阿尔金断裂带对青藏高原北部生长、隆升的制约

大量的同位素年代学证据表明(古)阿尔金断裂带可能形成于三叠纪,后又经历了侏罗纪、白垩纪的强烈左旋走滑活动,自印度板块与欧亚大陆碰撞后阿尔金断裂再次活动。主要的走滑活动发生在:(1)245~220Ma;(2)180~140Ma;(3)120~100Ma;(4)90~80Ma;(5)60~45Ma;(6)渐新世至中新世;(7)上新世至更新世以及(8)全新世。沿阿尔金断裂带,伴随左旋走滑活动形成一系列的逆冲断裂和正断裂,反映走滑过程中伴随隆升作用的存在,并且形成自北向南包括祁连山、大雪山、党河南山、柴北缘山、祁漫塔格山和昆仑山,表明阿尔金断裂带制约着青藏高原北部的生长和隆升。阿尔金断裂带东、西两端的白垩纪和新生代火山活动是断裂走滑活动的响应。     

广西扶贫开发与城乡协调发展战略探讨

广西石漠化地区人口-资源-环境-发展的矛盾非常突出。2002年,广西农村贫困人口仍有95．6万人,城乡居民收入差异、人均消费支出差异分别为3.43和3．37倍,明显高于同期全国的平均水平,因而是我国贫困人口集中、城乡差距问题突出的区域之一。在分析广西农村贫困化基本状况、发生成因基础上,梳理了近10多年来广西实施就地开发、对口帮扶、异地安置和小额信贷等主要的扶贫开发成功模式,进一步指出新形势下加快扶贫开发和统筹城乡协调发展的必要性,以及促进农村扶贫开发和城乡协调发展的可行战略。     

基于性能的抗震设计方法在剪力墙结构中的应用

本文对基于性能的抗震设计方法中最具有代表性的直接基于位移的设计方法在剪力墙结构中的应用进行了研究。采用结构非线性分析程序探讨了墙厚、混凝土强度等级、纵筋配筋率、钢筋级别、轴压比、墙长等因素对单肢剪力墙屈服位移的影响,从而对现有的屈服曲率计算公式进行了改进。另外将按顶点荷载作用下的屈服位移计算公式求出的屈服位移与实际倒三角形荷载作用下的剪力墙屈服位移进行了比较,,从而推导出倒三角形荷载作用下的屈服位移计算公式。     

基于能量原理的钢筋混凝土简体结构抗震性能研究

本文通过能量法研究了钢筋混凝土简体结构的抗震性能。文中采用振型分解法按等效单自由度体系求解简体结构的滞回输入能;用pushover法分析了滞回耗能在结构层间的分布规律及结构自身的耗能能力;根据楼层滞回耗能与弹塑性层间位移的关系求出了薄弱层的弹塑性位移。对一高层钢筋混凝土框架-简体结构在7度罕遇地震下的抗震性能进行了评估,通过与非线性动力时程分析的对比,证明了方法的可行性。     

Parametric study on performance of bridge retrofitted by unseating prevention devices

1 Introduction Structural retro?t techniques (Roberts, 2005), such as restrainers, concrete shear keys, steel jackets, CFRPshells, base isolators, or dampers have been widely studied and implemented in actual structures based on the experiences learned from past earthquakes. In the Chi-Chi earthquake (EERI, 2001), the damage to simply-supported PCI girder bridges provided a different view from which to examine the function of a rubber bearing system for simply- supported bridges (NCREE,…     

黄土山区煤层群分层开采地表位移规律分析

为了研究黄土山区地形对煤层群开采地表位移的影响,以榆林某矿为地质原型,利用数值软件模拟地表为近水平、正坡、负坡、凸面和凹面五种地形条件下煤层群开采。结果表明:黄土山区地形的变化,对煤层群开采顶板垂直应力影响不明显,对地表位移影响较大;单向坡开采,斜坡滑移引起的下沉量在坡顶与开采沉陷量形成“叠加”,在坡底形成“抵消”;在组合坡中,煤层群开采地表位移量相差很大,说明在变坡点附近地表位移较为复杂。     

中国地震滑坡危险性评估及其对国土空间规划的影响研究

中国是世界上地震滑坡灾害最为严重的国家之一.考虑地质构造、地形地貌、地层岩性、河流、地震动参数等6类影响因素,针对50年超越概率10％的抗震设防水准,分别开展了基于信息量模型和Newmark模型的地震滑坡危险性评估.基于最不利原则对两项结果进行地震滑坡危险性综合分区,揭示了中国地震滑坡高危险区集中在南北构造带、青藏高原...     

青藏铁路填土路基热-力耦合离散元研究

多年冻土是含有冰的特殊土体,在自然环境变化及工程扰动下易发生冻胀融沉变形,严重威胁着青藏高原工程建筑物的安全稳定,特别对青藏铁路的畅通运营提出了严峻挑战.以青藏铁路五道梁地区路基断面为研究对象,采用颗粒离散单元法,通过建立热-力离散元计算模型,对路基的温度场和变形进行了计算和预测.结果表明:离散单元法克服了有限元方法无...     

陈国达的科学哲学思想与理论自主创新

对我国著名地质学家陈国达院士的科学哲学思想作了探讨,其主要内容有:历史动力法是复杂性哲学思想与地质科学思想相结合的产物;递进思想是辩证否定观在大地构造理论发展中的胜利;地洼学说的理论结构与发展纲领是与拉卡托斯科学哲学思想不谋而合的。研究陈国达科学哲学思想对指导科学研究无疑具有重大的理论意义和现实意义。     

Political ecology of tiger conservation in India: Adverse effects of banning customary practices in a protected area

Protected areas have had significant impacts on local communities primarily through the physical removal of people. In some instances, people continue to live within protected areas due to the inability of the state to evict them. The restrictions on livelihoods placed on people living inside protected areas lead to in situ displacement. We show how conservation enclosures in the Biligiri Rangaswamy Temple Tiger Reserve have produced a class of people that the state ‘lets die’ by banning customary practices such as fire use, hunting and harvesting of forest produce. Using longitudinal ethnographic, socio‐economic and ecological data, we demonstrate that conservation policy has alienated indigenous forest dwellers from their agricultural and forest‐land. The outcomes of conservation policy include dispossession through increased crop losses, reduced income from agriculture and forest produce, as well as a forest that is dominated by weeds due to fire suppression. The ban on hunting in particular has increased wildlife densities, which has enabled the state to accumulate revenues through the establishment of wildlife tourism facilities. All in all, centralized protected area governance has changed the relationships among people, forest and the state in a way that has produced adverse effects for both livelihoods and the ecosystem.