兰勃特投影在东西向高速铁路中的应用研究

针对在东西向的高速铁路工程项目建设过程中,现今采用的高斯投影所能控制的范围小,需要建立较多投影带,投影带边缘变形大,各投影带间坐标转换复杂,不利于数据共享等突出问题,本文提出采用兰勃特投影的新方式。首先介绍切、割兰勃特投影的原理和坐标转换方法;其次通过分析高斯投影和兰勃特投影在郑徐高铁项目中的对比应用,得出兰勃特投影更适合东西向高速铁路工程坐标系统建设的结论。对类似线形工程项目具有一定的指导意义。     

大跨钢桁梁形变对轨道平顺性的影响

针对由于大跨钢桁梁形变导致其上设置的轨道控制点(CPIII)空间位置的变化,进而导致轨道平顺性的测量结果受到影响的问题,该文从轨道维护角度出发,探讨大跨钢桁梁形变对轨道测量及平顺性影响规律。通过模拟实验对大跨钢桁梁形变引起的自由设站坐标、钢轨几何位置测量值以及轨道平顺性指标3方面的影响进行了深入讨论,结果表明:对于直线段大跨钢桁梁部分的轨道平顺性影响较小,对钢桁梁与两端混凝土梁连接处的轨道平顺性影响较大。     

建筑物沉降监测中的改进灰色模型

针对传统非等间距GM(1,1)模型在建筑物沉降监测中预测精度不够高的问题,提出了一种新的非等间距GM(1,1)建模方法。此法基于初始条件改进及把灰色微分方程的白化方程中的灰导数用离散形式进行表示的改进相结合、提高非等间距GM(1,1)模型的建模精度。结合桂林市某广场的集商用、住房于一体的高层建筑的沉降变形监测实例,将本模型的沉降预测的结果同文献中另一非等间距GM(1,1)改进方法进行对比分析和检验,充分验证了建筑物沉降变形分析预报中本模型方法的可行性和优越性,对进一步促进非等间距GM(1,1)模型在沉降变形预测中的应用起到了积极的作用。     

Surface-deformation monitoring in the permafrost regions over the Tibetan Plateau,using Sentinel-1 data

Differential Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar(D-In SAR) has been widely used to measure surface deformation over the Tibetan Plateau. However, the accuracy and applicability of the D-In SAR method are not well estimated due to the lack of in-situ validation. In this paper, we mapped the seasonal and long-term displacement of Tanggula(TGL) and Liangdaohe(LDH) permafrost regions with a stack of Sentinel-1 acquisitions using the Small Baseline Subset In SAR(SBAS-In SAR) method. In the TGL region, with its dry soils and sparse vegetation, the In SAR-derived surface-deformation trend was consistent with ground-based leveling results; long-term changes of the active layer showed a settlement rate of around 1 to 3 mm/a due to the melting of ground ice, indicating a degrading permafrost in this area. Around half of the deformation was picked up on monitoring, in contrast with in-situ measurements in LDH, implying that the D-In SAR method remarkably underestimated the surface-deformation. This phenomenon may be induced by the large soil-water content, high vegetation coverage, or a combination of these two factors in this region. This study demonstrates that surface deformation could be mapped accurately for a specific region with Sentinel-1 C-band data, such as in the TGL region.Moreover, although the D-In SAR technology provides an efficient solution for broad surface-deformation monitoring in permafrost regions, it shows a poor performance in the region with high soil-water content and dense vegetation coverage.     

Potential Deformation and Its Application to the Diagnosis of Heavy Precipitation in Mesoscale Convective Systems

Many observational studies have shown that deformation, like vertical vorticity and divergence, is closely related to the occurrence and distribution of strong precipitation. In this paper, to involve deformation in precipitation diagnosis, a new parameter called potential deformation(PD) is derived and then applied to precipitation detection within a simulated mesoscale convective system(MCS). It is shown that PD includes both stretching deformation and shearing deformation and shares similar characteristics with deformation insofar as it does not change with the rotating coordinate. Diagnosis of the simulated MCS reveals that PD performs well in tracing the MCS' precipitation. In terms of their distributional pattern, the large-value areas of PD are similar to the precipitation in the different development stages of the MCS. A detailed analysis of the physical processes contained within the PD shows that it can reflect the three-dimensional moisture variation,vertical wind shear and wind deformation within the MCS. These structures are usually a comprehensive reflection of the characteristics of the surface cold pool, rear inflow jet, downward cold air flow and upward warm moist flow within the precipitating convective cells. For this reason, the PD shows much stronger anomalies in the precipitating atmosphere than the non-precipitating atmosphere, which implies considerable potential for its application in detecting heavy precipitation within MCSs.     

变形监测信号消噪的不确定度

变形表现为一种弱信号,误差呈现为强噪声。小波包分解消噪是对分解中所得到的高频部分再继续细分,因此具有更精细的消噪能力。采用最优小波包基进行信号重构的过程中,信号有一定的损失。若将消噪过程近似成拟合,拟合误差符合正态分布,可以采用假设检验法估计信号重构误差的区间,进而确定信号重构误差的不确定度,评价小波包消噪的质量。     

现代变形监测技术的发展现状与展望

本文对现代变形监测技术从空间、地面、地下三个方面的最新发展入手,综述了各技术目前的应用现状,客观分析了测量机器人、GPS、三维激光扫描、光纤传感器、D-InSAR等技术在变形监测领域应用的特点、优势与不足。提出了随着现代通讯网络技术和G IS技术的发展,变形监测将逐步实现数据获取的自动化,监测设备多层次的集优化,变形数据分析与预警的信息化。     

延安新区地表垂直形变时空演化的经验正交函数分析

采用SBAS-InSAR技术对43景Sentinel-1A影像进行处理,获取延安新区（北区）地表形变信息,并运用经验正交函数对结果进行分解,得到研究区域的时间系数和空间分布。结果表明,延安新区（北区）的最大沉降速率为-56 mm/a,最大抬升速率为32 mm/a。从第1模态可以看出,挖方、填方是造成地表抬升和沉降的主要原因;第2模态则反映了工程建设不同时期对应的不同地表形变状态,即加速、减缓、平稳3个阶段。     

菲律宾棉兰老岛2019年4次MW>6.0地震断层运动模型及库仑应力传输研究

基于雷达干涉测量技术,利用ALOS-2、Sentinel-1卫星升降轨雷达影像,获得2019-10~12发生在菲律宾棉兰老岛的4次M_W>6.0地震的同震形变场,并以此形变结果为约束,反演得到4次地震的断层运动模型。综合分析发现,此次地震序列由3条断裂的破裂引起,其中2019-10-16和2019-10-31的2次地震为同一发震断裂,2019-10-31地震断层破裂区域位于2019-10-16地震断层破裂的东北延伸段,最大滑动量约为1.1 m,约为2019-10-16地震最大滑动量的2倍。2019-10-29地震由一条独立断层破裂引起,断层最大滑动量约为2.0 m。2019-12-15地震由一条东北向倾斜断层破裂引起,断层最大滑动量约为3.0 m。此外,2019-10-16地震引起2019-10-29地震显著滑动区明显的正向库仑应力传输;而2019-10-29地震显著增加了2019-10-31地震震源区域的库仑应力;前3次地震对2019-12-15地震孕震断层的库仑应力传输总和为负值,说明静态库仑应力传输可能不是此次地震触发的主要诱因。     

分数阶傅里叶变换联合支持向量机的建筑物变形预测

提出一种分数阶傅里叶变换(fractional Fourier transformation, FrFT)与支持向量机(support vector machine, SVM)相结合的建筑物变形组合预测模型。首先利用FrFT对变形时间序列进行多尺度分析,将复杂时间序列分解为一系列结构较为简单的子序列;然后利用SVM对每个子序列分别建立预测模型,通过将各个子序列的预测结果进行综合叠加,得到最终预测结果;同时考虑到SVM模型参数选择的难题,提出一种改进果蝇优化算法(improved fruit fly optimization algorithm, IFOA)对其进行全局寻优,提升预测性能。以西南地区某混凝土坝变形实测数据为例开展验证实验,结果表明,本文组合预测模型能够充分挖掘数据中隐含的趋势性和规律性信息,获得较高的预测精度。