页岩气成藏动力特点及其平衡方程

针对页岩气吸附加游离的成藏方式对其成藏动力特点进行了系统分析。与特定的储集物性条件与相应的气源压力相匹配时,页岩气藏中游离气具有与根缘气或常规储层气相似的作用力类型,包括生烃膨胀力、连续气柱顶界静水柱压力、连续气柱底界静水柱压力、连续气柱重力、毛细管压力和动水头压力等,而造成气体分子在有机质颗粒及岩石矿物表面进行吸附与游离相态转换的作用力类型则为吸附作用力和解吸作用力。天然气动力类型存在运移动力与成藏动力的区别,页岩气作为源储一体的聚集模式,其运移动力和成藏动力具有方向相反特点。根据页岩热演化程度、生气强度、构造条件、物性条件等,将页岩气成藏划分为4个阶段,对每一阶段的成藏动力特点进行了系统分析,据此建立了成藏(运移)动力平衡方程,并采用权重系数赋值方法建立了页岩气成藏(运移)动力平衡方程通式。     

青藏高原土壤热交换的计算方案及初步分析

从地温满足的热传导方程出发,导出了计算土壤平均和瞬时热通量的计算方案。该计算方案可同时计算出土壤热通量随时间和随深度的变化。它利用整层的地温信息来计算任一层的热通量,这种方案克服了用差分方案进行直接计算的局限性。然后使用中日亚洲季风观测实验期间的地温自动观测站资料和相应的常规观测资料,计算了青藏高原上土壤热通量及其变化,结果表明,不论是常规观测站还是自动观测站,其结果与青藏高原第一次观测实验所用热流板的直接观测结果是相近的,因而这种计算方案是实用而有效的。     

An integrated approach for modeling solute transport in streams and canals with applications

A new modeling approach for solute transport in streams and canals was developed to simulate solute dissolution, transport, and decay with continuously migrating sources. The new approach can efficiently handle complicated solute source feeding schemes and initial conditions. Incorporating the finite volume method (FVM) and the ULTIMATE QUICKEST numerical scheme, the new approach is capable of predicting fate and transport of solute that is added to small streams or canals, typically in a continuous fashion. The approach was tested successfully using a hypothetical case, and then applied to an actual field experiment, where linear anionic polyacrylamide (LA-PAM) was applied to an earthen canal. The field experiment was simulated first as a fixed boundary problem using measured concentration data as the boundary condition to test model parameters and sensitivities. The approach was then applied to a moving boundary problem, which included subsequent LA-PAM dissolution, settling to the canal bottom and transport with the flowing canal water. Simulation results showed that the modeling approach developed in this study performed satisfactorily and can be used to simulate a variety of transport problems in streams and canals.     

一种层状介质条件下射线的全路径迭代追踪法

从射线在整条路径上满足Fermat原理出发,采用一阶Taylor展开等办法,推出一个适用于任意层状地质结构下近似求解射线路径的对称正定三对角矩阵方程,通过求解该方程并结合迭代技术,从而实现对整条射线路径的全路径迭代计算。模型计算表明,本方法对于任意复杂结构和随机速度分布情况,其计算速度比传统的打靶法快,精度可根据需要预先确定,为复杂结构的地震偏移和层析成像提供了一种有效的射线追踪方法。     

AN ATMOSPHERIC MOTION EQUATION BUILT ON THE CONSERVATIVE RELATIONSHIP OF THE ANGULAR MOMENTUM EXCHANGE BETWEEN THE SOLID EARTH AND THE ATMOSPHERE ON SEASONAL-ANNUAL TIMESCALE

Within the seasonal-annual timeseale,there exists an angular momentum conservative exchange relationship be-tween the solid earth and the atmosphere,and their angular momentum exchange not only can cause variations inlength-of-day(LOD)but also can express anomalies in atmospheric general circulation.Therefore,their angular mo-mentum exchange mechanism should be introduced into the general circulation model.Considering the angular momentum anomalous exchange caused by the air-earth interface friction effect,awhole-layer atmospheric motion equation is derived in this paper including the earth spin anomalous friction forceparameterized by using the change in the earth rotation rate.Through analysing the equation,it shows that the magni-tude of the earth spin anomalous friction force is the same as that of Coriolis force on seasonal-annual timescale.     

东北七鳃鳗和日本七鳃鳗成体形态性状对体质量的影响分析

为研究东北七鳃鳗和日本七鳃鳗形态性状对体质量的影响,测量314尾东北七鳃鳗和302尾日本七鳃鳗成体的体质量(Y)和全长(X_1)、躯干长(X_2)、尾长(X_3)、头长(X_4)、吻长(X_5)、眼径(X_6)、背鳍前长(X_7)、眼后头长(X_8)8个形态性状,运用相关分析、通径分析和回归分析方法,确定影响体质量的主要形态性状,建立体质量和形态性状的多元回归方程。分析结果显示:东北七鳃鳗和日本七鳃鳗体质量服从正态分布,体质量的变异系数最大,全长、躯干长、尾长、头长、吻长、眼径、背鳍前长和眼后头长8个形态性状均与体质量呈正相关(P0.01)。经偏回归系数检验,东北七鳃鳗全长、头长、眼径和眼后头长呈显著性水平(P0.05),其通径系数分别为0.636、0.202、0.060和0.105;日本七鳃鳗全长、吻长和眼后头长呈极显著性水平(P0.01),其通径系数分别为0.730、0.098和0.153。单个性状对体质量的决定系数中,东北七鳃鳗和日本七鳃鳗全长对体质量的决定系数最大。东北七鳃鳗和日本七鳃鳗形态性状的单独决定系数和两个共同决定系数的总和分别为0.855和0.857。建立以东北七鳃鳗全长、头长、眼径和眼后头长4个形态性状为自变量,体质量为因变量的多元回归方程:Y=1.502X_1+2.699X_4+8.554X_6+1.915X_8-41.547;日本七鳃鳗全长、吻长和眼后头长3个形态性状为自变量,体质量为因变量的多元回归方程:Y=4.895X_1+9.688X_5+6.973 X_8-157.460。东北七鳃鳗和日本七鳃鳗成体形态性状对体质量的分析为七鳃鳗优良亲本的人工选育以及其形态学研究提供参考依据。     

五维波动问题的一种解法

介绍解五维波动问题的微分算子级数法,首先引进数性算子概念及微分算子级数法;其次,推导出了求解公式;最后通过求解公式求解了一些五维波动方程的例题,得出任何维数(n≥5)的波动方程柯西问题都可以用微分算子级数法求其解。     

Simulating the spatial diffusion of memes on social media networks

This article reports the findings from simulating the spatial diffusion processes of memes over social media networks by using the approach of agent-based modeling. Different from other studies, this article examines how space and distance affect the diffusion of memes. Simulations were carried out to emulate and to allow assessment of the different levels of efficiency that memes spread spatially and temporally. Analyzed network structures include random networks and preferential attachment networks. Simulated spatial processes for meme diffusion include independent cascade models and linear threshold models. Both simulated and real-world social networks were used in the analysis. Findings indicate that the numbers of information sources and opinion leaders affect the processes of meme diffusion. In addition, geography is still important in the processes of spatial diffusion of memes over social media networks.     

基于高应力下花岗岩卸荷试验的力学变形特性研究

进行了高应力条件下卸围压并增大轴压的花岗岩卸荷试验,描述了卸荷过程中岩石渐进破坏的应力-应变曲线和力学参数损伤劣化规律;分析了能较好反映岩石卸荷强度破坏特征的Mogi-Coulomb准则和强度参数变化规律;建立了岩石由压剪破裂逐渐过渡到张剪破坏的渐进演化体系。在此基础上,通过对岩石卸荷破坏起主要作用的横向变形将压剪Mogi-Coulomb准则和拉剪Mogi-Coulomb准则联系起来,建立了描述岩石卸荷渐进破坏的新强度准则。基于上述的卸荷试验成果,结合描述岩石卸荷渐进破坏的应力-应变曲线,在应变空间中推导了考虑岩石力学变形参数损伤劣化效应、横向变形作用、卸荷渐进破裂演化机制的力学本构方程。     

大气遥感最小二乘反演法最优方程的建立和效果研究

以“使反演误差均方达最小”为准则,用不同的回归方法寻求最优通道组合,建立大气温湿遥感最小二乘反演法最优方程,以避免因自变量过多产生计算病态而造成的回归系数不稳定。通过实例比较最优子集法、前进法、后退法、逐步回归法以及文中提出的单F逐步回归法和定M逐步回归法等各种方法所得方程的回归效果。单F和定M逐步回归法不仅计算简单、意义明确,而且实际效果较好,接近于最优子集法的结果。