地震动随机函数模型研究(Ⅰ)——模型建立

基于随机过程的随机函数解释,发展了一种随机地震动模型.模型包括两个部分,分别是基于理论物理关系的Fourier幅值谱模型和基于经验关系的Fourier相位谱模型.基于拟加速度谱概念建立的幅值谱模型能够反映强震记录的幅值特性,而Fourier相位谱模型则利用累积相位谱的单值连续特性,以线性多项式与三角级数组合的形式给出.模拟记录与实测记录对比结果显示两者不仅在波形结构上相似性良好,而且反应谱层次亦吻合良好.     

单台地震观测报告震相数据的验证方法探讨

简要介绍了利用电子走时表和网上地震目录对单台地震观测报告的震相数据进行初步检查的方法及其软件实现,认为,利用该方法可找出观测报告中分析错误和误差较大的震相,可作为一种对单台地震观测报告进行检查的有效方法。     

岩石圈中水的临界奇异性与断裂耦合触发地震

以等压热容为例,研究岩石圈中水的临界奇异性及出现的条件,探讨岩石圈中水的临界奇异性与断裂耦合作用触发地震的可能性。岩石圈中水存在一、二级相变,相变时水的物理化学性质将发生明显改变,在临界点处表现出奇异性,如热容、膨胀系数和压缩系数等将趋于无穷大,按照Mie-Grneisen方程((P/T)V=γρCV),热容无穷大时将导致热压也趋于无穷大,压力将瞬时剧增。但水的临界奇异性出现的条件是温、压同时趋于临界值,在岩石圈中温、压是相互关联的,按照正常的地温梯度(15～35℃/km)和地压梯度(0.025～0.03GPa/km)计算,达到水的临界温度和压力的深度分别是24～10km和0.88～0.73km,即在岩石圈中若没有断裂的存在时则不可能同时达到水的临界温度和临界压力,不可能出现临界奇异性。断裂使压力降至水的临界压力,使得在岩石圈中某处温度和压力可同时达到水的临界值而出现奇异性,水的临界奇异性和断裂的耦合导致热压剧增,可能触发地震     

A new multiscale scheme for computing statistical moments in single phase flow in heterogeneous porous media

In this work we develop a new multiscale procedure to compute numerically the statistical moments of the stochastic variables which govern single phase flow in heterogeneous porous media. The technique explores the properties of the log-normally distributed hydraulic conductivity, characterized by power-law or exponential covariances, which shows invariance in its statistical structure upon a simultaneous change of the scale of observation and strength of heterogeneity. We construct a family of equivalent stochastic hydrodynamic variables satisfying the same flow equations at different scales and strengths of heterogeneity or correlation lengths. Within the new procedure the governing equations are solved in a scaled geology and the numerical results are mapped onto the original medium at coarser scales by a straightforward rescaling. The new procedure is implemented numerically within the Monte Carlo algorithm and also in conjunction with the discretization of the low-order effective equations derived from perturbation analysis. Numerical results obtained by the finite element method show the accuracy of the new procedure to approximated the two first moments of the pressure and velocity along with its potential in reducing drastically the computational cost involved in the numerical modeling of both power-law and exponential covariance functions.     

用远震接收函数反演福建地区宽频带台站下方莫霍界面深度

收集福建省“九五”数字地震遥测台网中8个宽频带台站的远震波形资料,应用接收函数的研究方法计算各个台站下方的接收函数。采用非线性的反演方法获得这些台站下方的S波速度结构．确定这些台站下方莫霍界面深度的分布情况。分析得到的反演结果,福建地区莫霍面的起伏不大．平均的地壳厚度约为32km。在0～2km之间均存在一层低速层,这与地表覆盖着一层松散的沉积层是相对应的。内陆地区台站附近莫霍界面深度较沿海地区略高,沿海台站的莫霍界面深度北部略高于南部。     

太原地震台记录的四川汶川地震震相分析

四川汶川系列地震距太原基准地震台约1000km,介于近震与远震之间,震相特殊,识别困难。本文通过对汶川主、余震和四川其他地区远震波形的对照,及对主要震相周期、幅度及波形特点的分析,认为PN、SG两个震相是太原地震台记录四川汶川地震的主要定位震相。     

汶川地震序列早期特征及成因探讨

地震序列的特征和震型判定工作有助于抗震救灾工作的开展,对其发生成因的研究是解决地震预报难题必须面对的科学问题。汶川8．0级地震序列的初步研究表明：①余震沿龙门山断裂带分布于宽100km,长约330km的带状区域内,并侧向于主震震中的北侧;②序列发展初期有2个快速衰减过程;③序列类型为主震一余震型,最大强余震6．4级;④序列的空间演化过程,强余震震源机制结果和地震精确定位结果分析表明,序列具有分段特征;⑤8．0级地震的发震构造是龙门山断裂带,发震构造在剖面上呈现出“犁形”或“铲形”。地球物理勘探和壳、幔结构反演结果表明,自青藏高原穿越龙门山到四川盆地存在地幔阶梯,上地幔阶梯的阻挡作用使得物质东移速率减慢,并蕴积了汶川8．0级地震所需能量。地震的产生正是东西向应力平衡被打破的结果,余震沿龙门山断裂的分布是高原地壳在印度板块的推挤作用下向北北东方向的运动得以继续的表现。整个龙门山断裂带都参与了活动,龙门山断裂带北端作为断裂带的止裂端与南段同期活动。     

Transformation relationship among different magnetic minerals within loess-paleosol sediments of the Chinese Loess Plateau

The dominant magnetic minerals and carriers of magnetic signals within the Chinese Loess Plateau are magnetite, maghemite, hematite, and goethite. In this study, we investigated the provenance and evolution of magnetic minerals during loess pedogenesis, using X-ray diffraction (XRD) and optical and electron microscopy, including field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM). Our results reveal that single- and multiphase mineral assemblages among magnetic minerals in the loess-paleosol sequence have been formed. Partial oxidation of coarse eolian magnetite has occurred in the desert source area and the oxidation degree is enhanced after deposition of the dust upon the Chinese Loess Plateau. This mode of origin resulted in a microtexture consisting of an inner magnetite core surrounded by a hematite rim, and strongly affected the magnetic characteristics of the loess. Goethite coexists with hematite in the loess and paleosol, and nanometer-scale hematite is formed upon goethite rims via dehydration. Our study provides direct mineralogical evidence of the magnetic record and paleoclimatic implications of the loess-paleosol sequence of the Chinese Loess Plateau. Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 40772032 and 40573054) and National Basic Research Program (Grant No. 2007CB815603)     

Preliminary results of the close-off depth and the stable isotopic records along a 109.91 m ice core from Dome A,Antarctica

A 109.91 m ice core was recovered from Dome A (or Dome Argus), the highest ice feature in Antarctica, during the 2004/05 austral summer by the 21st Chinese National Antarctic Research Expedition (CHINARE-21). Both methane profile along the core and firn densification model calculation suggest that the close-off depth is at about 102.0 m with an ice age about 4200 a. Stable isotopes (δ18O and δD) of the chips samples produced during each run of ice core drilling at Dome A, together with those of the other co...     

中、强震数字记录波形及震相特征分析

本文从地质构造、波列特征、P波初动、S-P到时差、主要震相、最大振幅、震中距等方面着手对沈阳台记录到的中、强震进行分析,力求归纳出国内和国外不同区域的波形和震相特征。