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991.
992.
Effects of Watershed Land Use and Lake Morphometry on the Trophic State of Chinese Lakes: Implications for Eutrophication Control 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Water quality in lakes is influenced by a large number of watershed and lake characteristics. In this study, we examined the relative effects of watershed land use and lake morphology on the trophic state of 19 lakes in the Yunnan plateau and lower Yangtze floodplain, the two most eutrophic regions in China. Trophic state parameters consisted of total nitrogen, total phosphorus, chemical oxygen demand, chlorophyll‐a, Secchi depth, and trophic state index, while lake morphometric variables included area, maximum depth, mean depth, water residence time (WRT), volume, and length to width ratio. Percentages of forest, grassland, cropland, unused land, built‐up land, and water body in each lake's watershed were extracted from a land use map interpreted from Landsat TM images. A t‐test indicated that lower Yangtze floodplain lakes were shallower and had higher percentages of cropland and built‐up land in watersheds than Yunnan plateau lakes. Pearson's correlation analysis indicated that both watershed land use and lake morphometric variables were significantly related to most of the trophic state parameters. However, stepwise regression analyses demonstrated that the trophic state of the lower Yangtze floodplain lakes was mainly controlled by the percentages of cropland and built‐up land in watersheds, while that of Yunnan plateau lakes was mostly determined by the lake depth and WRT. These results suggest that the relative effects of watershed land use and lake morphology on lake trophic state are dependent on the lake's location. This study can provide some useful information in watershed land use management for controlling eutrophication in Chinese lakes. 相似文献
993.
Magdalena M. Krol 《Advances in water resources》2011,34(4):537-549
During thermal remediation the increase in subsurface temperature can lead to bubble formation and mobilization. In order to investigate the effect of gas formation on resulting aqueous concentrations, a 2D finite difference flow and mass transport model was developed which incorporates a macroscopic invasion percolation (MIP) model to simulate bubble expansion and movement. The model was used to simulate three soil scenarios with different permeabilities and entry pressures at various operating temperatures and groundwater velocities. It was observed that discrete bubble formation occurred in all three soils, upward mobility being limited by lower temperatures and higher entry pressures. Bubble mobilization resulted in a different aqueous mass distribution than if no discrete gas formation was modeled, especially at higher temperatures. This was a result of bubbles moving upwards to cooler areas, then collapsing, and contaminating previously clean zones. The cooling effect also led to possible non-aqueous phase liquid (NAPL) formation which was not predicted using a model without discrete bubble formation. 相似文献
994.
在对山西大同市区3个主要地貌单元共72个钻孔的剪切波速资料分析整理的基础上,利用指数形式的剪切波速与深度经验公式,对测点较多的粉质黏土、粉土、粗砂三类土层的剪切波速Vs与土层深度H的关系进行统计回归,并将实测剪切波速值与利用上述统计结果得到的预测值进行对比检验,结果表明,分地貌单元各类土层的Vs-H经验关系是可靠的,符合当地岩土特征,可用于对该地区地层剪切波速进行推测。 相似文献
995.
Imaging the mantle transition zone beneath eastern and central China with CEArray receiver functions 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
We analyzed a total of 37 427 receiver-function data recorded by national and regional broadband seismic networks of the China Earthquake Administration to study the mantle transition zone beneath eastern and central China.Significant topography on both the 410-km and 660-km discontinuities was clearly imaged in the 3D volume of CCP (common-conversion-point) stacked images that cover an area of 102.5 E-122.5 E and 22.0 N-42.0 N.3D crustal and mantle velocity models were used in computing the Ps time moveout... 相似文献
996.
997.
为了解边界层厚度的大尺度分布及其气候循环特征,基于逐日ERA 40 再分析边界层厚度资料,采用统计学方法计算边界层厚度分4个时次的季节循环、年较差等气候特征场,对全球边界层厚度分布及其季节演变特征进行了研究。结果表明:全球较厚的边界层分布与大地形、沙漠等下垫面的分布有直接联系;陆地强边界层分布存在“08时”现象,即陆地较厚边界层中心分布在当地时间08时经线附近;在大洋上南北纬30°~40°两条纬度带内边界层厚度的月尺度内变率较大,与大气强斜压性的天气系统活跃区一致;月平均日较差的年循环特征存在着季节性南北进退的现象。研究结果对于全面认识和科学利用ERA 40逐日边界层再分析资料有一定帮助。 相似文献
998.
Study on Probability Distributions of Multi-Timescale Aerosol Optical
Depth Using AERONET Data
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The probability distribution analysis is per-formed for multi-timescale aerosol optical depth (AOD) using AErosol RObotic NETwork (AERONET) level 2.0 data.The maximum likelihood estimation is employed to determine the best-fit probability density function (PDF),and the statement that the fitting Weibull distribution will be light-tailed is proved true for these AOD samples.The best-fit PDF results for multi-site data show that the PDF of AOD samples with longer timescale in most sites tends to be stably represented by lognormal distribution,while Weibull distribution is a better fit for AOD samples with short timescales.The reason for this difference is ana-lyzed through tail characteristics of the two distributions,and an indicator for the selection between Weibull and lognormal distributions is suggested and validated.The result of this research is helpful for determining the most accurate AOD statistics for a given site and a given time-scale and for validating the retrieved AOD through its PDF. 相似文献
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