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991.
Li‐Juan Du Bo Li Zhi‐Long Huang Jun Chen Jia‐Xi Zhou Guo‐Fu Zou Zai‐Fei Yan 《Resource Geology》2020,70(1):28-49
The Yangla deposit is an intrusion‐related Cu deposit in the Jinshajiang tectonic belt (eastern Sanjiang region, SW China). Despite extensive studies that have been conducted on this deposit, the relationship between the granitic magma and Cu mineralization is still unclear, and hence, the genesis is debated. To answer this question, we conducted an integrated study of mineralogy, fluid inclusions (FIs), and hydrogen and oxygen (H‐O) isotopes. Three mineralization stages were identified based on the ore textures, alteration zonation, and crosscutting relationships: (i) pre‐ore prograde skarn (stage I), with the garnet and pyroxene dominated by andradite and diopside, respectively; (ii) syn‐ore retrograde alteration (stage II), which is subdivided into the early syn‐ore stage (stage IIa) marked by retrograde hydrated mineral assemblages and significant Fe‐Cu‐Mo‐Pb‐Zn sulfide mineralization, and the late syn‐ore stage (stage IIb) featured by quartz‐calcite veins; and (iii) late supergene mineralization (stage III), which is characterized by secondary azurite and malachite. These results of mineralogy, FIs, and H‐O isotopes indicate that: (i) Cu mineralization has a close temporal, spatial, and genetic relationship with skarn alteration; (ii) the ore fluids were magmatic dominated with late‐stage meteoric water incursion; and (iii) Type‐S (halite‐bearing) and Type‐V (vapor‐rich) FIs coexisted in garnet and clinopyroxene of stage I, indicating that fluid boiling might have occurred during this stage. From stage I to stage IIa, the FI type transformed from Type‐S + Type‐V + Type‐L (liquid‐rich) to Type‐V + Type‐L with the conduct of mineralization and was accompanied by the disappearance of Type‐S, and homogenization temperature and salinity also tended to decrease dramatically, which may be caused by the deposition of skarn minerals. At stage IIa, boiling of the ore fluids still continued due to the change from lithostatic to hydrostatic pressure, which triggered the precipitation of abundant quartz‐Cu‐Mo‐Fe sulfides. Furthermore, fluid mixing between a high‐temperature magmatic fluid and a low‐temperature meteoric water might cause a considerable drop in temperature and the deposition of Cu‐bearing quartz/calcite veins during stage IIb. Hence, we consider the Yangla deposit to be of a skarn type, genetically related to the Mesozoic magmatism in the Sanjiang region. 相似文献
992.
A mathematical formulation of the 2·5D elastodynamic scattering problem is presented and validated. The formulation is a straightforward extension of the Discrete Wave number Boundary Integral Equation Method (DWBIEM) originally proposed by Kawase1 for 2D scattering problems and subsequently extended to the 3D problem by Kim and Papageorgiou.2 It is demonstrated that the Green's function which is appropriate for a boundary formulation of the 2·5D elastodynamic scattering problem is the one corresponding to a unit force moving on a straight line with constant velocity. Such a Green's function is derived in the present study. The formulation may be used to study the wavefields in models of sedimentary deposits (e.g. valleys) or topography (e.g. canyons or ridges) with a 2D variation in structure but obliquely incident plane waves. The advantage of a 2·5D formulation is that it provides the means for calculations of 3D wavefields in scattering problems by requiring a storage comparable to that of the corresponding 2D calculations. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
993.
以钦州市为例,根据1956~2016年月降雨、径流数据,采用双累积曲线(DMC)模型和蒸发差值法计算地表水资源量,采用剔除入海河流感潮河段水量及汛期河道内最小生态水量的改进扣损法和直接法综合分析地表水资源可利用量。结果表明:钦州市地表水资源量在106.573~111.216×10~8m~3范围内,地表水资源可利用量为38.444×10~8m~3,占比地表水资源总量的34.6%。钦州市水量相对丰富,但水资源可利用量并不富裕且时空分布不均。空间上,独流入海河流分区地表水资源可利用量最多,南流江分区次之,郁江干流分区最少;时间上,19条流域汛期水量高达81.949×10~8m~3,其中难以控制利用量为62.272×10~8m~3,有35.823×10~8m~3经入海河流直接外排入海;4.973×10~8m~3为感潮河段咸水难以利用;调水工程的规划与建设为改善河道环境、缓解供需矛盾方面起到积极作用。 相似文献
994.
敞开酸溶和偏硼酸锂碱熔ICP-MS法测定多金属矿中的稀土元素及铌钽锆铪 总被引:2,自引:2,他引:0
用电感耦合等离子体质谱法(ICP-MS)测定地质样品中的稀土及难熔元素,混合酸敞开酸溶法和碱熔融法是两种主要的溶样方法。但地质样品组分复杂,元素之间存在相互共生的现象,对于特殊元素、特殊样品用传统酸溶法会造成部分元素消解不完全,使测定结果不准确;而碱熔法的操作过程繁琐,且溶液盐度高,易产生基体干扰和堵塞仪器进样系统。本文改进了传统四酸和五酸体系,采用氢氟酸-硝酸-硫酸敞开酸溶体系,用国家一级标准物质制作标准曲线测定15种稀土元素,方法准确度(ΔlgC)为0.001~0.027。同时改进了偏硼酸锂碱熔法,样品用偏硼酸锂碱熔提取,加入氢氧化钠调节溶液至碱性条件,所测元素与偏硼酸锂共沉淀后过滤分离熔剂,再用硝酸复溶测定15种稀土元素及铌钽锆铪。两种溶样方法的测定值与认定值的相对误差为1.09%~9.30%。将混合酸敞开酸溶法测定稀土元素、偏硼酸锂碱熔法测定铌钽锆铪的结果与其他实验室密闭酸溶法相比,两组数据的相对偏差为0.13%~15.32%。本实验表明,混合酸敞开酸溶法适用于测定地质样品中的稀土元素,偏硼酸锂碱熔法不仅适用于测定地质样品中的稀土元素及铌钽锆铪,也适用于测定如古老高压变质岩石及铝含量高的样品中的铌钽锆铪。 相似文献
995.
Aggtelek National Park, Hungary, is a limestone karst upland characterized by karren, dolines and river caves. For a period of two years, climatic and carbonate dissolution variables were monitored at four depths in a 7·5 m shaft through the soil fill in the floor of a typical large (150 m diameter) doline. Results are compared to other monitoring stations in the shallow soils on side slopes. Runoff and groundwater flow are focused into the base of the doline soil fill, where moisture is maintained at 70–90 per cent field capacity and temperatures permit year-round production of soil CO2. The capacity to dissolve calcite (limestone) ranges from c. 3 g m−2 per year beneath thin soils on the driest slopes to 17–30 g m−2 per year in the top 1–2 m of doline fill and at its base 5–7 m below. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
996.
Recent understanding of chemical weathering in glacierized catchments has been focused on mid-latitude, Alpine catchments; comparable studies from the high latitudes are currently lacking. This paper attempts to address this deficiency by examining solute provenance, transport and denudation in a glacierized catchment at 78°N in the Svalbard High Arctic archipelago. Representative samples of snow, glacier ice, winter proglacial icing and glacier meltwater were obtained from the catchment during spring and summer 1993 and analysed for major ion chemistry. Seasonal variations in the composition of glacier meltwater occur and are influenced by proglacial solute acquisition from the icing at the very start of the melt season, and subsequently by a period of discharge of concentrated snowmelt caused by snowpack elution; weathering within the ice-marginal channels that drain the glacier, particularly carbonation reactions, continues to furnish solute to meltwater when suspended sediment concentrations increase later in the melt season. Partitioning the solute flux into its various components (sea-salt, crustal, aerosol and atmospheric sources) shows that c. 25% of the total flux is sea salt derived, consistent with the maritime location of the glacier, and c. 71% is crustally derived. Estimated chemical denudation, 160 meq m−2 a−1 sea salt-corrected cation equivalent weathering rate, is somewhat low compared with other studied glacierized catchments (estimates in the range 450–1000 meq m−2 a−1), which is probably attributable to the relatively short melt season and low specific runoff in the High Arctic. A positive relationship was identified between discharge and CO2 drawdown owing to carbonation reactions in turbid meltwater. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
997.
998.
近海水产养殖为人类提供优质的动物蛋白,对海洋经济高质量发展具有重要意义。卫星遥感技术已被广泛用于海岸带水产养殖的监测,但目前相关的研究聚焦基于单一传感器卫星数据并使用单一信息提取算法而忽略与不同卫星传感器以及处理方法之间的比较。本研究以北莉岛东北部为研究区,基于多光谱Sentinel 2A卫星和高分一号B(GF 1B)卫星数据,分别使用自适应阈值法、支持向量机监督分类法以及多尺度分割面向对象分类法,开展海岸带人工水产养殖区的识别。研究表明,更高空间分辨率的GF 1B卫星对人工水产养殖水网密集区的提取正确率远优于Sentinel 2A卫星;基于高空间分辨率GF 1B卫星,多尺度分割面向对象分类法的正确率最高,为94.65%,优于支持向量机监督分类法的94.45%和自适应阈值法的84.62%;自适应阈值法更适用于中等空间分辨率卫星数据的水产养殖信息提取,其提取的水产养殖水面的面积与目视解译提取的面积差异小于4%。针对单个养殖池使用情况的业务化监测需使用高空间分辨率卫星数据,而大范围水产养殖面积的变化分析则可应用中等空间分辨率卫星数据。 相似文献
999.
1000.
In many finite element platforms, a classical global damping matrix based on the elastic stiffness of the system (including isolators) is usually developed as part of the solution to the equations of motion of base-isolated buildings. The conducted analytical and numerical investigations illustrate that this approach can lead to the introduction of unintended damping to the first and higher vibration modes and the spurious suppression of the respective structural responses. A similar shortcoming might be observed even when a nonclassical damping model (ie, an assembly of the superstructure and isolation system damping sub-matrices) is used. For example, the use of Rayleigh damping approach to develop the superstructure damping sub-matrix can lead to the undesired addition of damping to the isolated mode arising from the mass-proportional component of the superstructure damping. On the other hand, the improper use of nonclassical stiffness-proportional damping (eg, determining the proportional damping coefficient, βk , based on the first mode) can result in assigning significant damping to the higher-modes and the unintended mitigation of the higher-mode responses. Results show that a nonclassical stiffness-proportional model in which βk is determined based on the second modal period of a base-isolated building can reasonably specify the intended damping to the higher modes without imparting undesirable damping to the first mode. The nonclassical stiffness-proportional damping can be introduced to the numerical model through explicit viscous damper elements attached between adjacent floors. In structural analysis software such as SAP2000®, the desired nonclassical damping can be also modeled through specifying damping solely to the superstructure material. 相似文献