求定CG-5型重力仪静态漂移常数的方法研究

介绍了如何利用仪器的试验数据文件,在MATLAB中绘制静态漂移曲线和残余零漂曲线图的方法.设计了一款GUI用户界面,并给出了两种精确计算漂移常数数值的方法.通过多台仪器计算对比,该方法能够较好地检验仪器静态漂移特性.     

滑坡变形空间评价的位移速率比方法研究

实测数据表明,松散土质斜坡和具有时效变形特征的岩质斜坡的滑坡变形往往具有蠕变特点,即从开始出现变形到最终失稳破坏一般需经历初始变形、等速变形和加速变形3个阶段。基于典型的滑坡累积位移-时间曲线特征,提出了采用位移速率比作为通用指标来判定滑坡上各点变形阶段的方法：多个连续时段均为等速变形即相邻位移速率比位于0～2之间时,认为进入等速变形阶段;当位移速率比大于2时,初步认为,其进入加速变形阶段。结合典型实例建立了位移速率比判定滑坡上各点变形阶段的判定标准：在滑坡位移速率比大于2之后,滑坡体进入加速变形阶段,对加速变形阶段可再作进一步细分：位移速率比为2～6时,为滑坡体的初加速阶段,为6～8时,滑坡体进入中加速阶段,大于8则为临滑阶段。基于地理信息系统（Geographic information system,简称GIS）平台,建立了滑坡变形空间评价的位移速率比方法,并对金坪子滑坡的空间变形状态进行了评价,验证了该方法的可行性和合理性。     

天然土层初始状态与土体压缩性的相关性刍议

通过分析自钻式旁压仪等原位测试手段获取静止侧压力系数偏高现象,揭示了传统理论估算天然土层垂向应力偏小的事实。经历勘探开采的卸荷膨胀,室内实验取得的原状样本重力密度不再等同于地层埋藏条件的初始状态。初始状态不会背离土体压缩性本质,因此以均匀性假设条件认知上覆压力作用下天然土层土体的物理性质并不恰当。本文采取固结压力附加100kPa等技术措施变革压缩实验分析模式,探索构建与压缩和回弹性质及应力历史条件相关的天然土层初始状态数学模型。结合应用实例,提出室内实验观察的回弹指数不足以体现样本的膨胀状况,最小干密度和液限状态的物理意义或是土体原始压缩的最大孔隙特征,以及压缩指数不能圆满诠释土体压缩性原理等见解。     

石碑塬滑坡黄土液化特征及其影响因素研究

石碑塬滑坡是1920年海原地震触发的大型黄土流滑,认识其破坏特征与发生机制对于黄土边坡长距离液化失稳机制的研究非常重要。对石碑塬黄土滑坡的调查和研究表明,饱和黄土或高含水率黄土具有很高的液化势和流态破坏势,在强震作用下,饱和黄土易发生液化或流滑。对石碑塬滑坡的7组原状黄土样品进行振动三轴剪切试验,并结合其微观特征分析,探讨了循环振动荷载作用下的饱和黄土孔隙水压力-应变增长模型,分析了振动液化过程中液化应力比与黄土粒度组成、土体微观结构参数及饱和度之间的关系。结果表明：黏粒含量越低,振动作用下饱和黄土孔隙水压力响应越快,液化应力比越低;黄土孔隙比越大,孔隙结构分形维数越大,液化应力比越低,振动液化后黄土孔隙分形维数降低,结构较液化之前更为致密;饱和度对黄土粒间胶结物质的赋存状态及黄土结构强度影响很大,同一土体饱和度越高,溶滤于孔隙水中的离子浓度越高,土体粒间接触点（或胶结点）越容易发生断裂,使得黄土结构强度降低,液化应力比降低。     

Satellite-tracked drifting buoy observations in the south equatorial current in the Indian Ocean

Three satellite-tracked drifting buoys released in the south equatorial current in the Indian Ocean followed the path of the current moving westward approximately zonally in the vicinity of 10 S latitude. On nearing the east coast of Africa two buoys moved north and the third moved south. Over the open sea regime the buoys moved with a speed of approximately 30 cm/s at an angle of about 35° to the left of the wind. The overall tendencies seen in the buoy drift are similar to those observed elsewhere in the world oceans.     

Perched lobe formation in the Gulf of Cadiz: Interactions between gravity processes and contour currents (Algarve Margin, Southern Portugal)

The Gulf of Cadiz is swept by the strong saline Mediterranean Outflow Water (MOW). On the Algarve Margin (South Portugal), this current has constructed fine-grained contourite drifts. This margin is dissected by the Portimao Canyon and three short channels that only incise the upper slope, and are absent on a terrace located at mid-slope depths along the Algarve Margin. High-resolution seismic profiles and sediment cores highlight the original architecture of the sedimentary deposits on this terrace. Coarse-grained lenticular chaotic bodies formed during major relative sea-level lowstands are intercalated within the drift. The lobate shape and sandy nature of the lenticular chaotic bodies and their location at the mouths of the three short channels suggest they are gravity-generated deposits that are perched on the middle continental slope.In the Gulf of Cadiz, the interaction between contour current and gravity processes is strongly controlled by climatic variations and relative sea-level changes during the late Quaternary. During cold periods when sea-level was low, erosion intensified on the continental shelf and the deepest part of MOW was active. Sediment was transported downslope through the channels and deposited on sedimentary lobes perched on the mid-slope terrace. During warm periods when relative sea-level was high, the supply of sediment from the shelf was shut off and the shallowest part of MOW was more active. Contourite drifts fill the channels and bury the sandy lobes.     

Vp/Vs Anisotropy and Implications for Crustal Composition Identification and Earthquake Prediction

Abstract: The ratio of P- to S-wave velocities (Vp/Vs) is regarded as one of the most diagnostic properties of natural rocks. It has been used as a discriminant of composition for the continental crust and provides valuable constraints on its formation and evolution processes. Furthermore, the spatial and temporal changes in Vp/Vs before and after earthquakes are probably the most promising avenue to understanding the source mechanics and possibly predicting earthquakes. Here we calibrate the variations in Vp/Vs in dry, anisotropic crustal rocks and provide a set of basic information for the interpretation of future seismic data from the Wenchuan earthquake Fault zone Scientific Drilling (WFSD) project and other surveys. Vp/Vs is a constant (Ф0) for an isotropic rock. However, most of crustal rocks are anisotropic due to lattice-preferred orientations of anisotropic minerals (e.g., mica, amphibole, plagioclase and pyroxene) and cracks as well as thin compositional layering. The Vp/Vs ratio of an anisotropic rock measured along a selected pair of propagation-vibration directions is an apparent value (Фij) that is significantly different from the value for its isotropic counterpart (Ф0). The usefulness of apparent Vp/Vs ratios as a diagnostic of crustal composition depends largely on rock seismic anisotropy. A 5% of P- and S-wave velocity anisotropy is sufficient to make it impossible to determine the crustal composition using the conventional criteria (Vp/Vs≤1.756 for felsic rocks, 1.7561.944 fluid-filled porous/fractured or partially molten rocks) if the information about the wave propagation-polarization directions with respect to the tectonic framework is unknown. However, the variations in Vp/Vs measured from borehole seismic experiments can be readily interpreted according to the orientations of the ray path and the polarization of the shear waves with respect to the present-day principal stress directions (i.e., the orientation of cracks) and the frozen fabric (i.e., foliation and lineation).     

轴压比对中等高度LC结构剪力墙抗震性能的影响

轻骨料混凝土(L ight-we ight concrete,简称LC)剪力墙的轴压比是剪力墙抗震设计时一个重要的控制因素,直接关系到其延性性能。为使设计规程具有足够的理论依据,本文通过对六榀轻骨料混凝土剪力墙试件的试验,研究了在低周反复荷载作用下,着重考虑不同轴压比对中等高度有边框剪力墙的破坏形态和变形性能的影响效应,对其滞回特性进行分析,计算了各剪力墙的刚度退化率与延性系数,并将无竖缝剪力墙与带竖缝剪力墙的抗震性能进行了对比。     

剪切型多自由度体系瞬时输入能量的分布

通过对剪切型多自由度体系的地震能量反应分析,提出了描述多自由度体系整体脉冲能量反应的参数,瞬时输入能量等效平均速度,并在此基础上建立了瞬时输入能量分布系数的概念,提出了估计瞬时输入能量分布的方法。     

Dimensionless input parameters in discrete element modeling and assessment of scaling techniques

A set of dimensionless input parameters were defined for DEM using a characteristic time which is a function of density and elastic modulus of particles and an arbitrary characteristic length. Dimensionless strain rate and mass damping ratio are inversely proportional to the characteristic time, and stress is normalized by elastic modulus to give dimensionless stress. It was demonstrated that the response of a model in the dimensionless scale is invariant with the choice of density, elastic modulus and the characteristic length if dimensionless strain rate and mass damping ratio are kept constant. Small time step is a prohibitive aspect of DEM. Scaling techniques are widely employed to enlarge the time step. Using the dimensionless scheme, it was learned that density scaling is equivalent to the use of a higher strain rate, and stiffness scaling results in a higher strain rate and an elevated stress state in the dimensionless scale.