新一代高速对向观测数字水准尺仪的发明与实践

水准测量一直是获得地面点精密高差的重要手段,其测量速度慢、效率低也一直是困扰全球测量界的一大难题。为了提高水准测量的速度和效率,本文提出了新一代高速对向观测数字水准尺仪的概念、结构、原理与方法。具体采用水准仪与标尺合二为一的一体化结构设计,将传统水准测量的3点互动配置改变为2点互动配置来提高测站仪器安置速度和地形适应能力;采用对偶测量原理将传统水准测量的单向单系统测量改变为对（双）向双系统测量来提高水准测量的精度及可靠性;采用正交二脚架及L型水准器来提高水准标尺及水准仪的安平速度。理论分析及初步实践表明：新一代高速对向观测数字水准尺仪与传统水准仪相比,水准测量效率可提高1倍以上,是目前世界上最快速、最智能、最精密的电子水准测量系统。高速对向观测数字水准尺仪的发明,将对全球大地及工程测量界产生重大及颠覆性的影响,将开启人类社会普及电子水准仪的新时代。     

水下多路液压快速接头的夹头结构分析与优化

深海油气田水下生产系统装备之间的精准连接是国际公认的技术难题,对接一般通过深海连接器完成。弹性夹头是水下连接器的重要组成部分,其性能关系到海洋油气生产系统的安全性和可靠性。弹性夹头的主要作用是在水下机器人的辅助下连接和锁紧连接器的固定端和移动端。采用ABAQUS软件的显式动力学分析模块计算夹头夹紧心轴这一过程中的应力、反作用力状态。三维模型仿真结果表明,锁紧过程中弹性夹头的最大应力不超过430 MPa,小于所选取的材料屈服强度480 MPa。采用正交试验和方差分析的方法研究夹头的长度、夹头与心轴的间隙等几个关键尺寸从而分析影响夹头应力和连接所需推力的最显著因素。对夹头的结构进行优化设计,同时也为夹头心轴结构的设计提供了理论依据。最后,通过试验研究对样机进行测试,测试结果表明,夹紧动作所需的最大推力在700 N以下。     

河南晚石炭世含煤地层中的风暴异地煤

河南省晚石炭世含煤地层中,存在着因风暴作用强烈侵蚀滨海泥炭沼泽,而后通过风暴回流把泥炭物质和植物遗体长距离搬运到浅海环境再沉积的风暴异地煤。这种异地煤的直接顶底板是具有风暴沉积特征的浅海碳酸盐岩.煤破碎成粉砂级—泥级,煤层原生结构已完全看不到,煤层下部为含有大量海相动物化石的滞积层,中部为具有类似丘状层理的波状层,上部为水平纹层,其层序特征几乎可与煤层直接顶底板浅海碳酸盐风暴岩类比。研究这种异地煤的沉积背景和形成机制以及这种煤层所反映出的煤质特征、煤岩特征、沉积特征、层序及层序类型特征,不仅可以开拓出一种新型异地成煤类型而扩大煤地质学的研究领域,而且有助于研究古气候、古水深和煤岩层对比等问题。     

Dynamic factor analysis considering elastic boom effects in heavy lifting operations

The dynamic factor is the ratio of the maximum dynamic load to the static load acting on the wire ropes between the boom of a floating crane and a cargo. In this paper, the dynamic factor is analyzed based on dynamic simulations of a floating crane and a cargo, considering an elastic boom. For the simulation, we designed a multibody system that consists of a floating crane barge, an elastic boom, and a cargo connected to the boom through wire ropes. The dynamic equations of motion of the system are based on flexible multibody system dynamics. Six-degree-of-freedom motions are considered for the floating crane and for the cargo, and three-dimensional deformations for the elastic boom. The hydrostatic force, the hydrodynamic force, the gravitational force, and the wire rope forces are considered as external forces. The dynamic factor is obtained by numerically solving the equation. The effects of the elastic boom on heavy cargo lifting are discussed by comparing the simulation results of an elastic boom and a rigid boom.     

从抗震设防类别探讨室内地震应急避难场所的选择

区分建筑物的抗震设防类别是进行抗震设计的前提和依据。本文针对当前我国室内地震应急避难场所认定面临的现有建筑的抗震安全性问题,根据不同版本的《建筑工程抗震设防分类标准》和《建筑抗震设计规范》,对现有体育、会展、教育建筑等设计、施工时依据的抗震设防类别、标准、规范进行分析研究,以为室内地震应急避难场所的选择提供参考,从而推动室内地震应急避难场所的认定工作。     

上海市九段沙湿地生态科普园规划设计

在紧邻大都市的上海九段沙湿地国家级自然保护区上沙实验区范围内,根据地形地势,潮沟水系走向,因地制宜规划设计一个5km2环保低碳,具有湿地保育、监督管理、科学研究和宣传教育于一体的多功能湿地生态科普园,让久居城市的人们远离喧嚣,营造一种宁静清幽、寓教于乐、回归大自然的亲切感。从设计目标、原则、理念和总体布局等方面阐述了九段沙湿地生态科普园的建设思路,为生态、低碳、环保、科学建设九段沙湿地生态科普园提供参考。     

平凉“95．7．19”强对流风暴分析

分析具有代表性的平凉局地强对流风暴过程，揭示了平凉发生强对流天气独特的地形因素。     

基于VR的具有民族地域文化特色的农村小城镇规划设计

利用虚拟现实技术,建立具有不同民族地域文化特色的三维模型和场景,虚拟展示城镇和新农村建设规划设计,从而取代传统的采用沙盘、平面规划图等展示介绍的方法,便于专家和广大民众参与交流。     

A literature synthesis of LiDAR applications in transportation: feature extraction and geometric assessments of highways

Interest in using Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR) technology in Transportation Engineering has grown over the past decade. The high accuracy of LiDAR datasets and the efficiency by which they can be collected has led many transportation agencies to consider mobile LiDAR as an alternative to conventional tools when surveying roadway infrastructure. Nonetheless, extracting semantic information from LiDAR datasets can be extremely challenging. Although extracting roadway features from LiDAR has been considered in previous research, the extraction of some features has received more attention than others. In fact, for some roadway design elements, attempts to extract those elements from LiDAR have been extremely scarce. To document the research that has been done in this area, this paper conducts a thorough review of existing studies while also highlighting areas where more research is required. Unlike previous research, this paper includes a thorough review of the previous attempts at data extraction from LiDAR while summarizing the detailed steps of the extraction procedure proposed in each study. Moreover, the paper also identifies common tools and techniques used to extract information from LiDAR for transportation applications. The paper also highlights common limitations in existing algorithms that could be improved in future research. This paper represents a valuable resource for researchers and practitioners interested in knowing the current state of research on the applications of LiDAR in the field of Transportation Engineering while also understanding the opportunities and challenges that lie ahead.     

Long-Term Effect of TMD on Vibration Control of An MDOF Offshore Fixed Platform

A three-dimensional fixed offshore platform in deep water modeled by the finite element method is studied in this paper. Analysis of the dynamic response of the MDOF structure is realized taking the non-linearity of the wave drag force and the wave-structure interaction into account. The structural response statistics, which have Gaussian distributions, are used to evaluate the vibration effect of the structure without TMD and with TMD. And an optimal method to design TMD controlling the first mode of the multi-mode structure is proposed. Moreover, the probabilities of occurrence of sea states at the platform site are considered for prediction of the long-term effect of a TMD. Simulation results demonstrate that the long-term effect of a well-designed TMD is good and the practical use is possible due to the good stability of its optimal parameters under different sea states.