地震作用下简支梁桥支座-挡块-桥墩相互作用研究

为了提高中小跨径简支梁桥的抗震能力,促进多级抗震设计思想的完善,以汶川地震中的寿江大桥为背景,构建了支座-挡块-桥墩相互作用分析模型,采用增量动力分析（IDA）方法,以挡块强度和墩高作为变化参数,研究了支座滑移、挡块限位和桥墩塑性三者之间抗震性能状态的耦合关系。研究表明:提高挡块强度可有效地控制支座的滑移,但会增大桥墩的曲率延性系数,且桥墩越矮,曲率延性系数增长越快;随着挡块强度的变化,支座滑移比的变化幅度明显大于桥墩曲率延性系数;随着墩高的增大,挡块的相对限位能力会提高;对于中小跨径简支梁桥而言,理想的抗震状态为:允许挡块破坏,使得支座出现小幅滑移,桥墩出现可修复的塑性损伤。因此,在挡块设计中,可优先考虑支座的限位效果,再综合考虑桥墩的地震响应,当桥墩为矮墩时,挡块的设计强度不可过大。     

基于自然激励技术和FT时移特性的模态阻尼比识别方法

基于环境激励下结构动力响应信号分析与处理识别结构的模态参数,是结构健康监测和损伤诊断的一个重要环节,目前为止,要得到较为可靠的识别结果仍有一定困难,尤其是模态阻尼比。基于自然激励技术和傅里叶变换的时移特性,提出了一种新的结构模态阻尼比估算方法,通过理论推导和仿真算例验证了该方法的可行性,进而利用一刚构-连续组合梁桥在环境激励下的动力测试数据,通过该方法对其阻尼比进行了识别,并将识别结果与数据驱动随机子空间法的识别结果进行了对比。结果表明:提出的方法可以减轻噪声影响,得到可接受的识别结果,可为大型工程结构阻尼比的识别提供一个方便和有效的途径。     

速度锁定型自复位防屈曲支撑对桥梁的影响规律研究

依托某连续梁桥,建立3种不同纵向支撑形式的有限元模型,通过模态分析和动力时程分析,研究不同支撑形式对结构动力性能和抗震性能的影响规律。结果表明:在动力性能方面,与不设置纵向支撑系统相比,设置LU-SC-BRB的桥梁结构各阶振动频率不变,而设置SC-BRB桥梁模型的纵向刚度以及自振频率均有提高。在抗震性能方面:设置LU-SC-BRB的桥梁结构能够对墩底剪力、弯矩峰值以及墩顶纵向位移峰值有较为明显的控制作用;同时,设置LU-SC-BRB支撑与设置SC-BRB支撑的桥梁结构相比抗震性能好,并能避免温差等导致次内力及附加约束。     

某核电厂应急通道桥梁地震响应分析

某核电厂为满足建设、运营及特殊情况下的应急需求,拟建应急通道桥,其抗震安全十分重要。本文介绍了考虑桥-桩-地基的三维整体精细化模型的有限元动力时程分析方法,计算桥梁在SL-1(运行安全地震动)和SL-2(极限安全地震动)地震作用下地基典型断面、T梁以及墩柱的动力响应。结果表明该方法能直接处理土的非线性问题以及方便的考虑地基辐射阻尼作用,同时可以精细模拟T梁和盖梁间的支座接触。三维计算采用自主开发的GEODYNA高性能软件平台,计算效率较高。该方法可为核电厂桥梁抗震设计提供参考。     

深水桥梁台阶式沉井基础局部冲刷特性研究

为探究台阶式沉井基础附近局部冲刷的影响,建立三维水动力数学模型,计算分析恒定流下台阶式沉井基础附近水动力特征。基于数值模拟结果设计了8个有效试验工况进行物理模型试验,分别探究了台阶式沉井平台宽度、埋置深度以及挡墙高度对局部冲刷特性的影响并进行讨论。试验结果表明台阶式沉井局部最大冲刷深度随平台截面宽度比增大逐步减小并趋于稳定。台阶式沉井局部最大冲刷深度随平台埋深比增大而逐步减小最终趋于稳定。台阶式沉井平台处设置较低挡墙对减小沉井周围局部冲刷最大深度有小幅的效果。     

钢箱梁自行车桥的舒适度研究

为研究厦门市薄壁弯箱梁自行车桥的舒适度,借助SAP2000有限元软件建立自行车高架桥三维模型,参考德国标准EN 03设计人行荷载模型,计算0~50Hz频率范围内桥梁的动态响应,根据该桥结构动力特性,分析0~4Hz激励荷载作用下各跨跨中的动力响应及不同桥跨之间的衰减情况。结果表明:激励响应主要以竖向响应为主,横桥向和顺桥向的位移值大约为竖向位移值的0.51%~27.69%;第4跨激励响应最大,第3跨最小;相邻跨受迫振动响应随跨度距离的增大依次减小;跨内及不同桥跨间的加速度响应结果均达到规范规定的舒适度要求;速度响应同加速度在趋势上吻合度良好,速度指标可作为舒适度评价补充验算的指标。该研究结果对今后指导自行车桥设计和舒适度分析意义重大,并为研究者对该类桥的进一步研究提供借鉴。     

基础隔震结构的减震耗能特性分析

根据基础隔震理论,在钢筋沥青隔震礅的基础上,提出一种新型钢结构隔震礅,设计和制作了缩尺房屋模型,并对其进行振动台试验。通过对隔震结构模型的动力特性、地震响应及能量平衡分析,绘制试验过程中的加速度及能量时程曲线,研究钢隔震礅应用于低层框架结构的减震耗能能力。大量工程实例可以看出该隔震礅隔震效果显著,制作简单、价格低廉、耐久性好,适于在广大村镇地区低层框架结构中推广使用。试验表明:隔震结构模型在不同的地震作用下,加速度折减系数处在0.24~0.51之间,且结构的阻尼耗能在振动台试验中占总输入能量的60%~70%,对结构耗能起主导作用,说明该基础隔震装置不仅具有较好的减震耗能特性能,对于控制隔震层的位移也有好的效果。     

Hanger replacement influence on seismic response of suspension bridges: Implementation to the Bosphorus Bridge subjected to multi-support excitation

The effects of hanger replacement from inclined to vertical configuration on seismic response of long-span suspension bridges are investigated considering multi-support earthquake excitation. The Bosphorus Bridge is investigated due to its recent comprehensive rehabilitation, mainly involving hanger replacement. The finite-fault stochastic simulation method (FINSIM) is utilized for multi-point earthquake time-history generation. The developed finite element (FE) model both for the inclined and vertical hanger arrangement are verified through the structural health monitoring (SHM) data. Based on the comparative analysis, the tension force of vertical hangers is found to be lower than that of inclined hangers, whereas the tension force of the main and back-stay cables remains the same. The compressive axial force of the deck decreases relatively in the case of the vertical hanger arrangement, whereas the cross-sectional forces at the tower base section increase. The approach viaducts are not affected by the vertical hanger arrangement. According to the demand/capacity ratios for damage estimation under the max. earthquake (2475 years return period), structural damage on the tower base section may be expected for both hanger arrangements, while these sections perform well under design scenario earthquake. The expansion joint of the bridge with inclined hangers is also estimated to be damaged; however, this displacement is lower in the case of the vertical hanger arrangement due to the viscous dampers. The findings also reveal that a change in hanger form of a suspension bridge can necessitate other structural retrofit, such as using viscous dampers to limit longitudinal displacements of the deck and retrofitting the bridge towers.     

钢筋混凝土圆截面桥墩抗震加固方式对比分析

为研究不同加固方式对钢筋混凝土(RC)圆截面桥墩抗震性能的影响,利用OpenSees有限元软件建立了普通RC桥墩以及分别采用钢套管、碳纤维增强聚合物(CFRP)、体外预应力筋进行加固的桥墩数值分析模型,对模型输入远断层地震动,进行增量动力分析。以墩顶峰值位移角与震后残余位移角为指标,对比分析了桥墩加固前后的地震响应。结果表明:采用钢套管、体外预应力筋和CFRP加固后,RC桥墩的峰值位移与震后残余位移均减小,钢套管加固方式对桥墩峰值位移的降低幅度最大,体外预应力筋加固方式对抑制桥墩震后残余位移的效果最好;随着剪跨比的增大,3种加固方式对桥墩在地震动作用下位移响应的抑制作用均逐步减小;随着轴压比的增大,3种加固方式对RC桥墩峰值位移的抑制作用逐步降低。     

INTEGRAL REPRESENTATIONS AND REGULARIZATIONS FOR A DIVERGENT SERIES SOLUTION OF A BEAM SUBJECTED TO SUPPORT MOTIONS

Derived herein is the integral representation solution of a Rayleigh-damped Bernoulli–Euler beam subjected to multi-support motion, which is free from calculation of a quasi-static solution, and in which the modal participation factor for support motion is formulated as a boundary modal reaction, thus making efficient calculation feasible. Three analytical methods, including (1) the quasi-static decomposition method, (2) the integral representation with the Cesàro sum technique, and (3) the integral representation in conjunction with Stokes' transformation, are presented. Two additional numerical methods of (4) the large mass FEM simulation technique and (5) large stiffness FEM simulation technique are easily incorporated into a commercial program to solve the problem. It is found that the results obtained by using these five methods are in good agreement, and that both the Cesàro sum and Stokes' transformation regularization techniques can extract the finite part of the divergent series of the integral representation. In comparison with the Mindlin method and Cesàro sum technique, Stokes' transformation is the best way because it is not only free of calculation of the quasi-static solution, but also because it can obtain the convergence rate as rapidly as the mode acceleration method can.