生态塘-人工生态岛技术在修复南四湖湖滨带湿地中的应用

南四湖湖区内造田圩田、挖池养鱼等破坏湿地行为比较突出,导致该湖滨带出现水位变化幅度大、生境恶化、水体富营养化等问题。为改善湖滨带生态环境,在客观评估湖滨带生态环境本底和现状诊断的基础上,应用生态塘-人工生态岛技术在南四湖湖西湖滨带开展湿地修复,取得了显著的生态修复效果。     

三维GIS蓄滞洪区淹没分析与灾损评估

蓄滞洪区是江河防洪体系的重要组成部分.基于洪水淹没机理,通过对蓄滞洪区地表的连通性分析,构建淹没过程模型;用等量分析的思想建立了计算洪水淹没水深和淹没范围的淹没分析模型,并在三维GIS环境中实现淹没分析结果的三维动态可视化.将淹没分析结果与社会背景数据叠加,结合洪灾损失率,对淹没区内的各类资产进行洪灾损失评估,为蓄滞洪区的管理、防洪减灾决策提供快捷、直观形象的信息支持.     

越冬对池塘专养模式下中华鳖(Trionyx sinensis)形质的影响特征

根据目标养殖生物的形质特征变化,研究其生存对策因养殖环境的持续性改变而发生切换的途径与机制,具有重要的理论与应用价值。利用池塘专养模式下2⁺龄余姚本地品系中华鳖(Trionyx sinensis)同生群个体越冬前后的生物学测定数据,在比较体尺比例性状、肥满度指数、重长系数和脏器质量比例性状的基础上,采用主成分分析和判别分析方法,系统开展了越冬对中华鳖形质的影响特征研究。结果表明:(1)所涉29项体尺比例性状、4项肥满度性状、4项重长系数性状和19项脏器质量比例性状中,越冬前后具显著差异(P<0.05)的分别为25项、2项、2项和12项,即越冬对实验鳖的形质特征具显著影响,实验鳖具通过饰变形质以响应越冬胁迫的生存适应对策;(2)经主成分分析,提取到的5个特征值均大于1的主成分,其累积贡献率达80.427%,其中PC₁可归纳为以强化就近寻食为主要特征的公共因子,PC₂可归纳为以减少入泥阻力进而降低入泥呼吸能耗为主要特征的公共因子,PC₃、PC₄和PC₅可统归为以减脂强体助力越冬入泥挖掘能力为主要特征的公共因子;(3)采用逐步判别法,以判别贡献率较大的头长/躯干长、颈长/躯干长、背甲长/躯干长、左前肢长/躯干长和左前肢下臂长/躯干长为自变量,所建Fisher分类函数方程组可较清晰区分越冬前后实验个体,其中两者的个体判别准确率和综合判别准确率均为96.67%。研究结果揭示了中华鳖越冬前后生存对策发生切换的机制,可为其越冬生物学研究及构建养殖管理技术体系提供基础资料。     

中国第四次北极科学考察期间北极点附近海冰和融池的航空遥感观测

An aerial photography has been used to provide validation data on sea ice near the North Pole where most polar orbiting satellites cannot cover. This kind of data can also be used as a supplement for missing data and for reducing the uncertainty of data interpolation. The aerial photos are analyzed near the North Pole collected during the Chinese national arctic research expedition in the summer of 2010(CHINARE2010). The result shows that the average fraction of open water increases from the ice camp at approximately 87°N to the North Pole, resulting in the decrease in the sea ice. The average sea ice concentration is only 62.0% for the two flights(16 and 19 August 2010). The average albedo(0.42) estimated from the area ratios among snow-covered ice,melt pond and water is slightly lower than the 0.49 of HOTRAX 2005. The data on 19 August 2010 shows that the albedo decreases from the ice camp at approximately 87°N to the North Pole, primarily due to the decrease in the fraction of snow-covered ice and the increase in fractions of melt-pond and open-water. The ice concentration from the aerial photos and AMSR-E(The Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer-Earth Observing System) images at 87.0°–87.5°N exhibits similar spatial patterns, although the AMSR-E concentration is approximately 18.0%(on average) higher than aerial photos. This can be attributed to the 6.25 km resolution of AMSR-E, which cannot separate melt ponds/submerged ice from ice and cannot detect the small leads between floes. Thus, the aerial photos would play an important role in providing high-resolution independent estimates of the ice concentration and the fraction of melt pond cover to validate and/or supplement space-borne remote sensing products near the North Pole.     

株洲市龙泉污水处理厂A/O生物氧化池变形监测及数据处理分析

以株洲市龙泉污水处理厂A/O生物氧化池为例介绍加载沉降监测技术方案中监测基准点、变形监测点的布设原则、方法、观测精度及周期要求,阐述引起变形点位位移中误差的主要因素,并对外业变形观测、数据处理及分析等内容进行详细的说明。     

Assesing the effect of an olive mill wastewater evaporation pond in Sousse, Tunisia

Olive oil is a typical and valuable agro-industrial product in Mediterranean countries. In Tunisia, olive mill wastewaters (OMW) reach an amount of about 1,000,000 t year⁻¹ and constitute a serious organic pollution risk because of the high chemical oxygen demand values and the presence of phytotoxic and antibacterial polyphenols. OMW have been generally stored in pond sites to be eliminated by natural evaporation or valorised by spreading on cultivated soils or by composting. Many researches on the interactions of OMW with soils at laboratory scale (columns) have been reported, but less attention have been paid to the effect of OMW on soils at field scale. The aim of this work is to investigate an area used for >15 years as an uncontrolled OMW pond site. The transformations of soil properties and groundwater occurring during OMW storage were characterised by the pH, phenolic contents, electrical conductivity (EC), moisture content and organic contents. The soil samples were taken from two borings and compared to those of a control one located near the pond site. Groundwater samples were taken on the accessible and nearest water wells to the evaporation ponds. The permeable silty and sandy layers in the site support the infiltration of OMW near the evaporation ponds. This infiltration has reached a depth of 6 m at a distance of almost 50 m laterally. The results show that the OMW infiltration in the subsoil has affected the pH, EC, organic content, phenolic compounds and the moisture.     

榆木沟尾矿库自流式辐射井排渗系统施工关键技术

浸润线过高导致的渗流状况不良已经成为许多尾矿库的主要安全隐患,是引起尾矿库溃坝事故的最直接原因之一。自流式辐射井排渗系统具有自流排水安全可靠、辐射式集渗管水平伸入坝体范围广、排水量大、水位下降快、成本低、使用寿命周期长、后期管理运行方便等优势。在榆木沟尾矿库2号大口辐射井工程中应用了自流式辐射井排渗系统,取得了良好的技术和经济效果。结合该工程实践,对自流式辐射井排渗系统在尾矿库排渗工程中的施工关键技术问题进行了研究和探讨,为今后类似工程提供了有益的经验。     

铀矿退役治理尾矿库保护性开放利用工程的环境调查分析

随着我国经济的迅速发展和城市化进程的加快,铀矿退役治理尾矿库则有可能位于城市规划开发区内。基于城市长远发展,应对该设施进行保护性开放利用,将其改建成绿色生态公园成为现实的需求。因此,有必要对其进行系统的环境现状调查,为工程设计提供数据支撑。文章对调查内容、范围和方法等进行了全面阐述,并对调查结果做了较为客观的分析。     

东台吉乃尔盐湖卤水日晒蒸发工艺研究

东台盐湖晶间卤水在自然条件下日晒蒸发，通过不同阶段卤水兑卤，使其钾以钾石业和光卤石的形式析出，硼、锂等富集于浓缩卤水中。     

滞洪区安全滞洪GIS管理剖析

通过对滞洪区安全滞洪的系统分析,提出了应用GIS进行滞洪区安全管理的总体思路,对安全滞洪涉及到的关键性技术进行了探讨,给出了包括数据库建设、安全撤离及财产损失分析等问题的具体解决方案,为滞洪区的安全管理和指挥决策提供了新的思路。