白云凹陷第三系储层中铁白云石的成因机理及与CO2活动的关系

白云凹陷第三系储层中发育大量的铁白云石,受研究区热流背景的影响,铁白云石主要见于高地温梯度地区埋深1000～3000m、地层温度60～130℃的浅—中部地层中及CO_2热流体活动区域。铁白云石的δ~(13)C值(-2.83‰～-1.83‰)具有无机成因的特征,与研究区气藏中幔源岩浆成因CO_2的δ~(13)C值较为一致,铁白云石的δ~(18)O值(-9.45‰～-5.37‰)和~(87)Sr/~(86)Sr值(0.7101～0.7161)也反映了其沉淀受到深部热流体活动的影响。以两口典型CO_2气井为例,储层中流体包裹体均一温度及蒙脱石向伊利石的演化特征证明储层经历了热流体侵入;CO_2热流体活动区域不仅是铁白云石集中分布地带,并出现片钠铝石+铁白云石+菱铁矿等示踪CO_2运移、聚集的自生矿物组合。地层中铁白云石、高岭石含量与气藏中CO_2的含量呈正相关关系,绿泥石含量与CO_2、铁白云石含量呈反消长关系。高地温梯度地区丰富的CO_2热流体活动是该地区储层中铁白云石沉淀与含量高的重要原因,无机岩浆成因CO_2是铁白云石沉淀的主要碳源,CO_2热流体充注造成绿泥石等黏土矿物异常转化,为铁白云石沉淀提供了所需的Fe~(2+)、Mg~(2+)离子。     

Mineralogy and geochemistry of marine glauconitic siliciclasts and phosphates in selected Cenomanian–Turonian units,Bohemian Cretaceous Basin,Czech Republic: Implications for provenance and depositional environment

Glauconitic siliciclastic rocks and phosphate components from the Pecínov Member of the Peruc–Korycany Formation (Upper Cenomanian), the lower part of the Bílá Hora Formation (Lower Turonian) and the lower part of the Teplice Formation (Upper Turonian) are studied. Geochemical indices suggest that the siliciclasts were derived from the weathering and recycling products of variable rock types of the Bohemian Massif, with a pronounced signature of felsic-derived source lithologies and a minor contribution from the sources of a chemically intermediate nature. Geochemical and mineralogical criteria suggest that the climate in the mid-Cretaceous was generally humid with possible intermittent arid episodes, which resulted in a long-term weathering of source rocks and the development of residual clay minerals in the source area. Several geochemical indications point toward highly reducing marine conditions during deposition of the mudstones, which are composed of quartz, glauconite, kaolinite, smectite, apatite and calcite. The glauconites show a highly mature character with >8 wt. % K₂O and bear evidence of long residence time near the sediment–water interface. They are depleted in Fe and rich in Al indicating a mixed layer mica–smectite as a precursor. Carbonate-fluorapatite is the only phosphate phase identified in the phosphate components, with up to 8 wt. % CO₃²⁻, excess F⁻ and significant amounts of Na⁺ and SO₄²⁻ in the apatite structure. A short-lived phosphogenic event(s) took place in the latest Cenomanian and involved large areas of the Bohemian Cretaceous Basin in association with the Oceanic Anoxic Event 2. The phosphate nodules were initially precipitated under suboxic conditions around the Cenomanian–Turonian boundary and were later reworked and emplaced in the earliest Turonian units. Phosphate coprolites mark another phosphogenic event in the early Upper Turonian. The development of the phosphate coprolites took place under variable redox conditions; the release of organically-bound phosphate and subsequent phosphatisation of fecal material took place under suboxic environment, followed by reworking in oxic realms.     

The Yamato-type (CY) carbonaceous chondrite group: Analogues for the surface of asteroid Ryugu?

We report new mineralogical, petrographic and noble gas analyses of the carbonaceous chondrite meteorites Y-82162 (C1/2_ung), Y-980115 (CI1), Y-86029 (CI1), Y-86720 (C2_ung), Y-86789 (C2_ung), and B-7904 (C2_ung). Combining our results with literature data we show that these meteorites experienced varying degrees of aqueous alteration followed by short-lived thermal metamorphism at temperatures of >500 °C. These meteorites have similar mineralogy, textures and chemical characteristics suggesting that they are genetically related, and we strongly support the conclusion of Ikeda (1992) that they form a distinct group, the CYs (“Yamato-type”). The CY chondrites have the heaviest oxygen isotopic compositions (δ¹⁷O ˜12‰, δ¹⁸O ˜22‰) of any meteorite group, high abundances of Fe-sulphides (˜10 ‒ 30 vol%) and phosphates, and contain large grains of periclase and unusual objects of secondary minerals not reported in other carbonaceous chondrites. These features cannot be attributed to parent body processes alone, and indicate that the CYs had a different starting mineralogy and/or alteration history to other chondrite groups, perhaps because they formed in a different region of the protoplanetary disk. The short cosmic-ray exposure ages (≤1.3 Ma) of the CY chondrites suggest that they are derived from a near-Earth source, with recent observations by the Hayabusa2 spacecraft highlighting a possible link to the rubble-pile asteroid Ryugu.     

功能性Fe3O4磁纳米粒子的合成

本研究以PNIPAM(聚N-异丙基丙烯酰胺)为单体,先制备出来Fe3O4@SiO2纳米颗粒,再与DMP(十二烷基三硫代碳酸酯)链转移剂进行酯化反应,制备的产物作为新的链转移剂,在偶氮二异丁腈为引发剂的条件下,利用可逆加成-断裂链转移自由基聚合(RAFT)活性聚合法制备温度响应性磁纳米粒子。通过红外光谱法、核磁共振法对聚合物的结构进行表征,谱图表明成功地合成出所需的产物。通过扫描电镜对其进行分析,所得到的Fe3O4@SiO2-PNIPAM聚合物纳米颗粒分布比较均匀。     

井地2.5维DC反演研究

开展了不同观测方式的井地2.5D直流电阻率反演研究。①从2.5维直流电阻率满足的边值问题出发,采用变分原理结合节点线性基函数推导了2.5维井地DC满足的积分弱解形式;②构建了二阶最大平滑稳定泛函的2.5维井地直流电阻率正则化目标函数,采用共轭梯度算法对正则化目标函数进行最优化求解,并采用逐步衰减正则化因子的求解策略来提高反演的稳定性;③设计了均匀半空间模型得到的数值解与解析解对比,电位的相对误差在2%以内,阐述正演算法的正确性和高精度。另外,分析了不同观测装置的2.5维井地直流电阻率异常体特征,并对不同观测方式对2.5维井地DC理论数据进行反演研究。研究结果表明,井中数据的引入提高了2.5DC对纵向探测的分辨率能力,同时提高了2.5DC反演有效性以及准确性。     

水库水体二氧化碳分压研究进展

天然水体中存在同化二氧化碳(CO2)的光合作用,也存在释放CO2的微生物呼吸过程。地球表层水体与大气之间的CO2交换构成全球碳循环的一个重要环节。水-气之间CO2交换的方向和通量主要受大气圈和水体表层CO2分压(pCO2)的制约。水体pCO2值可以通过对近水面气体成分变化过程的现场仪器检测或者根据测定的水体化学参数运用经验公式计算求得。迄今对陆地水体,尤其河流筑坝形成的"蓄水河流"(下称水库)水体CO2动态研究中,由于水域及其近表层大气成分的时空多变,一般采用水化学参数计算方法求得水体的pCO2值。全球约70.97%的水库表层水体pCO2高于大气pCO2。全球尺度上水库表层水体pCO2自热带向寒温带逐渐递减;单个水库水体的pCO2一般呈现"出库>入库>库中"、pCO2随深度而增加的变化规律。水库表层水体pCO2的时间变化一般表现为"冬季>夏季、消融期>冰冻期、黑夜>白天"。水库水体的pCO2是其水化学平衡的结果,受水温、水体pH、水生生物活动以及外来水体的混合等多种因素影响,变化较为复杂。为精确量化水库水-气界面CO2交换通量,水文学、湖沼学、生态学和地球化学等领域的学者有必要合作,共同努力进行水库流域尺度的实地观测,完善水体溶解无机碳计算模型,深入探讨水库水体碳动力学机制,为全球碳循环研究和气候变化预测提供可靠的基础数据。     

临南油田夏32断块沙二段下部储层特征及其主控因素

通过岩芯和薄片观察,结合测井资料,对临南油田夏32断块沙二段下部储层发育特征及其主控因素进行了研究。结果表明：该区储层的岩石类型主要为岩屑质长石砂岩和长石质岩屑砂岩,颗粒分选中等,磨圆较差,成分成熟度及结构成熟度中等;储层物性表现为中低孔特低—低渗的特征,且孔隙度和渗透率相关性较好;孔隙类型包括原生粒间孔、粒内溶孔、粒间溶孔和铸模孔。综合储层特征的研究结果认为：夏32断块沙二段下部储层主要受基准面旋回、沉积、成岩以及构造作用的影响;三角洲平原的分支河道砂体物性最好,其次是三角洲前缘的水下分支河道,其他沉积微相储层物性较差;压实作用和胶结作用破坏储层物性,溶蚀作用则可改善储层物性;此外,构造作用所产生的裂隙也有利于改善储层物性,对储层物性起到了积极的建设作用。     

东准噶尔晚石炭世构造体制转变:来自A2型流纹岩的证据

老爷庙地区位于东准噶尔东部,是中亚造山带的重要组成部分。老爷庙流纹岩与典型A型花岗岩相似,成因类型上属A2型流纹岩,产于后碰撞环境。锆石U-Pb定年显示其形成于（311.6±3.1） Ma,属晚石炭世。综合文中数据及区域地质特征,老爷庙地区在晚石炭世已经拼贴到西伯利亚板块,进入后碰撞向板内转化的过渡期,结束了该区洋陆过渡环境。     

岩石直接剪切试验残余强度浅析

对岩石剪切残余强度进行了浅析,主要以唐山马城铁矿的岩石试验为依据,探讨了岩石剪切峰值强度和残余强度的关系,分析了岩石剪切残余强度的影响因素,为大家了解、利用岩石的剪切残余强度提供了参考意义。     

辽东半岛复州湾剖面寒武系第二统光合作用生物膜建造的核形石

作为一种经常大于鲕粒的包覆颗粒类型,核形石以其不平滑的圈层被解释为微生物成因,区别于成因存在较大争议的鲕粒,而且常与鲕粒和其他类型的碳酸盐颗粒相互共生;作为一种在围绕着生物碎屑和非生物碎屑核心的序列式纹层化作用过程中形成的球形或假球型生物沉积构造,核形石还常常单独产出和分布,所以又被解释为微生物碳酸盐岩,或者被归为球状叠层石。在辽东半岛寒武系第二统碱厂组和馒头组之中,厘米级别大小的核形石密集发育在三级层序的顶部,成为一种时间特化的相。另外,以下重要特征将辽东半岛寒武系第二统的核形石特征化,包括:(1)与凝块和微凝块共生;(2)多为球状和椭球状;(3)由不均一的非纹层状致密泥晶和微亮晶构成;(4)核形石皮层以及核形石间凝块中发育特别的蓝细菌鞘钙化化石等。尽管穿越成岩作用过滤器去解释古代核形石复杂的形成机理存在着巨大的挑战,也尽管形成这些核形石的复杂生物膜钙化作用细节需要更加深入地研究才能得到更好地了解,但是,辽东半岛第二统碱厂组和馒头组核形石中直接的微生物化石证据,尤其是核形石内较为丰富的钙化蓝细菌鞘化石,使其成为一个了解光合作用生物膜建造核形石的典型实例。