动三轴试验固结时间对动剪切模量比和阻尼比影响的初步分析

动三轴试验是将试样在轴对称的三轴应力下进行固结,在不排水条件下进行的振动试验,同时可测定土样的动剪切模量比和阻尼比。土的动剪切模量比和阻尼比是土动力学特性的2个重要参数,在工程场地地震安全性评价工作和土层地震反应分析中不可缺少。为了减少工期,提高工效,及时而又准确地提交报告,我们结合自己多年的土工试验经验,对可塑状态以上的粘性土试样进行了缩短固结时间的对比试验,并得到理想的试验结果。     

新疆中强地震序列特征参数与主震震级的统计关系

系统分析了1970~2007年间新疆境内70个5级以上地震序列的余震持续时间和余震区长轴与主震震级的统计关系,以及主震破裂方式对余震时空特征参数的影响。研究结果表明,新疆及分区地震带余震持续时间和余震区长轴分别与主震震级弱相关,主震震级较低时两者关系离散,震级较高时则呈线性增强。不同的地震带这种线性关系存在差异,对于相同的主震震级,天山地震带余震持续时间一般大于西昆仑地震带,而余震区长轴前者小于后者。新疆地区主震破裂方式对余震的持续时间影响不大,但对余震区长轴影响较大,走滑型主震余震区长轴一般大于逆断型地震。     

边坡地震稳定性分析探讨

传统的拟静力法和安全系数时程分析法在评价边坡地震稳定性时存在一定的局限性。在提出准确的评价边坡地震稳定性必需因素的基础上,建议对边坡地震稳定性分析方法重新进行分类。根据动力分析得到的边坡在地震作用下的破坏机制和破裂面的性质和位置,提出基于拉-剪破坏的动力时程分析法和强度折减动力分析法。第一种方法将FLAC计算得到破坏时刻的动应力施加到静力情况下边坡上,采用动力分析得到的拉-剪破裂面,结合极限平衡法求解边坡地震安全系数,是一种改进的动力有限元时程分析法;第二种方法考虑了拉-剪破坏的FLAC强度折减动力分析法,是完全动力的方法。最后通过算例分析验证了新方法的可行性,为边坡地震安全系数计算提供了一种新的思路。     

Millennial-centennial scales climate changes of Holocene indicated by magnetic susceptibility of high-resolution section in Salawusu River valley,China

The upmost segment(Holocene series)of the Milanggouwan stratigraphic section(MGS1)in the Salawusu River valley shows 11 sedimentary cycles of dune sands and fluvio-lacustrine facies,or dune sands and paleosols.The analysis of the magnetic susceptibility of this segment suggests that there are 11 magnetic susceptibility cycles with the value alternating from low to high,in which the layers of the dune sands correspond to the lower value of the magnetic susceptibility and the layers of fluvio-lacustrine facies and paleosols correspond to the higher peaks.The study reveals that the low and high magnetic susceptibility values indicate the climate dominated by cold-arid winter monsoon and warm-humid summer monsoon of East Asia,respectively,and the study area has experienced at least 22 times of mil-lennial-centennial scales climate alternation from the cold-arid to the warm-humid during the Holocene.In terms of the time and the climate nature,the variations basically correspond to those of the North Atlantic and some records of cold-warm changes in China as well.They might be caused by the alternation of winter and summer monsoons in the Mu Us Desert induced by global climate fluctuations in the Holocene.     

高速铁路大断面黄土隧道二次衬砌施作时机研究

隧道工程二次衬砌施作时机是隧道界普遍关注的问题。依托正在修建的郑州-西安铁路客运专线大断面黄土隧道工程,以围岩及初期支护基本稳定速率作为二次衬砌施作时机判定指标,采用位移断面监测数据回归分析和数值分析相结合,建立基本稳定速率的理论求解方法,从而确定二次衬砌施作时机;同时,选取贺家庄隧道试验段作为工程实例,对高速铁路大断面黄土隧道二次衬砌施作时机进行研究。研究结果表明：当拱顶下沉变形速率值小于0.55 mm/d,边墙水平绝对收敛速率值小于0.11 mm/d时,即可进行二次衬砌施作。此次研究为类似工程的设计和施工提供了参考依据。     

基于粒子群-高斯过程回归耦合算法的滑坡位移时序分析预测智能模型

高斯过程回归(GPR)学习机有着容易实现、超参数自适应获取及预测输出具有概率意义等优点。通常采用共轭梯度法获取GPR超参数,但其存在优化效果对初值依赖性太强,迭代次数难以确定,易陷入局部最优的缺点。改用粒子群优化 (PSO)算法进行最优超参数搜索,形成粒子群-高斯过程回归耦合算法(PSO-GPR)。将该算法引入三峡永久船闸高边坡、卧龙寺新滑坡、链子崖滑坡3个不同的典型滑坡变形时序分析中,对每个滑坡分别采用稳态核及一种新式神经网络（NN）、平方指数（SE）、有理二次型（RQ）3种单一核函数进行外推预报测试。工程应用表明,基于3种不同单一核函数的粒子群-高斯过程回归算法（PSO-GPR）均能完全适应不同滑坡时序分析,其中以NN核函数外推预测效果最佳,平均相对误差分别为6.37%、7.62%、1.07%,从而改善了在进行不同滑坡变形时序分析时采用单一核函数的核机器外推能力存在较大差异性的问题,提高了单一核函数对不同数据类型的兼容性     

基于小波变换的岩石声发射信号互相关分析及时延估计

声发射全波形采集为基于波形分析的声源定位方法提供了可能。声发射源定位方法中最常用的是时差定位方法,因此,时差获取精确与否直接影响定位的精度。借助于小波变换和互相关技术研究声发射信号的时延估计,首先利用小波分析技术对信号进行分解,确定有意义信号的频带宽度,再提取分解后的相应频带的小波系数,利用互相关技术计算出该频带信号到达各传感器的时差,进而利用时差定位法反演声发射源,实现了声发射源更精确的定位。经声发射监测验证结果表明,该时延估计方法能有效地减小声发射源定位的误差,提高声发射源的定位精度,为准确反演声发射源提供了一种有效途径。     

Non-linear buffeting response analysis of long-span suspension bridges with central buckle

The rigid central buckle employed in the Runyang Suspension Bridge (RSB) was the first time it was used in a suspension bridge in China. By using a spectral representation method and FFT technique combined with measured data,a 3D fluctuating wind field considering the tower wind effect is simulated. A novel FE model for buffeting analysis is then presented,in which a specific user-defined Matrix27 element in ANSYS is employed to simulate the aeroelastic forces and its stiffness or damping matrices are parameterized by wind velocity and vibration frequency. A nonlinear time history analysis is carried out to study the influence of the rigid central buckle on the wind-induced buffeting response of a long-span suspension bridge. The results can be used as a reference for wind resistance design of long-span suspension bridges with a rigid central buckle in the future.     

Progress in the Development of Control Strategies for the SBR Process

The sequencing batch reactor (SBR) process has shown great success in the treatment of industrial wastewater from intermittent discharge factories and for the treatment of domestic wastewater from medium or small towns. As automation technology has developed, many studies have been conducted to determine the optimal conditions for the SBR process. This review outlines the progress and application of control strategies that have been developed for the SBR process and provides a summary and comparison of the advantages and disadvantages of various control strategies, especially fixed‐time control strategies and various real‐time control strategies. Moreover, an analysis and discussion of novel optimal control methods for biologic nutrient removal are provided. Although previous studies in this field have greatly enriched our understanding of SBR systems, it is clear that many unsolved problems remain. Therefore, a summary of unanswered questions regarding control strategies for the SBR process is provided and future research directions are suggested.     

Wide area real time kinematic decimetre positioning with multiple carrier GNSS signals

This paper presents the technical basis for wide area real time decimetre positioning services using multiple carrier signals transmitted by future GNSS such as modernized GPS and Compass systems. The first step is to form two ionosphere-reduced extra-widelanes (EWL) that have the minimal total noise levels in cycles, considering the effects of the ionospheric and tropospheric delays, orbital error, and phase noise terms in various observational environments. The proposed three carrier ambiguity resolution ...