区域性构造变形过程中,大规模深层次的韧性剪切变形促使金窝子组中金元素活化迁移,连同SiO2、K、Na等活性组分和岩石中H2O一起,形成含金动力变质热液;当含金热液上升并进入到NEE向低角度逆冲韧脆性断裂中,则发生交代蚀变和矿化,形成蚀变糜棱岩型和网脉型金矿化;而含金热液上升进入到NNW向高角度张性_张扭性脆性断裂中,则发生充填型矿化,形成石英大脉型金矿化。所以金窝子金矿的最主要控矿因素是矿源岩系和韧性剪切带。因此,金窝子金矿床属于韧性剪切带型金矿床,其成矿作用与控矿因素都与韧性剪切带有关。     

蒙古—鄂霍茨克构造带中段构造变形及动力学特征

蒙古—鄂霍茨克构造带作为中亚造山带的重要组成部分,其构造变形和动力学特征一直是地质界关注的问题。沿着该构造带中段,对5个韧性变形点及1个脆性变形点进行详细解析,揭示了该构造带变形及动力学特征。B型褶皱、揉皱、A型褶皱、矿物拉伸线理、S-C组构都显示了该构造带明显的NW—SE剪切作用。剪切方向稳定而单一,未发现多方向变形叠加现象,可能指示了蒙古—鄂霍茨克构造带的形成过程为一期主要的俯冲碰撞或多期同向的俯冲碰撞。对蒙古—鄂霍茨克构造带形成时间和动力学背景进行了讨论,认为该构造带主要形成于中晚侏罗世—早白垩世东亚多向汇聚动力学背景之下。对构造带内地质点mg6脆性断层面上滑动矢量进行了统计和古应力场反演,得出两期古构造应力场,一期为NW—SE挤压,一期为近E—W挤压。NW—SE挤压应力场可能对应了中晚侏罗世—白垩纪古太平洋板块向西俯冲对中亚地区的远程影响;而近E—W向挤压可能反映了早新生代印度—欧亚板块碰撞对中亚地区的远程效应。