天文望远镜子镜超磁致伸缩驱动器驱动模型及参数识别

采用超磁致伸缩驱动器(GMA,Giant Magnetostrictive Actuator)驱动拼接镜面天文望远镜子镜,并建立GMA精密位移驱动准确模型。针对传统遗传算法在辨识GMA位移模型参数时容易过早收敛到次优解的问题,提出了基于分层遗传算法(HGA,HierarchicalGenetic Algorithm)的参数识别方法,其结果在改善驱动位移模拟准确性和提高求解初期种群多样性,相对于其他算法都有较大程度的提高。研究通过与实验结果对比验证了所提出参数辨识方法和建立模型的有效性,位移预测值和实验值的平均偏离值不超过满行程的1.3%。研究还就驱动磁场强度幅值和预应力等因素对滞回、损耗、饱和磁化强度、饱和磁致伸缩量等模型参数的影响进行了分析。     

青岛近岸海域浮游动物群落结构特征

以2020年8—9月在青岛近岸海域进行的浮游动物调查数据为基础,分析了该海域浮游动物的群落结构特征。调查海域共发现浮游动物成体29种,浮游幼虫14类,其中浅水Ⅰ型网调查发现成体27种,浮游幼虫14类,浅水Ⅱ型网发现成体24种,浮游幼虫12类;浅水Ⅰ型网和浅水Ⅱ型网调查浮游动物平均丰度分别为128.4 ind./m³、1 010.9 ind./m³;平均生物量(湿质量)为37.7 mg/m³、101.3 mg/m³;平均多样性指数为2.18、2.11;平均丰富度指数为0.95、1.77;平均均匀度指数为0.54、0.70;浅水Ⅰ型网采集的浮游动物种类数量略多于浅水Ⅱ型网,但浅水Ⅱ型网得出的丰度和生物量远大于浅水Ⅰ型网。在群落多样性评价指数方面,两种网具调查结果有一定的差异。     

系统发育多样性和系统发育结构在岛屿植物群落保护中的意义：以福建沿海19个岛屿为例

为了探讨福建沿海岛屿植物多样性的形成与维持机制,本研究在福建近岸有居民岛屿前期调查资料的基础上,补充部分无居民岛屿植物多样性及环境和人口密度调查数据,从物种多样性和系统发育多样性两方面比较了19个岛屿植物多样性及其影响因素。结果表明,岛屿面积是影响植物物种丰富度(species richness, SR)和Faith系统发育多样性(phylogenetic diversity, PD)最重要的因素,纬度和年均降水量也有一定影响。19个岛屿系统发育结构倾向于聚集,植物群落的构建可能主要受到环境因素和人类活动干扰影响。地理距离对岛屿间植物群落系统发育β多样性的变化影响不显著。建议对PD较高的东山岛、粗芦岛、南日岛、湄洲岛、厦门岛、平潭岛、三都岛进行重点保护,并结合实际情况针对各岛屿功能定位制定保护和开发利用方案。本研究可以为多层次的多样性评价指标应用于岛屿植物多样性评估以及群落构建机制分析提供参考,也可以为岛屿生物多样性保护策略的制定提供理论依据。     

三峡库区短颌鲚(Coilia brachygnathus)新建种群的年龄结构、生长特征及遗传多样性分析

2019~2020年在三峡库区巫山(WS)、万州(WZ)、丰都(FD)、涪陵(FL)4个采样点采集到新建短颌鲚(Coilia brachygnathus)种群153尾个体,基于鳞片和10个微卫星DNA标记进行年龄结构、生长特征与遗传多样性分析。结果显示,短颌鲚种群体长分布范围为102.1~301.6mm,平均体长(196.6±40.0)mm;体重分布范围为1.90~79.70g,平均体重(17.70±13.06)g。短颌鲚种群年龄组为1~5龄,其中2龄和3龄为优势年龄组,占总个体数的82.35%。体长-体重呈幂函数指数关系,属于正异速生长类型。微卫星DNA标记分析结果显示,10个微卫星位点共检测到82个等位基因,各群体平均等位基因数(N_a)为5.600 0~7.300 0,平均有效等位基因数(N_e)为3.541 4~3.831 5,平均观测杂合度(H_o)为0.617 7~0.700 0,平均期望杂合度(H_e)为0.682 3~0.702 9之间,平均多态信息含量(PIC)为0.628 5~0.648 4。4个群体的遗传多样性水平均较高,呈现出由三峡库区下游至上游逐渐减小的特点。遗传结构分析结果显示,群体间遗传分化水平很低,遗传变异主要来源于个体内部。结果表明,三峡库区短颌鲚种群处于快速扩张阶段,4个群体均具有较丰富的遗传多样性,遗传结构未发生显著群体分化,群体间基因交流频繁。由此提示,三峡库区短颌鲚很可能来源于三峡大坝下种群扩张迁入三峡库区水域而繁殖建群。     

River discharge reduces reef coral diversity in Palau

Coral community structure is often governed by a suite of processes that are becoming increasingly influenced by land-use changes and related terrestrial discharges. We studied sites along a watershed gradient to examine both the physical environment and the associated biological communities. Transplanted corals showed no differences in growth rates and mortality along the watershed gradient. However, coral cover, coral richness, and coral colony density increased with increasing distance from the mouth of the bay. There was a negative relationship between coral cover and mean suspended solids concentration. Negative relationships were also found between terrigenous sedimentation rates and the richness of adult and juvenile corals. These results have major implications not only for Pacific islands but for all countries with reef systems downstream of rivers. Land development very often leads to increases in river runoff and suspended solids concentrations that reduce coral cover and coral diversity on adjacent reefs.     

Temporal estimates of genetic diversity in some Mytilus galloprovincialis populations impacted by the Prestige oil-spill

The sinking of the tanker Prestige in November 2002 off the coast of Galicia resulted in the release of about 60,000 tons of heavy oil. The oil-spill provoked a serious environmental impact in Spanish and French coasts, which biological consequences are still being assessed. In this study we address the temporal dynamics of genetic diversity in some mussel populations impacted by the oil-spill. Changes in genetic diversity can be measured in natural populations provided that serial samples are available from before (year 2000) and after (years 2003, 2005) the oil-spill. Analyses of seven microsatellites indicate a weak but significant increase of genetic variation after the spill. This phenomenon is interpreted herein in terms of a balance between a enhanced genome mutability on microsatellite variation and a low genetic drift due to toxicants and asphyxia although other stochastic phenomena cannot be ruled out. Per locus annotation showed that in spite of the allelic changes observed in the period 2000-2005, the final size of most allelic series remained quite alike to those of year 2000. Present genetic data suggest that the genotoxic impact of the Prestige spill did not compromise the genetic diversity of studied mussel populations, at least regarding the genetic markers analysed.     

Rock-physics-based carbonate pore type characterization and reservoir permeability heterogeneity evaluation, Upper San Andres reservoir, Permian Basin, west Texas

The use of the shear wave velocity data as a field index for evaluating the liquefaction potential of sands is receiving increased attention because both shear wave velocity and liquefaction resistance are similarly influenced by many of the same factors such as void ratio, state of stress, stress history and geologic age. In this paper, the potential of support vector machine (SVM) based classification approach has been used to assess the liquefaction potential from actual shear wave velocity data. In this approach, an approximate implementation of a structural risk minimization (SRM) induction principle is done, which aims at minimizing a bound on the generalization error of a model rather than minimizing only the mean square error over the data set. Here SVM has been used as a classification tool to predict liquefaction potential of a soil based on shear wave velocity. The dataset consists the information of soil characteristics such as effective vertical stress (σ′_v0), soil type, shear wave velocity (V_s) and earthquake parameters such as peak horizontal acceleration (a_max) and earthquake magnitude (M). Out of the available 186 datasets, 130 are considered for training and remaining 56 are used for testing the model. The study indicated that SVM can successfully model the complex relationship between seismic parameters, soil parameters and the liquefaction potential. In the model based on soil characteristics, the input parameters used are σ′_v0, soil type, V_s, a_max and M. In the other model based on shear wave velocity alone uses V_s, a_max and M as input parameters. In this paper, it has been demonstrated that Vs alone can be used to predict the liquefaction potential of a soil using a support vector machine model.     

长江源区植物群落特征与环境因子的关系

分析了长江源区冬克玛底流域典型多年冻土区植物群落特征与环境因子的关系.结果表明:1)TWINSPAN将112个植被样方划分为5个主要植物群落,物种生活型组成以多年生草本为主(87种),其次是1～2年生草本（19种）;2）植物群落特征与环境特征累计解释量高达88.5％,盖度和生物量对环境梯度变化响应较明显,其次是Patr...     

南京滨江风光带展示厅地图应用

以南京滨江风光带展示厅装饰、布展工作的亲历,介绍了此项工程中用于布展的地图种类、形式、作用和编制方法,说明了地图在现代社会诸多领域中不可替代的地位和作用,对新形势下地图编制和产品开发工作提出了建议。     

热带东北印度洋海域管水母类的群落结构特征

管水母是海洋浮游动物中的重要类群,通常可作为海流或水团的指示种,其分布受温度、盐度和食物的影响。本文根据2011年4月在东印度洋海域(5°S~5°N,80°~98.5°E)26个站的调查资料,分析了管水母种类组成、丰度分布和群落结构特征。共鉴定管水母37种,以热带大洋广布种和赤道种为主,其中扭形爪室水母Chelophyes contorta、巴斯水母Bassia bassensis、双小水母Nanomia bijuga和短深杯水母Abylopsis eschscholtzi是调查海域的优势种。依据调查站位设置及环境特征,将调查海域分东部断面、赤道断面和西部断面3个区域。各个调查站种数变化范围为2~14种,东部和西部断面的种类较丰富,而赤道断面近岸区种数低,离岸区种数增多。管水母的平均丰度为(1.04±0.58)个/m3,分布不均匀,东部断面和西部断面的丰度比赤道断面高,特别是赤道断面近岸区丰度在1.0个/m3以下。调查海区的管水母属于比较典型的热带大洋性生态类群。群落结构分析表明,东部和西部断面的群落结构相似度较高,二者与赤道断面的相似度均较低。调查海域管水母种类和丰度的分布受水文和生物环境因子的综合影响。双小水母Nanomia bijuga可作为东部断面和赤道断面近岸区沿岸水团的指示种,锥体浅室水母Lensia conoides和褶玫瑰水母Rosacea plicata可作为西部断面100m以下涌升水团的指示种。