An Update on the Fracture Toughness Testing Methods Related to the Cracked Chevron-notched Brazilian Disk (CCNBD) Specimen

This paper reviews the use of the cracked Chevron-notched Brazilian disc (CCNBD) for fracture toughness testing. Theoretical and experimental backgrounds of the method are described. Some issues regarding the current development (i.e., recalibration) of the specimen geometry are presented and discussed. A number of geometries related to the CCNBD proposed recently for fracture toughness testing of rock are then introduced and commented on.     

水力切缝上方TBM滚刀贯入破坏机制模拟研究

为了提高坚硬岩层隧道掘进机（tunnel boring machine, TBM）贯入度和降低滚刀受力,高压水射流辅助TBM滚刀破岩已在工业界初步应用。为了揭示水力切缝滚刀破岩机制,基于水力切缝岩石滚刀贯入试验进行了三维颗粒流模拟,研究了滚刀贯入力和贯入刚度随切缝深度的变化规律,揭示了不同切缝深度滚刀纵横剖面内的裂纹扩展和力链演化过程,分析了拉裂纹和剪裂纹随切缝深度的变化规律,明确了不同切缝岩石滚刀贯入的破坏模式和破坏机制。结果表明,第1次贯入的贯入刚度和贯入力随切缝深度的增加大致呈线性降低,第2次贯入的峰值力和贯入刚度小于第1次。而且,50～80 mm刀间距的变化对峰值贯入力的影响并不显著。随着切缝深度的增加,滚刀下方力链集中区边缘的倾角变大。由此导致破坏倾向于倾斜向下发展,当刀间距增加时,破坏由切缝一侧倾斜破坏向两切缝中间岩脊倾斜破坏转变,研究结果可为TBM滚刀与水射流布置和切缝深度的选取提供一定参考。     

TBM滚刀贯入过程中泥岩破坏特征试验研究

为研究无侧限和有侧限条件下软岩贯入破坏特征,结合声发射检测技术和电镜扫描试验进行泥岩立方体试样常截面滚刀贯入试验,分析试验过程中荷载-贯入度曲线和声发射参数特征,并对岩石渣块断口进行细观电镜扫描,研究了破坏时细观和宏观裂纹形成过程。试验结果表明,（1）无侧限和有侧限贯入试验中荷载-贯入度曲线在跃进荷载处均出现明显峰值,跃进荷载峰值以后无侧限试样完全破坏,有侧限试样尚未完全破坏;（2）当宏观裂纹产生时无侧限试样声发射参数出现明显峰值,主要源于该宏观裂纹在试样内部的扩展。有侧限试样破坏过程中出现多次声发射参数峰值,对应多条宏观裂纹形成和扩展;（3）常截面滚刀贯入过程中试样内部出现微滑动,剪切破坏现象比较明显,可以认为滚刀贯入过程中泥岩破坏模式以剪切破坏为主。     

Effects of magnetic coupling on radiation from accretion disc around a Kerr black hole

The effects of magnetic coupling (MC) process on the inner edge of the disc are discussed in detail. It is shown that the inner edge can deviate from the innermost stable circular orbit (ISCO) due to the magnetic transfer of energy and angular momentum between a Kerr black hole (BH) and its surrounding accretion disc. It turns out that the inner edge could move inwards and outwards for the BH spin a _* being greater and less than 0.3594, respectively. The MC effects on disc radiation are discussed based on the displaced inner edge. A very steep emissivity can be provided by the MC process, which is consistent with the observation of MCG-6-30-15. In addition, the BH spins of GRO J1655−40 and GRS 1915+105 are detected by X-ray continuum fitting based on this model.     

用5种圆盘试件的劈裂试验确定岩石断裂韧度

用5种不同形状的圆盘试件测定了大理岩张开型断裂韧度。5种圆盘试件分别为平台巴西圆盘、带有中心圆孔的平台巴西圆盘、人字型切槽巴西圆盘、直切槽巴西圆盘和圆孔切槽平台巴西圆盘。加载模式是对径压缩劈裂。介绍了试件的制作方法,提出了用每种圆盘确定断裂韧度的公式。结果表明,含有切槽圆盘的断裂韧度值在0.78～0.91 MPa•m1/2之间,不含切槽圆盘测得的值在1.01～1.04 MPa•m1/2之间。有3种含有切槽圆盘测得的断裂韧度值比较稳定,其中孔槽式平台巴西圆盘能够制作理想的宽度较小的切槽。     

动载确定方法对岩石动态断裂韧度测试的影响

为了考察不同方法确定的动态载荷对测试岩石动态断裂韧度的影响,在SHPB压杆系统上动态冲击直径80 mm的大理岩圆孔裂缝平台巴西圆盘,获得了弹性压杆上的应力波形,间接计算得到3种不同的作用在圆盘端部的动态载荷。将载荷输入ANSYS动态有限元模型中,求得了相应的动态应力强度因子,并根据试验-数值分析方法确定了岩石的动态断裂韧度测试值。结果表明,在加载速率约为4.0×104 MPa•m1/2/s的条件下,采用三波法确定的大理岩的平均动态断裂韧度为 3.92 MPa•m1/2,采用一波法比三波法计算的结果偏低11.22%,采用二波法比三波法计算的结果偏高20.15%,3种方法得到的结果差异较大。应力波在传播过程中,通过圆盘表面和预制裂缝面发生散射,部分能量不断发生释放是造成圆盘试件两端加载载荷不相等的主要原因。三波法是3种方法中比较理想的动态载荷确定方法,但需要考察试件的动态应力平衡性。     

单向摆喷注浆加固地基技术

高压摆喷注浆是在高压旋喷、定喷注浆的基础上发展起来的一项新技术。通过调研、实验室试验和现场试验，提出了单向摆喷注浆中一些喷射多数和新的观点。采用上述试验与研究分析的一些喷射参数，应用到大同矿务局一扇风机房基础加固工程实践中，达到了预期的加固基础的良好效果。     

A Method for Testing Dynamic Tensile Strength and Elastic Modulus of Rock Materials Using SHPB

An experimental procedure for testing dynamic tensile strength and elastic modulus of rock materials at high strain rate loading is presented in this paper. In our test the split Hopkinson pressure bar (SHPB) was used to diametrally impact the Brazilian disc (BD) and flattened Brazilian disc (FBD) specimens of marble. A tensile strain rate of about 45 1/s was achieved at the center of the specimen. In order to improve the accuracy of the analysis, the initiation time difference between the strain waves acting on the two flat ends of the FBD specimen was treated properly. Typical failure modes corresponding to different loading conditions were observed. It was verified with a finite-element simulation that the equilibrium condition was established in the specimen before its failure. This numerical simulation validates the experimental procedure and also proves the suitability of formulation for the basic equations.