北京重力地球潮参数和重力仪力学特性的测定

根据北京白家疃测站８台ＧＥＯ潮汐重力仪对比观测的资料，采用标准线性体流变模型模拟重力仪及记录系统的力学特性，计算各台仪器的格值改正系数、主潮汐波的振幅衰减系数和相位滞后；确定北京重力地球潮的振幅因子δ和相让滞后为δ（Ｍ_２）＝１．１７８４，δ（Ｏ_１）＝１．１８０４，δ（Ｍ_２）／δ（Ｏ_１）＝０．９９８３，（Ｍ_２）＝０．０７°，（Ｏ_１）＝０．１０°．     

EUTROPHICATION AND RED TIDES AS CONSEQUENCES OF ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT

1 mTRoorcnoxThe EnvirDment AgenCy of UK (l997) defins eUtIDPhication as "the enrichInnt of waters byinorgedc plant nUtrientS that result in the simulation of an mp Of syInPtOInati changes. These includethe inCrased PrOduCtiOn Of aigae or othe aquatic PlantS, affeChng the quallty of the water and distUIbingthe balance Of orpedsms Present within it. Such changes Inay be undesirable and intetw with wateuses." Sndth et al. (l999) indicated tha eopation of waters is mainly caused by h…     

新疆新源台固体潮潮汐因子特征浅析

采用Venedikov调和分析方法对新源台倾斜固体潮整点观测数据进行处理，得到倾斜固体潮鸩波潮汐因子变化曲线。分析其震兆异常特征，给出了新源台倾斜固体潮潮汐因子异常标准，结果发现异常与周围200km范围内的5级以上地震对应较好，具有较高的预报效能并通过了尺值评分检验。     

云南白水台钙华水池中水化学日变化及其生物控制的发现

为弄清云南白水台泉及其下游钙华水池中水化学的日变化,选取1号泉及其流经的两个钙华水池(6号和10号)作为研究对象并对其水温、pH值和电导率进行了自动监测。根据Ca2 、HCO3-与电导率存在的线性关系,用WATSPAC软件计算了水中方解石的饱和指数和PCO2。监测发现:泉水不存在显著的水化学日动态变化,而两个钙华水池表现出显著的日动态变化。其中10号钙华水池在白天温度较高时水中的CO2大量逸出并通过水下水生植物的光合作用加速了水中碳酸钙的沉积。6号钙华水池水生植物生长茂盛,其叶片和部分枝干露出水面,因而光合作用主要发生在空中,所以此处水化学表现为白天pH值降低和电导率升高的反常现象,即由温度主导的根呼吸作用,在白天释放更多的CO2进入水体而使沉积下来的碳酸钙重新溶解。     

Determination of vertical displacements over the coastal area of Korea due to the ocean tide loading using GPS observations

This paper describes the GPS applicability for detecting the vertical displacements of ground stations caused by ocean tide loading effects. An experiment was carried out using 12 permanent GPS stations located in the coastal area of Korea using data in the period 1 July until 26 August 2003. The relative height differences were calculated from hourly DGPS data processing based on the carrier-phase observation. The power spectra of the M₂ and N₂ constituents of ocean tide loading were derived using the CLEAN algorithm. The differential vertical displacements generated by the ocean tide loading effect are typically 3–25 mm in coastal area of the Korea. We compared the results from GPS with those of the ocean tide models, NAO.99Jb regional model and GOT00.2, FES99 global models. The M₂ (N₂) amplitude differences of vertical displacements between GPS and GOT00.2 is 1.22 ± 3.61 mm (1.01 ± 1.48 mm), and that of the M₂ (N₂) amplitude difference between GPS and FES99 is 0.04 ± 4.64 mm (0.64 ± 1.75 mm), whereas the M₂ (N₂) amplitude difference between GPS and NAO.99Jb are 0.05 ± 1.03 mm (0.86 ± 1.18 mm). The highest vertical displacements at the PALM station are found for 24.5 ± 0.7 mm from GPS observation, and 22.9 mm from the regional model NAO.99Jb and 13.17 and 10.00 mm from the global models GOT00.2 and FES99, respectively. These values show that the vertical displacements derived from GPS are in good agreement with those of the regional model NAO.99Jb around Korea, more than with the global models. This result indicated that GPS is an effective tool to measure the vertical displacement caused by the ocean tide loading effect in the coastal area, and we need to use the NAO.99Jb ocean tide model rather than the global ocean tide models in and around the Korean peninsula for position determination with permanent GPS installations. This work demonstrates that vertical displacement caused by the M₂ and N₂ constituents of ocean tide loading can be measured by carrier-phase DGPS.     

由井-含水层系统的水位动态反演含水层体应变

以孔隙弹性理论和水文地质学原理为基础,给出井水位波动与含水层介质体应变变化关系的数学表达式,结合固体潮理论分析了井—含水层系统水位潮汐波动对体应变固体潮的响应特征,用水位潮汐波来反演含水层体应变的变化,将反演结果与体应变实测资料得到的结果进行对比,发现二者有较好的一致性,说明用水位潮汐波来反演含水层体应变的方法是可行的,它为了解含水层的水文地质特性、体应变的变化及探索地震前兆提供了借鉴。     

Surface current variability in the Keum River Estuary (South Korea) during summer 2002 as observed by high-frequency radar and coastal monitoring buoy

High-frequency (HF) radar observations of surface currents were conducted for 3 months during summer 2002 in the Keum River estuary. A comparison between HF radar-derived currents and directly measured ones form a buoy showed that the regression slope is close to 1 and the correlation coefficient greater than 0.86, with an RMS difference less than 13 cm/s which is less than 17% of the tidal current. This fairly good agreement allows us to use HF radar observation in investigating the surface flow and circulation in this tidal-current-dominant coastal-plume area. To examine the spatial variation in tidal current characteristics, as well as currents associated with non-tidal forcing, the HF radar-derived currents were separated into tidal and sub-tidal frequency currents. The overall pattern of M₂-current ellipse distribution in the study area showed a counterclockwise rotation, with the offshore maximum current direction to the northeast. Eccentricity, the direction of maximum current, and the phase of net motion of the ellipse changed near the estuary mouth and near the gap of the Saemangeum reclamation tide dyke due to the complex coastal geometry and the out-flowing jet during the ebb period.     

Phases Representing Source Lengths of Tsunami in Tide Gauge Records

We identified a phase representing the source length of tsunami's in the tide gauge records around Japan. This phase was observed at tide stations, located in the direction of the long axis of the sources, for four large tsunamis: 1964 Niigata, 1968 Tokachi-oki, 1983 Nihonkaichubu, and 1993 Hokkaido-nanseioki. The phase consists of two continuous crests starting as the initial arrival and has a time length of 15–47 minutes. This is the time required to propagate across the source area along the long axis. Strong evidence that the phase is generated at the source is the good correlation between waveform observed at one side and time-inversed waveform at another side. The correlation results from the instantaneous generation of the source. The source lengths of 74–254 km were obtained under an assumption of sea depths at the sources and verified to coincide with ones within a relative error of 15% that were previously obtained by other methods.     

双重介质含水层中井水位潮汐相位滞后现象的理论分析

简略地介绍了双重介质含水层模型；推导出引潮力作用下双重介质含水层中渗流运动的偏微分方程；将此泛定的方程与潜水的Boulton方程进行数学类比，从而得出一个新的迟后给水项，为解释固体潮致井水位振荡相位滞后现象奠定了物理基础；通过对该泛定方程的分析，还发现该迟后给水项与深部含水层中存在的一种潮汐液流振荡现象有关．      

随州-信阳ML4.2地震前定点形变异常特征

分析了2000年1月28日随州和信阳交界处发生的ML4．2地震前，信阳地震台（△＝35km)定点形变中短期及临震异常特征。分析研究表明：该次地震前信阳台目视水管倾斜仪EW向测值从1999年6开始出现反向变化，NS向测值从1999年3月开始出现加速变化；水平摆倾余仪EW向和NS向测值分别从1999年2月和1999年6月开始出现反向变化。这些异常于2000年下半年结束。震前3天水管倾斜仪EW向测值出现加速变化；震前5－8天NS向测值除了出现加速变化外，还出现突跳。城前约20天，水平摆倾斜仪2个方向测值构出现了准周期性波动变化。另外，形变固体潮潮汐因子也有明显异常。