基于数据中心的国土资源信息系统基础平台的构建及技术问题

国土资源信息化建设是我国今后几年的工作重点.国土资源信息化的基础是国土信息的集成.在国土信息集成的工作中, 主要存在3个方面的问题: (1) 不同GIS间的数据无法共享; (2) 不同种类的国土数据无法集成; (3) 不同行政级别单位间数据无法共享.不同GIS的数据共享可以通过在GIS的ODBC层和数据库之间加一层GIS格式转换层来解决; 将不同种类的国土数据划分成不同的图层, 以空间控制点方式对这些图层进行叠合, 以使它们在空间关系上成为一个比较一致的统一系统; 借鉴数据仓库的管理模式, 不同的行政单位对应于不同的比例尺的数据, 高级别单位数据的综合度高, 存放的数据少, 低级别单位数据的细节性强, 存放的数据多, 整体上呈现出金字塔结构, 金字塔中不同层次的数据通过空间控制点进行传送.国土信息集成的目的是构筑一个国土信息系统的基础平台.国土资源信息系统基础平台是一个基于数据中心的、能统一管理信息的、支持现有流行GIS访问的、能与上下级数据中心无缝互连的国土资源基础设施系统.它处于整个国土信息系统的底层, 目的是向上层的信息系统提供一个能满足各种格式的数据需求的、而与具体的信息系统无关的独立的数据平台.      

A study on regional difference of China’s paid urban landuse system and grading

At present, paid urban landuse system is one of the most important economic reform in China. In the other words, landuse right can be transferred and land users must pay the rent to the state according to the quality of land. It is necessary to apply the theory of rent and location to the economic approaisal of urban land. China is vast in territory. Is’s geographical condition and economic development vary from place to place, so does the urban land value. In order to reveal the difference of land value between different cities, the following method is used. (1) Analysing the factors and elements that affect the quality of urban land. Six factors including 17 elements were selected in this paper: macrolocation of a city, benefit of urban aggregation, infrastructure investment, output value of urban land, potential of urban land, and investment intensity. (2) Deciding the weight andvalue of each factor. (3) Appraising each element separately. (4) Accounting the value of all factors and getting the total appraisal score of each city. (5) Grouping the 430 Chinese cities into sevencategories according to the appraisal values. The result shows that all the cities in the category with the highest land output values are in the coast belt, whereas most cities in the inland and outlying areas are belong to the category with low rank. For example, 87% of the cities in the outlying regions are belong to the lowest rank. Although there are some relationship between the size of cities and urban land rank, generally speaking, the larger the city, the higher the urban land rank. In fact, the locational condition is the most important factor which influences the rank of urban land.     

海平面长期变化对推算多年一遇极值水位的影响

利用乳山口24a的年极值高、低水位和年平均海平面,分析讨论了平均海平面长期变化对推算多年一遇极值水位的影响.同时讨论了消除平均海平面中长期变化的途径.比较了消除平均海平面长期变化和保留这种变化情况下推算出的两种多年一遇极值水位,可以发现,对多年一遇高水位来说,保留平均海平面长期变化所得结果高于消除了的,而对多年一遇低水位而言,情况正好相反.     

考虑定向参数精度信息的TerraSAR-X和SPOT-5HRS影像RFM联合定位

卫星影像的RFM模型具有传感器无关的优点,适用于多源影像的几何定位处理,但在无地面控制点条件下联合定位时存在自主定位优势影像难以发挥主导作用且求解易发散的不足。本文通过将影像的先验自主定位精度和成像线性漂移转化为像方定向参数的精度和权信息,建立考虑影像定向参数精度信息的RFM模型。以12景TerraSAR-X和6对12景覆盖面积约为18万km2的SPOT-5HRS立体长条带影像为数据源,对两类影像定向参数先验精度配置偏差、SAR影像升降轨道方向、SAR影像数目、SAR影像分布等因素对定位精度的影响进行了系列定位试验,少量SAR与大范围HRS联合的影像自主定位平面/高程精度可达6.0m/4.2m。本文RFM平差模型无地面控制点定位精度和定向参数求解稳健性相对于传统模型有显著提升,是卫星影像无控制点1∶10万/1∶5万全球测图的一种潜在方法。     

Characteristics of Temperature Change in China over the Last 2000 years and Spatial Patterns of Dryness/Wetness during Cold and Warm Periods

This paper presents new high-resolution proxies and paleoclimatic reconstructions for studying climate changes in China for the past 2000 years. Multi-proxy synthesized reconstructions show that temperature variation in China has exhibited significant 50–70-yr, 100–120-yr, and 200–250-yr cycles. Results also show that the amplitudes of decadal and centennial temperature variation were 1.3℃ and 0.7℃, respectively, with the latter significantly correlated with long-term changes in solar radiation, especially cold periods, which correspond approximately to sunspot minima. The most rapid warming in China occurred over AD 1870–2000, at a rate of 0.56°± 0.42℃(100 yr)~(-1); however, temperatures recorded in the 20 th century may not be unprecedented for the last 2000 years, as data show records for the periods AD 981–1100 and AD1201–70 are comparable to the present. The ensemble means of dryness/wetness spatial patterns in eastern China across all centennial warm periods illustrate a tripole pattern: dry south of 25°N, wet from 25°–30°N, and dry to the north of 30°N. However, for all centennial cold periods, this spatial pattern also exhibits a meridional distribution. The increase in precipitation over the monsoonal regions of China associated with the 20 th century warming can primarily be attributed to a mega El Nino–Southern Oscillation and the Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation. In addition, a significant association between increasing numbers of locusts and dry/cold conditions is found in eastern China. Plague intensity also generally increases in concert with wetness in northern China, while more precipitation is likely to have a negative effect in southern China.     

基于CASS的非等间隔内插点断面图绘制方法研究

断面图是线路工程设计中不可缺少的基础资料,绘制断面图是线路工程中的主要工作,然而现行CASS绘制的地形断面图是采用断面方向上相同间隔的高程点绘制的,因此,不能详细地表现地形起伏变化。针对这一问题,本文提出一种距离加权内插高程点非等间隔距离绘制断面图的方法,通过该方法可生成不等间隔断面,提高了测点的利用率,更加准确地反映了断面的实况,为设计人员提供了坡度设计、土石方计算等更加准确的数据。     

Barnacle Larvae and their Settlement in Genoa Harbour (North Tyrrhenian Sea)

Abstract. Density of barnacle larvae in plankton and settlement on atoxic plane surfaces have been compared at one station of Genoa harbour over sixteen months.
There were two periods of larval emission, during summer and autumn, with a slight one during winter. Barnacle settlement varied according to sea temperature, the amount of larvae and competition for the substratum.     

宁波北仑海域风浪统计性质研究

根据宁波北仑海域的连续3a的实测风浪资料,讨论了在不同风速条件下波高分布和周期分布,以及两者的联合分布;通过与理论结果的比较,得出波高分布与Rayleigh分布基本符合,但有一些差异,周期分布与孙孚的理论周期分布较符合,而波高与周期的联合分布除了图形的形状以及大波对应的无因次周期的值与孙孚的理论值有差异外,两者吻合较好。     

飞艇式航空磁测系统在不同地理条件下的应用

飞艇式航空磁测系统由无人驾驶飞艇作为飞行平台,搭载高精度航空磁测系统构成,实现无人驾驶、自主导航沿设计测线飞行,进而完成测区内航磁测量工作。此系统研制成功后,分别在不同地形条件、不同纬度区域进行了快速、安全、稳定的飞行测量。实践证明,飞艇式航空磁测系统在高原、中高山、丘陵、平原、沼泽覆盖区内应用效果良好。