东营市城区馆陶组热储回灌性能分析

东营市城区馆陶组热储为新近系松散碎屑岩层状热储,目前地热资源开采量约95万m3/a,回灌是解决热储压力下降与地热尾水排放对环境造成不良影响的最佳措施,该文采用自然回灌试验方法探讨回灌条件下馆陶组热储的渗透性能,并与德州市城区馆陶组热储压力回灌试验成果进行了对比,对该热储的回灌性能进行了分析,为指导该区地热回灌提供了科学依据。     

Modeling the sediment yield from landslides in the Shihmen Reservoir watershed,Taiwan

Landslides generate enormous volumes of sediment in mountainous watersheds; however, quantifying the downstream transport of landslide‐derived sediment remains a challenge. Landslide erosion and sediment delivery to the Shihmen Reservoir watershed in Taiwan was estimated using empirical landslide frequency–area and volume–area relationships, empirical landslide runout models, and the Hydrological Simulation Program‐ FORTRAN (HSPF). Landslide erosion rates ranged from 0.4 mm yr^‐1 to 2.2 mm yr^‐1 during the period 1986–2003, but increased to 7.9 mm yr^‐1 following Typhoon Aere in 2004. The percentage of landslide sediment delivered to streams decreased from 78% during the period 1986–1997 to 55% in 2004. Although the delivery ratio was lower, the volume of landslide sediment delivered to streams was 2.81 × 10⁶ Mg yr^‐1 in 1986–1997 and 8.60 × 10⁶ Mg yr^‐1 in 2004. Model simulations indicate that only a small proportion of the landslide material was delivered downstream. An average of 13% of the landslide material delivered to rivers was moved downstream during the period 1986–1997. In 2004, the period including Typhoon Aere, the annual fluvial sediment yield accounted for approximately 23% of the landslide material delivered to streams. In general, the transfer of sediment in the fluvial system in the Shihmen Reservoir watershed is dominantly transport limited. The imbalance between sediment supply and transport capacity has resulted in a considerable quantity of landslide material remaining in the upper‐stream regions of the watershed. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

新疆巴楚和塔什库尔干地震台下方地壳结构研究

Using the teleseismic waveform data recorded by the seismic station Bachu( hereafter referred to as station BCH) i n the Tarim Basin and the seismic station Taxkorgan(h ereafter referred to as station TAG) i n the west Kunlun Mountains for years,we applied the receiver function H-κ stacking method to study the crustal structure beneath stations BCH and TAG. The results showed that there are obvious differences in the crustal thickness beneath stations BCH and TAG,and the regional crustal thickness and terrain have a very good corresponding relationship. There are high crustal average V P/ V S values beneath the two stations. The crustal thickness is 44 km,and the crustal average wave velocity ratio is 1. 849 beneath station BCH. There is a sharp discontinuity in the middle of the crust beneath station BCH at a depth of 21 km. There is a low average P wave velocity and low V P/ V S from the surface to the discontinuity beneath station BCH.The depth of the discontinuity is consistent with the lower interface of the focal depth from accurate location in the Jiashi earthquake source area adjacent to station BCH; and may be the crustal brittle-ductile conversion boundary. The crustal thickness is 69 km,and the crustal average wave velocity ratio is 1. 847 beneath station TAG,a thicker crust and high V P/ V S may indicate that materials in the lower crustal are prone to plastic flow,which is responsible for the thickening of the crust.     

西南石漠化区林下土壤养分特征及差异性

文章采用文献检索法收集20世纪90年代以来石漠化区植被修复和土壤研究相关论文,以全国二次土壤普查养分分级标准为基础,探讨林下土壤养分改良情况及土壤化学计量特征。结果表明：（1）中国西南石漠化区林下土壤总有机碳、全氮均值均高于全国二次土壤普查养分一等级,全磷处于二级范围,土壤养分改善效果明显,而全钾含量属于五级低钾区;（2）广西壮族自治区总有机碳和全氮均值为五省（区、市）第一,全磷和全钾位于二等级和四等级,土壤养分含量增加最明显;贵州省总有机碳、全氮高于一等级34%和37%,全磷值在二等级范围,全钾值位于第五等级,贵州省石漠化林下土壤养分改良明显;云南省总有机碳、全磷指标分别高于一等级9%、21%,全氮属于二等级,全钾属于五等级,土壤养分指标有不同程度提高;重庆市总有机碳高于一等级1.75%,全氮和全磷属于二等级,全钾为五省中最高且属于四级,土壤养分指标改良较其他三省慢;湖南省总有机碳指标为二等级,全氮、全磷、全钾值分别属于二等级、五等级、五等级,湖南省需加强石漠化治理的力度;（3）西南石漠化区土壤总有机碳和全氮指标呈正相关,植被生长亦受钾元素限制。其中,广西壮族自治区总有机碳、全氮和全磷存储快,土壤改良效益极其显著;贵州省土壤固碳能力高于全国平均值;云南省石漠化地区土壤钾元素偏低,影响植被生长;重庆市土壤中全钾含量高与总有机碳、全氮、全磷关系不大,氮元素成为限制植物生长的元素;湖南省植被生长需补充磷、钾元素。西南石漠化区植被生长应充分补充钾元素,除此之外,湖南、重庆需加强磷、氮元素的补充;云南、湖南、重庆应借鉴广西壮族自治区生态修复经验,加强石漠化生态治理并发挥效益。     

多维地震下考虑不同破坏准则的输电塔-线体系倒塌分析

研究了基于不同失效准则多维地震激励下输电塔-线体系的倒塌。根据实际工程,运用ABAQUS有限元分析软件,考虑材料非线性和几何非线性,建立了包含两基输电塔与3跨输电线的大跨越输电塔-线体系三维有限元模型。提出了2种不同的杆件失效准则,采用用户材料子程序,基于动力显式分析方法,研究了大跨越输电塔-线体系在3条典型天然地震波作用下考虑不同失效准则的倒塌机理,并对输电塔的杆件失效、节间位移角以及相对薄弱位置进行了分析。分析结果可以为大跨越输电塔-线体系的抗震设计提供参考。     

数字高程模型精度标准、质量理论和科学观念讨论

分析了数字高程模型(DEM)的国家精度标准,及其与一些实际数据间的逻辑矛盾,并运用GIS数据质量理论,从分辨率、逻辑一致性、完整性的角度,分析了DEM误差、高程的序同构原理和必须综合生成原理。提出“DEM不应是间距dx上的取样点高程,而应是间距dx×dx上颗粒度的代表高程”,突出了综合在DEM中的关键作用。     

赣粤闽交界及邻区近年中强地震加卸载响应比特征研究

以地震应变能作为响应因子,研究了1997至2007年赣粤闽交界及邻区4．0级（ML≥4．0）以上中强地震临震前的加卸载响应比（Y值）的基本变化特征,研究结果表明,80％以上的地震在临震前Y值呈现出高值异常形态。因而它可以作为此地区地震预测的一种手段。     

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马尔可夫链模型在地下水水位预测中的应用

作者将鲁南地区一水文观测孔的９２次地下水水位月平均监测数据,划分了１０种状态范围,运用马尔可夫链模型,对未来地下水水位进行状态范围预测。在与实际监测资料进行对比的基础上,验证了马尔可夫链理论在地下水水位预测中的可行性及可靠性,并对运用中的具体问题进行了探讨。     

黄土河谷场地地形放大效应的研究

使用黄土河谷场地模型对地震动峰值加速度和频谱特征进行研究。结果表明,不同工况下各观测点PGA的放大比呈现出不同的变化规律。分析山顶和山谷各点的傅里叶谱以及谱比发现,在地形和土层共同作用下的放大效应是各自单独作用下放大效应的乘积。