罗氏沼虾(Macrobrachium rosenbergii)致病性豚鼠气单胞菌(Aeromonas caviae)的分离鉴定及其特性分析

近年来细菌性疾病因病原菌种类繁多、覆盖区域广而影响了其养殖业的健康发展,造成较大的经济损失。从体表具有黑斑、肢体残损症状的罗氏沼虾(Macrobrachium rosenbergii)肝胰腺组织中分离得到1株病原菌,通过形态学观察、生理生化特性鉴定、16S rRNA序列和特定毒力基因检测鉴定,以及人工回归感染试验和药敏试验分析其致病性和耐药性。结果表明,该菌为豚鼠气单胞菌(Aeromonas caviae),含有aer、lip、gcat、ser和OMPA I等毒力基因;药敏试验显示其对头孢曲松、氯霉素等7种抗生素高度敏感,对恩诺沙星、阿米卡星及复方新诺明3种抗生素中度敏感,对四环素、环丙沙星等10种抗生素具有耐药性;人工回归感染实验表明该菌具有较高的致病性,对罗氏沼虾的半致死浓度为6.54×10⁵ CFU/mL。豚鼠气单胞菌作为水产养殖中的条件性致病菌,研究结果揭示了该菌株的部分生物学特性,有利于丰富豚鼠气单胞菌属的基础数据,同时也为罗氏沼虾养殖过程中的病害防控提供了一定参考依据。     

Biosorption of Cd (Ⅱ) and Pb (Ⅱ) Ions by Aqueous Solutions of Novel Alkalophillic Streptomyces VITSVK5 spp. Biomass

Discharge of heavy metals from metal processing industries is known to have adverse effects on the environment. Biosorption of heavy metals by metabolically inactive biomass of microbial organisms is an innovative and alternative technology for removal of these pollutants from aqueous solution. The search of marine actinobacteria with potential heavy metal biosorption ability resulted in the identification of a novel alkalophilic Streptomyces VITSVK5 species. The biosorption property of Streptomyces VITSVK5 spp. was investigated by absorbing heavy metals Cadmium (Cd) and Lead (Pb). Physiochemical characteristics and trace metal concentration analysis of the backwater showed the concentrations of different metals were lead 13±2.1 μg L⁻¹, cadmium 3.1±0.3μg L⁻¹, zinc 8.4±2.6μg L⁻¹ and copper 0.3±0.1μg L⁻¹, whereas mercury was well below the detection limit. The effect of pH and biomass dosage on removal efficiency of heavy metal ions was also investigated. The optimum pH for maximal biosorption was 4.0 for Cd (II) and 5.0 for Pb (II) with 41% and 84% biosorption respectively. The biosorbent dosage was optimized as 3 g L-1 for both the trace metals. Fourier transform infrared absorption spectrum results indicated the chemical interactions of hydrogen atoms in carboxyl (-COOH), hydroxyl (-CHOH) and amine (-NH₂) groups of biomass with the metal ions. This could be mainly involved in the biosorption of Cd (II) and Pb (II) onto Streptomyces VITSVK5 spp. The results of our study revealed Streptomyces metabolites could be used to develop a biosorbent for adsorbing metal ions from aqueous environments.     

层状云飞机增雨催化剂用量研究

催化用量和催化云的温度场、水汽场、动力场、背景水凝物粒子数浓度和谱分布密切相关。根据层状云中催化层过冷云水量、冰水面饱和水汽密度差、增长形成的冰晶群平均质量、催化剂有效扩散空间、催化剂成核率,给出了催化用量的计算公式。选用尺度为50、100和150μm等效水滴质量表示不同核化增长环境的冰晶群平均质量,对于同质核化,催化剂成核率取为1012(个.g-1),对于异质核化以-6℃-、8℃-、10℃为例,计算了催化用量。计算结果和广泛采用的经验用量吻合。比较后发现,国内飞机增雨的实际催化用量明显偏低,应当引起重视。     

Magnetic susceptibility in sediment records of Lake Ådran,eastern Sweden: correlation among cores and interpretation

Magnetic susceptibility was used to test the representativity of the lithostratigraphy of a master sediment sequence from Lake Ådran, eastern Sweden. Five further sediment cores from the same lake were correlated and compared with the master sequence using magnetic susceptibility records. Mineral magnetic correlations are generally based on matching prominent susceptibility features but may be significantly improved by using slot sequence analyses. The result of these analyses show that the sediment in the Lake Ådran master sequence can be considered representative for the basin. The variations in the magnetic susceptibility in relation to pollen and diatom analyses also seem to reflect water level changes and shore displacement in the Baltic between 9900 ¹⁴C years B.P. and the isolation at 5900 ¹⁴C years B.P. The first emergence of scattered non-vegetated islands is characterised by high susceptibility values. Along with a continuous water lowering and the development of the vegetation during the Ancylus fresh water stage, susceptibility values gradually decrease. A rapid phase of the Ancylus regression between 9200 and 9000 ¹⁴C years B.P. is seen as an increase in magnetic susceptibility. During the following Baltic brackish water stage, the Litorina stage, susceptibility values are at their lowest, followed by higher values at the isolation from the Baltic with a maximum around 5000 ¹⁴C years B.P.Shore displacement between 9900 and 5900 ¹⁴C years B.P. is discussed based on the magnetic susceptibility measurements and their relationship to the pollen and diatom analyses.     

A study of the gas-phase reaction of carbonyl fluoride with water

Ab initio molecular orbital calculations are carried out to determine the mechanism and energetics of the homogeneous reaction of carbonyl fluoride, CF₂O, with water, H₂O. The reaction is found to proceed through two chemically activated intermediates: CF₂(OH)₂ and FC(O)OH. These intermediates in the CF₂O+H₂O reaction are suggested to be transient. The CF₂(OH)₂ dissociates to form FC(O)OH and HF, and the FC(O)OH subsequently dissociates to form CO₂ and HF. The net reaction is CF₂O+H₂O 2HF+CO₂     

Insights into oxygen-cation bonding in fresnoite-type structures from O <Emphasis Type="Italic">K</Emphasis>- and Ti <Emphasis Type="Italic">L</Emphasis><Subscript>23</Subscript>-electron energy-loss spectra and ab initio calculations of the electronic structure

O K- and Ti L₂₃-core-loss spectra of fresnoite Ba₂TiSi₂O₈ (BTS) and Sr₂TiSi₂O₈ (STS), which is isotypic to BTS, have been measured by electron energy-loss spectroscopy (EELS). The energy-loss near-edge structures (ELNES) of the O K edge have been identified on the basis of theoretical simulations and interpretations of the X-ray absorption near-edge structures (XANES), which have been modelled in the framework of self-consistent full multiple-scattering (FMS) theory using FEFF8. Herewith, the K-absorption spectra of oxygen (E) and the local partial electron density of states (DOS) of all atoms have been calculated. For BTS, the observed spectral features in the O K-edge spectra are interpreted in terms of mixing between the central O p and neighbouring Ba 5d and 4f, Si 3p and 3d, and Ti 3d orbitals. The observed differences in the O K-edge spectra for STS and BTS can mainly be attributed to three properties: (1) The lack of high local partial Sr unoccupied DOS with 4f symmetry near the Fermi level compared to the high Ba 4f unoccupied DOS results in differences of overlapping O 2p – cation orbitals. (2) The differences in the ionic radii of Sr and Ba result in a larger unit cell for BTS and, thus, in larger oxygen-cation bonding distances. (3) In comparison to STS, the strength of the incommensurate 2-D structural modulation is significantly weaker in BTS, i.e. distortions of coordination polyhedra occur to a much lesser extent. All these effects alter the oxygen-cation hybridization and, hence, result in a variation of the O 1s p transition and consequently of the O K-edge spectral shape. The observed peak broadening in Ti L₂₃ ELNES of STS compared to BTS is correlated with strong displacive modulations hosted in STS.     

卡托普利生物粘附型缓释胶囊的制备及性能

为改善卡托普利治疗效果、降低其不良反应并为开发理想的水溶性药物缓释系统提供实验依据和理论基础,采用乳化分散法制备卡托普利/壳聚糖明胶网络多聚物微球,湿法制粒制备Cap生物粘附型缓释胶囊,研究结果表明,Cap生物粘附型缓释胶囊具有良好的胃肠道粘附特性、对胃肠道粘膜的粘附力与处方中羟丙基甲基纤维素(HPMC)用量呈正相关,而与碳酸钙和碳酸镁的用量呈负相关.体外释药试验证明,Cap生物粘附型缓释胶囊与Cap普通片相比具有明显延缓Cap释放作用,药物释放速率与HPMC用量呈负相关,释放动力学模拟结果表明其体外释药行为以希古切(Higuchi)为最佳拟合模型,结果说明,Cap生物粘附型缓释胶囊药物释放行为是扩散和骨架溶蚀协同作用的结果。     

对虾病原菌抑菌药物的研究

应用药敏纸片法研究了48种化学疗剂对中国对虾红腿病病原菌(包括Vibrio alg-inolyticus,V.campbellii,V.parahaemolyticus,Proteus vulgaris及未确定的海洋弧菌)生长的抑制作用,其中氯霉素(30μg/片)、磺胶药+TMP(25μg/片)和呋喃妥因(200μg/片)抑菌力最强、抑菌谱最广;红霉素(15iu/片)、土霉素(30μg/片)无明显抑菌作用。对27种中草药水浸液以平板点种法试抑菌作用。结果表明乌梅、石榴皮、五味子的水浸液具有较强的抑菌活性,可用于配制防病药物饵料。5,7—二氯-8-羟基喹啉对多种病原菌有较强的抑菌作用,药物平板点种法最小抑菌浓度为25mg/L,药浴法有效抑菌浓度低于5mg/L。     

全雌鲻鱼培育的进一步研究

为了验证和完善培育全雌鲻鱼的技术路线，我们在首次培育试验成功的基础上，通过调整用药剂量和增加试验鱼数量，进行第二次培育试验。试验选用体长2．8－3.5cm、性别未分化的鲻鱼苗，分为三组。高剂量组和低剂量组分别投喂拌有不同剂量17β-雌二醇的饲料，持续6个月，对照组则投喂不含药物的饲料，结果显示，高剂量组鲻鱼全部分化为雌性，低剂量组雌性率达90％，对照组雌性率仅为10％。与第一次试验结果相比较，我们认为，全雌鲻鱼培育的技术路线更为成熟和合理，为将来推广应用提供可靠的技术保证。     

First-principles simulation of high-pressure polymorphs in MgAl<Subscript>2</Subscript>O<Subscript>4</Subscript>

We have used density functional theory to investigate the stability of MgAl₂O₄ polymorphs under pressure. Our results can reasonably explain the transition sequence of MgAl₂O₄ polymorphs observed in previous experiments. The spinel phase (stable at ambient conditions) dissociates into periclase and corundum at 14 GPa. With increasing pressure, a phase change from the two oxides to a calcium-ferrite phase occurs, and finally transforms to a calcium-titanate phase at 68 GPa. The calcium-titanate phase is stable up to at least 150 GPa, and we did not observe a stability field for a hexagonal phase or periclase + Rh₂O₃(II)-type Al₂O₃. The bulk moduli of the phases calculated in this study are in good agreement with those measured in high-pressure experiments. Our results differ from those of a previous study using similar methods. We attribute this inconsistency to an incomplete optimization of a cell shape and ionic positions at high pressures in the previous calculations.