全文获取类型
收费全文 | 885篇 |
免费 | 145篇 |
国内免费 | 194篇 |
专业分类
测绘学 | 6篇 |
大气科学 | 120篇 |
地球物理 | 304篇 |
地质学 | 265篇 |
海洋学 | 411篇 |
综合类 | 61篇 |
自然地理 | 57篇 |
出版年
2024年 | 4篇 |
2023年 | 16篇 |
2022年 | 31篇 |
2021年 | 43篇 |
2020年 | 42篇 |
2019年 | 49篇 |
2018年 | 40篇 |
2017年 | 37篇 |
2016年 | 41篇 |
2015年 | 37篇 |
2014年 | 48篇 |
2013年 | 76篇 |
2012年 | 48篇 |
2011年 | 82篇 |
2010年 | 28篇 |
2009年 | 62篇 |
2008年 | 48篇 |
2007年 | 57篇 |
2006年 | 55篇 |
2005年 | 40篇 |
2004年 | 49篇 |
2003年 | 36篇 |
2002年 | 33篇 |
2001年 | 34篇 |
2000年 | 32篇 |
1999年 | 26篇 |
1998年 | 15篇 |
1997年 | 13篇 |
1996年 | 20篇 |
1995年 | 13篇 |
1994年 | 11篇 |
1993年 | 12篇 |
1992年 | 10篇 |
1991年 | 8篇 |
1990年 | 2篇 |
1989年 | 1篇 |
1988年 | 3篇 |
1987年 | 2篇 |
1986年 | 2篇 |
1985年 | 6篇 |
1984年 | 4篇 |
1983年 | 3篇 |
1982年 | 2篇 |
1981年 | 1篇 |
1978年 | 1篇 |
1976年 | 1篇 |
排序方式: 共有1224条查询结果,搜索用时 171 毫秒
171.
172.
Samia Khadhar Ammar Mlayah Anis Chekirben Abdelkrim Charef Malika Methammam Shabou Nouha 《水文科学杂志》2013,58(8):1803-1812
RésuméL’Oued El Bey, qui draine 60% de la charge polluante hydrique de plusieurs agglomérations urbaines du Nord-Est de la Tunisie, est un exemple représentatif du transfert des métaux lourds résultant de l’activité industrielle et urbaine. Il fournit une indication sur le devenir et la répartition des métaux lourds dans le Golfe de Tunis. Dans la fraction dissoute, Cd, Pb, Co et Hg ne sont pas détectés mais Zn varie entre 0,01 et 0,07 μg/L. Les concentrations du Mn, Zn, As, Ni, Pb, Cu et du Cd sont très élevées dans la fraction particulaire par rapport à la fraction dissoute, avec un coefficient de partage Kd de l’ordre de 106, ainsi que dans les sédiments du lit de l’oued pour Pb et Zn. La pollution par les métaux la plus élevé de l’Oued El Bey a été trouvée pour Zn, Pb et Cu: les concentrations variaient respectivement entre 1698,9 et 14575, de 0 à 2153,7 et de 0 à 3431,8 μg/g. La variation spatiale des teneurs en métaux lourds confirme l’effet des eaux usées rejetées dans l’Oued El Bey. Les teneurs de ces métaux lourds dans les trois phases dissoute, particulaire (MES) et sédiments confirment que la MES constitue le vecteur de transport principal via la Sebkha Soliman vers le golfe. L’examen des rapports des différents éléments (Pb, Cu et Cd) par rapport au Zn dans les sédiments de l’oued montre une augmentation au niveau de la confluence de l’Oued El Bey et de son affluent l’Oued El Meleh, ce qui signifie que les apports sédimentaires de cet affluent contrôlent la signatutue chimique des sédiments de l’Oued El Bey.Editeur Z.W. Kundzewicz; Editeur associé B. TouaibiaCitation Khadhar, S., Mlayah, A., Chekirben, A., Charef, A., Methammam, M., Nouha, S., et Khemais, Z., 2013. Bassin versant Oued El Bey: vecteur de transport de la pollution métallique vers le Golfe de Tunis (Tunisie). Hydrological Sciences Journal, 58 (8), 1803–1812. 相似文献
173.
The lignite coal researched by this study was subjected to a two‐stage activation process performed in the scope of obtaining active carbon from domestic resources. “Activation” and “carbonization” stages were used in the experiments. The modified lignite was produced by impregnating lignite with KOH and washing the activation product with 15% HCl solution after thermal treatment. Increasing KOH dosage also increased the removal efficiency. The variables investigated in adsorption experiments were contact time, initial concentration, pH, and sorbent dosage. Adsorption kinetics was fitted by using the pseudo‐first‐order equation, pseudo‐second‐order equation, and intra‐particle diffusion. Isotherm modeling was carried out using Langmuir, Freundlich, and Dubinin–Radushkevich equations. Selected target compound in this work is common environmental pollutant in waters. A commonly known effect of chloroform is its carcinogenic effect. Therefore, removal of these compounds from water is considerably important. Chloroform removal of 97% for was achieved by the use of Konya region activated lignite. 相似文献
174.
175.
土壤溶解性有机质对植物吸收-输送-贮存重金属的影响研究现状与进展 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
土壤溶解性有机质对重金属生物地球化学循环中的生物可利用性起着重要作用。近年来,在土壤溶解性有机质对植物吸收、输送和贮存重金属过程的影响研究领域,国际上主要聚焦于以下三个探索方向:①土壤溶解性有机质与重金属形成配位体,改变重金属在土壤中的迁移性和植物根际环境的作用机理研究;②土壤溶解性有机质可突破植物细胞内重金属吸附点位的限制,通过控制植物细胞壁-重金属复合体的形态及重金属在细胞壁内外的吸收平衡,来干预重金属穿过细胞壁进入植物体的动力学过程研究;③土壤溶解性有机质-重金属的络合形态影响重金属在植物体内的输送和贮存作用过程与机理研究。本文基于研究溶解性有机质和重金属的植物过程中,水体溶解性有机质研究多而土壤溶解性有机质研究少的现状,针对溶解性有机质异质性的研究难点和溶解性有机质与植物亚细胞结构的配位特征的复杂性与局限性,从极性、官能团、配位结构等角度,分析并评述了土壤溶解性有机质和重金属生物地球化学中,植物吸收、输送和贮存重金属过程的研究现状和未来发展趋势。 相似文献
176.
Microplastics as contaminants in the marine environment: a review 总被引:15,自引:0,他引:15
Since the mass production of plastics began in the 1940s, microplastic contamination of the marine environment has been a growing problem. Here, a review of the literature has been conducted with the following objectives: (1) to summarise the properties, nomenclature and sources of microplastics; (2) to discuss the routes by which microplastics enter the marine environment; (3) to evaluate the methods by which microplastics are detected in the marine environment; (4) to assess spatial and temporal trends of microplastic abundance; and (5) to discuss the environmental impact of microplastics. Microplastics are both abundant and widespread within the marine environment, found in their highest concentrations along coastlines and within mid-ocean gyres. Ingestion of microplastics has been demonstrated in a range of marine organisms, a process which may facilitate the transfer of chemical additives or hydrophobic waterborne pollutants to biota. We conclude by highlighting key future research areas for scientists and policymakers. 相似文献
177.
In this study, a methodology for clustering 18 lakes in Alberta, Canada using the data of 19 water quality parameters for a period of 11 years (1988–2002) is presented. The methods consist of (i) principal component analysis (PCA) to determine the dominant water quality parameters, (ii) cluster analysis techniques to develop the characteristics of the clusters, and (iii) pattern‐match lakes to determine the appropriate cluster for each of the lakes. The PCA revealed that three principal components (PCs) were able to explain ~88% of the variability and the dominant water quality parameters were total dissolved solids, total phosphorus, and chlorophyll‐a. We obtained five clusters for the period 1994–1997 by using the dominant parameters with water quality deteriorating as the cluster number increased from 1 to 5. Upon matching cluster patterns with the entire dataset, it was observed that some of the lakes belonged to the same cluster all the time (e.g., cluster 1 for lakes Elkwater, Gregg, and Jarvis; cluster 3 for Sturgeon; cluster 4 for Moonshine; and cluster 5 for Saskatoon), while others changed with time. This methodology could be applied in other regions of the world to identify the most suitable source waters and prioritize their management. It could be helpful to analyze the natural controlling processes, pollution types, impact of seasonal changes and overall quality of source waters. This methodology could be used for monitoring water bodies in a cost effective and efficient way by sampling only less number of dominant parameters instead of using a large set of parameters. 相似文献
178.
运用Mapsis软件前兆异常分析中的差分和从属函数,对新04号泉溶解气CO2进行异常识别,结果认为:①差分和从属函数异常形态均为高值异常;②差分异常对近场中强震和远场强震的映震率均为71.4%(5/7);从属函数异常对近场中强震的映震率为66.7%,而对远场强震的映震率为83.3%(5/6);两者均出现异常时,对近场中... 相似文献
179.
AKIHIRO KANO YOKO KUNIMITSU TETSUHIRO TOGO CHIDURU TAKASHIMA FUMITO SHIRAISHI WEI WANG 《Island Arc》2011,20(2):280-293
Oxygenation of the ocean is presumed to be an important factor stimulating the evolution of multicellular animals. The appearance of the Ediacaran‐type biota (ca 575 Ma) was assigned to the aftermath of the Gaskiers glaciation (ca 580 Ma), when substantial oceanic oxygenation is believed to have started. However, several lines of evidence reveal that at least sponges evolved before this oxygenation. For understanding the first stage of animal evolution, we propose the hypothesis that Dissolved Organic Carbon (DOC) Stimulated the evolution for Animal Multicellularity (DOXAM). Recent geochemical studies of the Ediacaran sedimentary sequences have indicated that a substantial DOC mass was developed in the stratified ocean after the Marinoan glaciation (655–635 Ma), and this was supported by the inorganic and organic carbon isotope profiles of the Doushantuo Formation in South China. The DOC mass was an oxygen consumer in the water column; however, it could have provided a food source for filter‐feeding animals such as sponges and cnidarians, and established a primitive food‐web. Such an ecological structure is recognized in modern deep‐sea coral mounds. Results from the integrated ocean drilling program (IODP) Expedition 307 for a mound in northeastern Atlantic suggested that organic carbon suspended around the density boundary in the water column is the key feature to feed the heterotrophic deep‐sea coral community. Our hypothesis is consistent with the fact that the two most primitive animal phyla (Porifera and Cnidaria) are filter feeders. The evolution of filter feeding ecosystems removed the DOC mass and may have contributed to ocean oxygenation in the terminal Neoproterozoic when animal evolution passed into the second stage, with the appearance of bilaterians. 相似文献
180.